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Glazyrin K, Khandarkhaeva S, Fedotenko T, Dong W, Laniel D, Seiboth F, Schropp A, Garrevoet J, Brückner D, Falkenberg G, Kubec A, David C, Wendt M, Wenz S, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Liermann HP. Sub-micrometer focusing setup for high-pressure crystallography at the Extreme Conditions beamline at PETRA III. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:654-663. [PMID: 35510998 PMCID: PMC9070721 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific tasks aimed at decoding and characterizing complex systems and processes at high pressures set new challenges for modern X-ray diffraction instrumentation in terms of X-ray flux, focal spot size and sample positioning. Presented here are new developments at the Extreme Conditions beamline (P02.2, PETRA III, DESY, Germany) that enable considerable improvements in data collection at very high pressures and small scattering volumes. In particular, the focusing of the X-ray beam to the sub-micrometer level is described, and control of the aberrations of the focusing compound refractive lenses is made possible with the implementation of a correcting phase plate. This device provides a significant enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio by conditioning the beam shape profile at the focal spot. A new sample alignment system with a small sphere of confusion enables single-crystal data collection from grains of micrometer to sub-micrometer dimensions subjected to pressures as high as 200 GPa. The combination of the technical development of the optical path and the sample alignment system contributes to research and gives benefits on various levels, including rapid and accurate diffraction mapping of samples with sub-micrometer resolution at multimegabar pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Glazyrin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Khandarkhaeva
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T. Fedotenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - W. Dong
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Laniel
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F. Seiboth
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Schropp
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Imaging Platform, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Kubec
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - C. David
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. Wendt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Wenz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - N. Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Campus Valla, Fysikhuset F310, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H.-P. Liermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Fedotenko T, Souza DS, Khandarkhaeva S, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N. Isothermal equation of state of crystalline and glassy materials from optical measurements in diamond anvil cells. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:063907. [PMID: 34243540 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a method to study the equation of state of opaque amorphous and crystalline materials in diamond anvil cells. The approach is based on measurements of sample dimensions using high-resolution optical microscopy. Data on the volumetric strain as a function of pressure allow deriving the isothermal equation of state of the studied material. The analysis of optical images is fully automatized and allows measuring the sample dimensions with the precision of about 60 nm. The methodology was validated by studying isothermal compression of ω-Ti up to 30 GPa in a Ne pressure transmitting medium. Within the accuracy of the measurements, the bulk modulus of ω-Ti determined using optical microscopy was similar to that obtained from x-ray diffraction. For glassy carbon compressed to ∼30 GPa, the previously unknown bulk modulus was found to be equal to K0 = 28 (2) GPa [K' = 5.5(5)].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fedotenko
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D S Souza
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Khandarkhaeva
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Koemets E, Leonov I, Bykov M, Bykova E, Chariton S, Aprilis G, Fedotenko T, Clément S, Rouquette J, Haines J, Cerantola V, Glazyrin K, McCammon C, Prakapenka VB, Hanfland M, Liermann HP, Svitlyk V, Torchio R, Rosa AD, Irifune T, Ponomareva AV, Abrikosov IA, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Revealing the Complex Nature of Bonding in the Binary High-Pressure Compound FeO_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:106001. [PMID: 33784165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme pressures and temperatures are known to drastically affect the chemistry of iron oxides, resulting in numerous compounds forming homologous series nFeOmFe_{2}O_{3} and the appearance of FeO_{2}. Here, based on the results of in situ single-crystal x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional theory+dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we demonstrate that iron in high-pressure cubic FeO_{2} and isostructural FeO_{2}H_{0.5} is ferric (Fe^{3+}), and oxygen has a formal valence less than 2. Reduction of oxygen valence from 2, common for oxides, down to 1.5 can be explained by a formation of a localized hole at oxygen sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koemets
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (UMR CNRS 5253), Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - I Leonov
- Institute of Metal Physics, Sofia Kovalevskaya Street 18, 620219 Yekaterinburg GSP-170, Russia
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, NUST "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - M Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Earth and Planets Laboratory, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - S Chariton
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - G Aprilis
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T Fedotenko
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Clément
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C)-UMR CNRS 5221, Université de Montpellier, CC069, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - J Rouquette
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (UMR CNRS 5253), Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Haines
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (UMR CNRS 5253), Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - V Cerantola
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Glazyrin
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C McCammon
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60437, USA
| | - M Hanfland
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - H-P Liermann
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Svitlyk
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - R Torchio
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A D Rosa
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - A V Ponomareva
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, NUST "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Abrikosov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Bykova E, Bykov M, Černok A, Tidholm J, Simak SI, Hellman O, Belov MP, Abrikosov IA, Liermann HP, Hanfland M, Prakapenka VB, Prescher C, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Metastable silica high pressure polymorphs as structural proxies of deep Earth silicate melts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4789. [PMID: 30442940 PMCID: PMC6237875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling of processes involving deep Earth liquids requires information on their structures and compression mechanisms. However, knowledge of the local structures of silicates and silica (SiO2) melts at deep mantle conditions and of their densification mechanisms is still limited. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of metastable high-pressure silica phases, coesite-IV and coesite-V, using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ab initio simulations. Their crystal structures are drastically different from any previously considered models, but explain well features of pair-distribution functions of highly densified silica glass and molten basalt at high pressure. Built of four, five-, and six-coordinated silicon, coesite-IV and coesite-V contain SiO6 octahedra, which, at odds with 3rd Pauling's rule, are connected through common faces. Our results suggest that possible silicate liquids in Earth's lower mantle may have complex structures making them more compressible than previously supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bykova
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - M Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Leninsky Avenue 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Černok
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - J Tidholm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S I Simak
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - O Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - M P Belov
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Leninsky Avenue 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Abrikosov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H-P Liermann
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - V B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - C Prescher
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 49b, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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5
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Bykov M, Bykova E, Aprilis G, Glazyrin K, Koemets E, Chuvashova I, Kupenko I, McCammon C, Mezouar M, Prakapenka V, Liermann HP, Tasnádi F, Ponomareva AV, Abrikosov IA, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2756. [PMID: 30013071 PMCID: PMC6048061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-nitrogen compounds have been considered as potential high energy density materials for a long time due to the large number of energetic N-N or N=N bonds. In most cases high nitrogen content and stability at ambient conditions are mutually exclusive, thereby making the synthesis of such materials challenging. One way to stabilize such compounds is the application of high pressure. Here, through a direct reaction between Fe and N2 in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, we synthesize three ironnitrogen compounds Fe3N2, FeN2 and FeN4. Their crystal structures are revealed by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Fe3N2, synthesized at 50 GPa, is isostructural to chromium carbide Cr3C2. FeN2 has a marcasite structure type and features covalently bonded dinitrogen units in its crystal structure. FeN4, synthesized at 106 GPa, features polymeric nitrogen chains of [N42-]n units. Based on results of structural studies and theoretical analysis, [N42-]n units in this compound reveal catena-poly[tetraz-1-ene-1,4-diyl] anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - E Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Aprilis
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - K Glazyrin
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Koemets
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - I Chuvashova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - I Kupenko
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - C McCammon
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - V Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60437, USA
| | - H-P Liermann
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Tasnádi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - A V Ponomareva
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - I A Abrikosov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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6
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Majumder M, Manna RS, Simutis G, Orain JC, Dey T, Freund F, Jesche A, Khasanov R, Biswas PK, Bykova E, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky LS, Yadav R, Hozoi L, Nishimoto S, Tsirlin AA, Gegenwart P. Breakdown of Magnetic Order in the Pressurized Kitaev Iridate β-Li_{2}IrO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:237202. [PMID: 29932706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.237202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-pressure phase diagram of the Kitaev hyperhoneycomb iridate β-Li_{2}IrO_{3} is explored using magnetization, thermal expansion, magnetostriction, and muon spin rotation measurements, as well as single-crystal x-ray diffraction under pressure and ab initio calculations. The Néel temperature of β-Li_{2}IrO_{3} increases with the slope of 0.9 K/GPa upon initial compression, but the reduction in the polarization field H_{c} reflects a growing instability of the incommensurate order. At 1.4 GPa, the ordered state breaks down upon a first-order transition, giving way to a new ground state marked by the coexistence of dynamically correlated and frozen spins. This partial freezing in the absence of any conspicuous structural defects may indicate the classical nature of the resulting pressure-induced spin liquid, an observation paralleled to the increase in the nearest-neighbor off-diagonal exchange Γ under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Majumder
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R S Manna
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, IIT Tirupati, Tirupati 517506, India
| | - G Simutis
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J C Orain
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Dey
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - F Freund
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Jesche
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - R Khasanov
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P K Biswas
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Bykova
- Laboratory of Crystallography, Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Laboratory of Crystallography, Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L S Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - R Yadav
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Hozoi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Nishimoto
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A A Tsirlin
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Gegenwart
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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Aprilis G, Strohm C, Kupenko I, Linhardt S, Laskin A, Vasiukov DM, Cerantola V, Koemets EG, McCammon C, Kurnosov A, Chumakov AI, Rüffer R, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Portable double-sided pulsed laser heating system for time-resolved geoscience and materials science applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:084501. [PMID: 28863683 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A portable double-sided pulsed laser heating system for diamond anvil cells has been developed that is able to stably produce laser pulses as short as a few microseconds with repetition frequencies up to 100 kHz. In situ temperature determination is possible by collecting and fitting the thermal radiation spectrum for a specific wavelength range (particularly, between 650 nm and 850 nm) to the Planck radiation function. Surface temperature information can also be time-resolved by using a gated detector that is synchronized with the laser pulse modulation and space-resolved with the implementation of a multi-point thermal radiation collection technique. The system can be easily coupled with equipment at synchrotron facilities, particularly for nuclear resonance spectroscopy experiments. Examples of applications include investigations of high-pressure high-temperature behavior of iron oxides, both in house and at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility using the synchrotron Mössbauer source and nuclear inelastic scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aprilis
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C Strohm
- Photon Science, DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Kupenko
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Linhardt
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Laskin
- AdlOptica Optical Systems GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D M Vasiukov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V Cerantola
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E G Koemets
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C McCammon
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Kurnosov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A I Chumakov
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - R Rüffer
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Materials Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Bykova E, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Bykov M, McCammon C, Ovsyannikov SV, Liermann HP, Kupenko I, Chumakov AI, Rüffer R, Hanfland M, Prakapenka V. Structural complexity of simple Fe2O3 at high pressures and temperatures. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10661. [PMID: 26864300 PMCID: PMC4753252 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemically very simple, Fe2O3 is known to undergo a series of enigmatic structural, electronic and magnetic transformations at high pressures and high temperatures. So far, these transformations have neither been correctly described nor understood because of the lack of structural data. Here we report a systematic investigation of the behaviour of Fe2O3 at pressures over 100 GPa and temperatures above 2,500 K employing single crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy. Crystal chemical analysis of structures presented here and known Fe(II, III) oxides shows their fundamental relationships and that they can be described by the homologous series nFeO·mFe2O3. Decomposition of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 observed at pressures above 60 GPa and temperatures of 2,000 K leads to crystallization of unusual Fe5O7 and Fe25O32 phases with release of oxygen. Our findings suggest that mixed-valence iron oxides may play a significant role in oxygen cycling between earth reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C McCammon
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S V Ovsyannikov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - H-P Liermann
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Kupenko
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - A I Chumakov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - R Rüffer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - M Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - V Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Illinois, Argonne 60437, USA
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9
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Bykova E, Gou H, Bykov M, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N. Crystal structures and compressibility of novel iron borides Fe2B7 and Fe B50 synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Millot M, Dubrovinskaia N, Černok A, Blaha S, Dubrovinsky L, Braun DG, Celliers PM, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Jeanloz R. Planetary science. Shock compression of stishovite and melting of silica at planetary interior conditions. Science 2015; 347:418-20. [PMID: 25613887 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deep inside planets, extreme density, pressure, and temperature strongly modify the properties of the constituent materials. In particular, how much heat solids can sustain before melting under pressure is key to determining a planet's internal structure and evolution. We report laser-driven shock experiments on fused silica, α-quartz, and stishovite yielding equation-of-state and electronic conductivity data at unprecedented conditions and showing that the melting temperature of SiO2 rises to 8300 K at a pressure of 500 gigapascals, comparable to the core-mantle boundary conditions for a 5-Earth mass super-Earth. We show that mantle silicates and core metal have comparable melting temperatures above 500 to 700 gigapascals, which could favor long-lived magma oceans for large terrestrial planets with implications for planetary magnetic-field generation in silicate magma layers deep inside such planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Černok
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Blaha
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D G Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - R Jeanloz
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Chumakov AI, Monaco G, Fontana A, Bosak A, Hermann RP, Bessas D, Wehinger B, Crichton WA, Krisch M, Rüffer R, Baldi G, Carini G, Carini G, D'Angelo G, Gilioli E, Tripodo G, Zanatta M, Winkler B, Milman V, Refson K, Dove MT, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Keding R, Yue YZ. Role of disorder in the thermodynamics and atomic dynamics of glasses. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:025502. [PMID: 24484025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.025502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We measured the density of vibrational states (DOS) and the specific heat of various glassy and crystalline polymorphs of SiO2. The typical (ambient) glass shows a well-known excess of specific heat relative to the typical crystal (α-quartz). This, however, holds when comparing a lower-density glass to a higher-density crystal. For glassy and crystalline polymorphs with matched densities, the DOS of the glass appears as the smoothed counterpart of the DOS of the corresponding crystal; it reveals the same number of the excess states relative to the Debye model, the same number of all states in the low-energy region, and it provides the same specific heat. This shows that glasses have higher specific heat than crystals not due to disorder, but because the typical glass has lower density than the typical crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Chumakov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G Monaco
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Fontana
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy and IPCF-CNR, UOS di Roma, c/o Roma University La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Bosak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - R P Hermann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany and Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - D Bessas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany and Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - B Wehinger
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - W A Crichton
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - M Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - R Rüffer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G Baldi
- IMEM-CNR, Area delle Scienze, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - G Carini
- IPCF-CNR, UOS di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - G Carini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - E Gilioli
- IMEM-CNR, Area delle Scienze, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - G Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - M Zanatta
- IPCF-CNR, UOS di Roma, c/o Roma University La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-60123 Perugia, Italy
| | - B Winkler
- Geowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - V Milman
- Accelrys, 334 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WN, United Kingdom
| | - K Refson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M T Dove
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - R Keding
- Max Planck Institut for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Z Yue
- Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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12
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Dubrovinsky L, Bykova E, Glazyrin K, Ballaran TB, McCammon C, Kantor A, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Chumakov A, Dubrovinskaia N. Crystal chemistry of silicate perovskite and postperovskite from in situsingle-crystal X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731309884x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Kupenko I, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, McCammon C, Glazyrin K, Bykova E, Boffa Ballaran T, Sinmyo R, Chumakov AI, Potapkin V, Kantor A, Rüffer R, Hanfland M, Crichton W, Merlini M. Portable double-sided laser-heating system for Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction experiments at synchrotron facilities with diamond anvil cells. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:124501. [PMID: 23278006 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with laser heating is a major method for studying materials statically at multimegabar pressures and at high temperatures. Recent progress in experimental techniques, especially in high-pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction, requires portable laser heating systems which are able to heat and move the DAC during data collection. We have developed a double-sided laser heating system for DACs which can be mounted within a rather small (~0.1 m(2)) area and has a weight of ~12 kg. The system is easily transferable between different in-house or synchrotron facilities and can be assembled and set up within a few hours. The system was successfully tested at the High Pressure Station of White Beam (ID09a) and Nuclear Resonance (ID18) beamlines of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We demonstrate examples of application of the system to a single crystal X-ray diffraction investigation of (Mg(0.87),Fe(3+) (0.09),Fe(2+) (0.04))(Si(0.89),Al(0.11))O(3) perovskite (ID09a) and a Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS) study of (Mg(0.8)Fe(0.2))O ferropericlase (ID18).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kupenko
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Kantor I, Prakapenka V, Kantor A, Dera P, Kurnosov A, Sinogeikin S, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. BX90: a new diamond anvil cell design for X-ray diffraction and optical measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:125102. [PMID: 23278021 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a new design of a universal diamond anvil cell, suitable for different kinds of experimental studies under high pressures. Main features of the cell are an ultimate 90-degrees symmetrical axial opening and high stability, making the presented cell design suitable for a whole range of techniques from optical absorption to single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, also in combination with external resistive or double-side laser heating. Three examples of the cell applications are provided: a Brillouin scattering of neon, single-crystal X-ray diffraction of α-Cr(2)O(3), and resistivity measurements on the (Mg(0.60)Fe(0.40))(Si(0.63)Al(0.37))O(3) silicate perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kantor
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, BP 220, France
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15
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Ivanova A, Makarova I, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Chitra R. Study of pressure-induced structural transformations in bis(glycinium)oxalate. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731209589x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, Boffa-Ballaran T, Bykova E, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Dubrovinskaia N. Crystal chemistry of Fe,Al-bearing silicate perovskites at high pressures and temperatures. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731209530x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Mondal S, van Smaalen S, Schönleber A, Filinchuk Y, Chernyshov D, Simak SI, Mikhaylushkin AS, Abrikosov IA, Zarechnaya EY, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N. Electron-deficient and polycenter bonds in γ-B 28. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Glazyrin K, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Pippenger T. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767310097941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Dubrovinskaia N, Zarechnaya EY, Caracas R, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Filinchuk Y, Chernyshov D, Dmitriev V, Dubrovinsky L. Pressure-induced isostructural phase transformation in γ-B 28. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767310096091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, McCammon C, Narygina O, Greenberg E, Ubelhack S, Chumakov AI, Pascarelli S, Prakapenka V, Bock J, Dubrovinskaia N. Portable laser-heating system for diamond anvil cells. J Synchrotron Radiat 2009; 16:737-741. [PMID: 19844007 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with laser heating has become the most successful method for studying materials in the multimegabar pressure range at high temperatures. However, so far all DAC laser-heating systems have been stationary: they are linked either to certain equipment or to a beamline. Here, a portable laser-heating system for DACs has been developed which can be moved between various analytical facilities, including transfer from in-house to a synchrotron or between synchrotron beamlines. Application of the system is demonstrated in an example of nuclear inelastic scattering measurements of ferropericlase (Mg(0.88)Fe(0.12))O and h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) alloy, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of (Mg(0.85)Fe(0.15))SiO(3) majorite at high pressures and temperatures. Our results indicate that sound velocities of h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) at pressures up to 50 GPa and high temperatures do not follow a linear relation with density.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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21
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Zarechnaya EY, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Filinchuk Y, Chernyshov D, Dmitriev V, Miyajima N, El Goresy A, Braun HF, Van Smaalen S, Kantor I, Kantor A, Prakapenka V, Hanfland M, Mikhaylushkin AS, Abrikosov IA, Simak SI. Superhard semiconducting optically transparent high pressure phase of boron. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:185501. [PMID: 19518885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.185501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An orthorhombic (space group Pnnm) boron phase was synthesized at pressures above 9 GPa and high temperature, and it was demonstrated to be stable at least up to 30 GPa. The structure, determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, consists of B12 icosahedra and B2 dumbbells. The charge density distribution obtained from experimental data and ab initio calculations suggests covalent chemical bonding in this phase. Strong covalent interatomic interactions explain the low compressibility value (bulk modulus is K300=227 GPa) and high hardness of high-pressure boron (Vickers hardness HV=58 GPa), after diamond the second hardest elemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Zarechnaya
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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22
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Dubrovinskaia N, Wirth R, Wosnitza J, Papageorgiou T, Braun HF, Miyajima N, Dubrovinsky L. An insight into what superconducts in polycrystalline boron-doped diamonds based on investigations of microstructure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11619-22. [PMID: 18697937 PMCID: PMC2575309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801520105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of superconductivity in polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) synthesized under high pressure and high temperatures [Ekimov, et al. (2004) Nature 428:542-545] has raised a number of questions on the origin of the superconducting state. It was suggested that the heavy boron doping of diamond eventually leads to superconductivity. To justify such statements more detailed information on the microstructure of the composite materials and on the exact boron content in the diamond grains is needed. For that we used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. For the studied superconducting BDD samples synthesized at high pressures and high temperatures the diamond grain sizes are approximately 1-2 mum with a boron content between 0.2 (2) and 0.5 (1) at %. The grains are separated by 10- to 20-nm-thick layers and triangular-shaped pockets of predominantly (at least 95 at %) amorphous boron. These results render superconductivity caused by the heavy boron doping in diamond highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Dubrovinskaia
- Mineralphysik und Strukturforschung, Mineralogisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Kristallographie
| | - R. Wirth
- GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Experimental Geochemistry and Mineral Physics, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; and
| | - J. Wosnitza
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Papageorgiou
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - N. Miyajima
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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23
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Mikhaylushkin AS, Simak SI, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Johansson B, Abrikosov IA. Pure iron compressed and heated to extreme conditions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:165505. [PMID: 17995267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.165505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The results of a first-principles study supported by the temperature-quenched laser-heated diamond anvil-cell experiments on the high-pressure high-temperature structural behavior of pure iron are reported. We show that in contrast to the widely accepted picture, the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase becomes as stable as the hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) phase at pressures around 300-360 GPa and temperatures around 5000-6000 K. Our temperature-quenched experiments indicate that the fcc phase of iron can exist in the pressure-temperature region above 160 GPa and 3700 K, respectively. This, in particular, means that the actual structure of the Earth's core may be a complex phase with a large number of stacking faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Mikhaylushkin
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Narygina O, Kantor I, Kuznetzov A, Prakapenka VB, Vitos L, Johansson B, Mikhaylushkin AS, Simak SI, Abrikosov IA. Body-Centered Cubic Iron-Nickel Alloy in Earth's Core. Science 2007; 316:1880-3. [PMID: 17600212 DOI: 10.1126/science.1142105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cosmochemical, geochemical, and geophysical studies provide evidence that Earth's core contains iron with substantial (5 to 15%) amounts of nickel. The iron-nickel alloy Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) has been studied in situ by means of angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction in internally heated diamond anvil cells (DACs), and its resistance has been measured as a function of pressure and temperature. At pressures above 225 gigapascals and temperatures over 3400 kelvin, Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) adopts a body-centered cubic structure. Our experimental and theoretical results not only support the interpretation of shockwave data on pure iron as showing a solid-solid phase transition above about 200 gigapascals, but also suggest that iron alloys with geochemically reasonable compositions (that is, with substantial nickel, sulfur, or silicon content) adopt the bcc structure in Earth's inner core.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Crichton WA, Mikhaylushkin AS, Simak SI, Abrikosov IA, de Almeida JS, Ahuja R, Luo W, Johansson B. Noblest of all metals is structurally unstable at high pressure. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:045503. [PMID: 17358786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.045503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In a series of experiments in externally electrically heated diamond anvil cells we demonstrate that at pressures above approximately 240 GPa gold adopts a hexagonal-close-packed structure. Ab initio calculations predict that at pressures about 250 GPa different stacking sequences of close-packed atomic layers in gold become virtually degenerate in energy, strongly supporting the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Kantor A, Dubrovinsky L, Kantor I, Kurnosov A, Kuznetsov A, Dubrovinskaia N, Krisch M. Sound wave velocities of Fe-Ni alloy at high pressure and temperature. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767306094839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Kantor I, Crichton WA, Dmitriev V, Prakapenka V, Shen G, Vitos L, Ahuja R, Johansson B, Abrikosov IA. Beating the miscibility barrier between iron group elements and magnesium by high-pressure alloying. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:245502. [PMID: 16384393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.245502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron and magnesium are almost immiscible at ambient pressure. The low solubility of Mg in Fe is due to a very large size mismatch between the alloy components. However, the compressibility of Mg is much higher than that of Fe, and therefore the difference in atomic sizes between elements decreases dramatically with pressure. Based on the predictions of ab initio calculations, we demonstrate in a series of experiments in a multianvil apparatus and in electrically and laser-heated diamond anvil cells that high pressure promotes solubility of magnesium in iron. At the megabar pressure range, more than 10 at. % of Mg can dissolve in Fe and then the alloy can be quenched to ambient conditions. A generality of the concept of high-pressure alloying between immiscible elements is demonstrated by its application to two other Fe group elements, Co and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dubrovinskaia
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Brazhkin V, Dubrovinskaia N, Nicol M, Novikov N, Riedel R, Solozhenko V, Zhao Y. What does 'harder than diamond' mean? Nat Mater 2004; 3:576-577. [PMID: 15343282 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Crystallography at extreme conditions: state of the art. Acta Crystallogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767304098241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Langenhorst F, Dobson D, Rubie D, Gessmann C, Abrikosov IA, Johansson B, Baykov VI, Vitos L, Le Bihan T, Crichton WA, Dmitriev V, Weber HP. Iron-silica interaction at extreme conditions and the electrically conducting layer at the base of Earth's mantle. Nature 2003; 422:58-61. [PMID: 12621431 DOI: 10.1038/nature01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2002] [Accepted: 01/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The boundary between the Earth's metallic core and its silicate mantle is characterized by strong lateral heterogeneity and sharp changes in density, seismic wave velocities, electrical conductivity and chemical composition. To investigate the composition and properties of the lowermost mantle, an understanding of the chemical reactions that take place between liquid iron and the complex Mg-Fe-Si-Al-oxides of the Earth's lower mantle is first required. Here we present a study of the interaction between iron and silica (SiO2) in electrically and laser-heated diamond anvil cells. In a multianvil apparatus at pressures up to 140 GPa and temperatures over 3,800 K we simulate conditions down to the core-mantle boundary. At high temperature and pressures below 40 GPa, iron and silica react to form iron oxide and an iron-silicon alloy, with up to 5 wt% silicon. At pressures of 85-140 GPa, however, iron and SiO2 do not react and iron-silicon alloys dissociate into almost pure iron and a CsCl-structured (B2) FeSi compound. Our experiments suggest that a metallic silicon-rich B2 phase, produced at the core-mantle boundary (owing to reactions between iron and silicate), could accumulate at the boundary between the mantle and core and explain the anomalously high electrical conductivity of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Dubrovinsky L, Annersten H, Dubrovinskaia N, Westman F, Harryson H, Fabrichnaya O, Carlson S. Chemical interaction of Fe and Al(2)O3 as a source of heterogeneity at the Earth's core-mantle boundary. Nature 2001; 412:527-9. [PMID: 11484050 DOI: 10.1038/35087559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Seismological studies have revealed that a complex texture or heterogeneity exists in the Earth's inner core and at the boundary between core and mantle. These studies highlight the importance of understanding the properties of iron when modelling the composition and dynamics of the core and the interaction of the core with the lowermost mantle. One of the main problems in inferring the composition of the lowermost mantle is our lack of knowledge of the high-pressure and high-temperature chemical reactions that occur between iron and the complex Mg-Fe-Si-Al-oxides which are thought to form the bulk of the Earth's lower mantle. A number of studies have demonstrated that iron can react with MgSiO3-perovskite at high pressures and high temperatures, and it was proposed that the chemical nature of this process involves the reduction of silicon by the more electropositive iron. Here we present a study of the interaction between iron and corundum (Al(2)O3) in electrically- and laser-heated diamond anvil cells at 2,000-2,200 K and pressures up to 70 GPa, simulating conditions in the Earth's deep interior. We found that at pressures above 60 GPa and temperatures of 2,200 K, iron and corundum react to form iron oxide and an iron-aluminium alloy. Our results demonstrate that iron is able to reduce aluminium out of oxides at core-mantle boundary conditions, which could provide an additional source of light elements in the Earth's core and produce significant heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, S-753 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Abrikosov IA, Vennström M, Westman F, Carlson S, van Schilfgaarde M, Johansson B. Pressure-induced Invar effect in Fe-Ni alloys. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4851-4854. [PMID: 11384364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the pressure-volume (P-V) relations for cubic iron-nickel alloys for three different compositions: Fe 0.64Ni (0.36), Fe 0.55Ni (0.45), and Fe 0.20Ni (0.80). It is observed that for a certain pressure range the bulk modulus does not change or can even decrease to some minimum value, after which it begins to increase under still higher pressure. In our experiment, we observe for the first time a new effect, namely, that the Fe-Ni alloys with high Ni concentrations, which show positive thermal expansion at ambient pressure, become Invar system upon compression over a certain pressure range.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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