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Gómez-Guzmán JM, Holm E, Niagolova N, López-Gutiérrez JM, Pinto-Gómez AR, Abril JA, García-León M. Influence of releases of (129)I and (137)Cs from European reprocessing facilities in Fucus vesiculosus and seawater from the Kattegat and Skagerrak areas. Chemosphere 2014; 108:76-84. [PMID: 24875915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
(129)I is a very long-lived radionuclide (T1/2=15.7×10(6) years) that is present in the environment because of natural and anthropogenic sources. Compared to the pre-nuclear era, large amounts of (129)I have been released to the marine environment, especially as liquid and gaseous discharges from two European reprocessing facilities located at Sellafield (England) and La Hague (France). The marine environment, i.e., the oceans, is the major source of iodine. Brown seaweed accumulates iodine at high levels up to 1.0% of dry weigh, and therefore they are ideal bioindicators for studying levels of (129)I. In this work, (129)I concentrations have been determined in seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and seawater collected in the Kattegat and Skagerrak areas in July 2007. The resulting data were evaluated in terms of (129)I concentrations and (129)I/(137)Cs ratios. (129)I concentrations were found to be in the order of (44-575)×10(9) atoms g(-1) in seaweed and (5.4-51)×10(9) atoms g(-1) in seawater, with an enhancement in the Skagerrak area in comparison to the Kattegat area. Iodine-129 concentrations in both seaweed and seawater were used to determine the concentration factor of iodine in brown seaweed F. vesiculosus. The high levels of (129)I and (129)I/(137)Cs ratios in the Skagerrak area and their gradually decreasing trend to the Kattegat indicates that the most important contribution to the (129)I inventory in those areas comes from Sellafield and La Hague reprocessing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Gómez-Guzmán
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain; Dpto. de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, University of Seville, Spain.
| | - E Holm
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | - N Niagolova
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - J M López-Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain; Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, University of Seville, Spain
| | - A R Pinto-Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - J A Abril
- Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, University of Seville, Spain
| | - M García-León
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain; Dpto. de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, University of Seville, Spain
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Ranebo Y, Niagolova N, Erdmann N, Eriksson M, Tamborini G, Betti M. Production and Characterization of Monodisperse Plutonium, Uranium, and Mixed Uranium−Plutonium Particles for Nuclear Safeguard Applications. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4055-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9029295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ranebo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - N. Niagolova
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - N. Erdmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - M. Eriksson
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - G. Tamborini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - M. Betti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, DE-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany, and IAEA-MEL, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
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