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Buzdagli Y, Ozan M, Baygutalp N, Oget F, Karayigit R, Yuce N, Kan E, Baygutalp F, Ucar H, Buzdağlı Y. The effect of high-intensity intermittent and moderate-intensity continuous exercises on neurobiological markers and cognitive performance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:39. [PMID: 38326816 PMCID: PMC10848527 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of exercise on cognitive functions and general brain health have been increasingly studied. Such studies conducted among athletes are very important to understanding the effects of different exercise methods on biochemical parameters and cognitive performance. The present study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) based on biochemical parameters and cognitive performance in athletes. METHODS A total of twenty-eight elite male boxing athletes aged > 18 years, with at least eight years of training experience, who successfully achieved national and international levels were included in this study. The elite athletes participating in the study were aged 24.43 ± 4.72 years, 14.45 ± 5.89 years of training experience, had a body weight of 74.64 ± 7.82 kg, and had a height of 177 ± 7.15 cm. Athletes who consumed any stimulants during the testing or supplementation phase, nutritional supplements, or steroids that may have affected hormone levels or sports performance in the last three months were excluded from this study. Venous blood samples were obtained, and cognitive performance tests (Stroop tests) were applied (i) immediately after high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), (ii) one hour after HIIE, (iii) immediately after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), and (iv) one hour after MICE. Serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels were measured after each session. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were significantly (F = 2.142, P < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.589) greater in the HIIE group (5.65 ± 1.79 ng/mL) than in the control group (1.24 ± 0.54 ng/mL) and MICE group (3.38 ± 1.29 ng/mL) for the samples obtained immediately after exercise. Serum S100B levels were significantly (F = 3.427, P < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.427) greater in the HIIE group (71.92 ± 23.05 ng/L) than in the control group (47.39 ± 15.78 ng/L), however there was no significant difference between the HIIE and MICE groups (59.62 ± 28.90 ng/L) in the samples obtained immediately after exercise. Serum NSE levels were significantly (F = 1.475, P < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.312) greater in the HIIE group (14.57 ± 2.52 ng/mL) than in the control group (9.51 ± 3.44 ng/ML mL), however there was no significant difference between the HIIE and MICE groups (59.62 ± 28.90 ng/L) in the samples obtained immediately after exercise. Compared with control groups, both HIIE and MICE improved cognitive performance demonstrated by the Stroop test results. Again, HIIE was superior to MICE in terms of Stroop task reaction time and error rate (incongruent task) scores. CONCLUSION HIIE and MICE have favorable effects on improving cognitive performance and neuroprotection in an athlete population. HIIE is considered to be superior to MICE in improving neuroprotection and cognitive performance. Our study has remarkable results demonstrating the benefits of HIIT on neuroprotection and cognitive performance. HIIE is recommended instead of MICE, especially in sports where cognitive performance is more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Buzdagli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Floor1 Room No:140, Yakutiye, Postal Code: 25500, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Baygutalp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Furkan Oget
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Raci Karayigit
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Yuce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Kan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil Ucar
- Winter Sports and Sports Sciences Institute, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Buzdağlı
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Floor1 Room No:140, Yakutiye, Postal Code: 25500, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ozan M, Buzdagli Y, Eyipinar CD, Baygutalp NK, Yüce N, Oget F, Kan E, Baygutalp F. Does Single or Combined Caffeine and Taurine Supplementation Improve Athletic and Cognitive Performance without Affecting Fatigue Level in Elite Boxers? A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204399. [PMID: 36297081 PMCID: PMC9610400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, the effect of single or combined intake of caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) on exercise performance was investigated. However, the potential synergistic effect on physical and cognitive performance after fatigue induced by anaerobic exercise is unknown. The effects of single and combination CAF and TAU supplementation on the Wingate test in elite male boxers and to evaluate balance, agility and cognitive performance after fatigue are being investigated for the first time in this study. Twenty elite male boxers 22.14 ± 1.42 years old were divided into four groups in this double-blind, randomized crossover study: CAF (6 mg/kg of caffeine), TAU (3 g single dose of taurine), CAF*TAU (co-ingestion of 3 g single dose of taurine and 6 mg/kg of caffeine) and PLA (300 mg maltodextrin). The findings are as follows: co-ingestion of CAF*TAU, improved peak (W/kg), average (W), minimum (W) power, time to reach (s), and RPE performances compared to the PLA group significantly (p < 0.05). Similarly, it was determined that a single dose of TAU, created a significant difference (p < 0.05) in peak power (W/kg), and average and minimum power (W) values compared to the CAF group. According to the balance and agility tests performed after the Wingate test, co-ingestion of CAF*TAU revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the PLA group. In terms of cognitive performance, co-ingestion of CAF*TAU significantly improved the neutral reaction time (ms) compared to the TAU, CAF and PLA groups. As a result, elite male boxers performed better in terms of agility, balance and cognitive function when they consumed a combination of 6 mg/kg CAF and 3 g TAU. It has been determined that the combined use of these supplements is more effective than their single use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Buzdagli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Cemre Didem Eyipinar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kılıç Baygutalp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Yüce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Furkan Oget
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Kan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
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Ozan M, Buzdağli Y, Baygutalp NK, Yüce N, Baygutalp F, Bakan E. Serum BDNF and Selenium Levels in Elite Athletes Exposed to Blows. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050608. [PMID: 35630025 PMCID: PMC9145651 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the combined acute and long-term effects of exposure to blows and exercise on serum BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and selenium levels. Materials and Methods: Serum BDNF and selenium levels were determined in 40 male elite athletes before and after vigorous exercise (training match) with a probability of exposure to blows and in 10 sedentary men subjected to exercise (Astrand running protocol). Results: Serum BDNF levels were found 11.50 ± 3.50 ng/mL before exercise and 14.02 ± 3.15 ng/mL after exercise in the athlete group (p = 0.02), and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/ mL and 11.74 ± 2.48 ng/ mL before and after exercise in the sedentary group, respectively (p = 0.873). Serum BDNF (pre-exercise, baseline) levels were slightly lower in the athlete group than those in the sedentary group (11.50 ± 3.50 and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.796). Pre-exercise serum selenium levels in athletes were significantly higher compared to those of sedentary participants (130.53 ± 36.79 and 95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L, respectively, p = 0.011). There was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (124.01 ± 29.96 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (130.53 ± 36.79 µg/L) in the athlete group (p = 0.386). Similarly, there was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (113.28 ± 25.51 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L) in the sedentary group (p = 0.251). Conclusions: BDNF results show that even if athletes are exposed to blows, they may be protected from the long-term effects of blows thanks to the protective effect of their non-sedentary lifestyle. Regular exercise may have a protective effect on maintaining serum selenium levels in athletes even exposed to blows chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Yusuf Buzdağli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Nurcan Kılıç Baygutalp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-442-2315231
| | - Neslihan Yüce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Ebubekir Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı 04100, Turkey;
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Ozan M, Göktürk S. Effect of ionic liquids as active pharmaceutical ingredients on the micellar binding of an amphiphilic drug trifluopromazine hydrochloride. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1674154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, General Chemistry Division, Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sinem Göktürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, General Chemistry Division, Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Audisio T, Pigini T, de Riutort SV, Schindler L, Ozan M, Tocalli C, Bertolotto P. Validity of the Papanicolaou Smear in the Diagnosis of Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and Bacterial Vaginosis. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2001; 5:223-5. [PMID: 17050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the validity of the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Pap smears we performed in 824 symptomatic patients. We compared Pap smear diagnoses with those obtained by standard microscopic examination and Gram stain of the exudate. RESULTS The sensitivity of the Pap smear for Candida spp. was 31%, 57% for BV, and 51% for T. vaginalis. The specificity for Candida was 98.5%, 94% for BV, and 97% for T. vaginalis. The PPV for Candida was 85%, 70% for BV, and 57%for T. vaginalis. The NPV for Candida was 84%, 90% for BV, and 97% for T. vaginalis. CONCLUSION The sensitivity of Pap smears for Candida spp., BV, and T. vaginalis is inadequate for screening. Pap smear that are positive for T. vaginalis could be used to complement the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Audisio
- *Study Group of the Lower Genital Tract Pathologies Foundation, Córdoba, Argentina †Córdoba National University School of Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy–Department of Probabilities and Statistics
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