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Cetinbas NM, Catcott KC, Monnell T, Soomer-James J, Bentley K, Clardy S, Du B, Kelleher E, Protopopova M, Stevenson C, Thomas JD, Uttard A, Toader D, Duvall J, Bukhalid R, Damelin M, Lowinger TB. Abstract 2114: Tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist antibody-drug conjugates achieve potent anti-tumor activity by delivering STING agonist specifically to tumor cells andFcγRI-expressing subset of myeloid cells. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
STING pathway agonism has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. We have previously shown that tumor cell-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) carrying a novel STING agonist induce anti-tumor activity without causing substantial elevations in systemic cytokine levels, thus suggesting a therapeutic advantage of STING agonist ADCs relative to unconjugated agonists. ADCs constitute a proven therapeutic modality that is ideally suited to enable systemic administration and delivery of the conjugated drug to desired cell types within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to delivering STING agonist into the antigen-expressing tumor cells, antigen-bound ADCs deliver STING agonist to tumor-resident myeloid cells through Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated internalization. In this study we investigated the mechanism of FcγR-mediated internalization of the tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist ADCs into myeloid cells and the nature of the subsequent STING pathway activation. We developed flow cytometry-based assays to determine the changes in FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII cell surface detection levels in the presence of ADCs specifically designed to be either proficient or deficient in FcγR-binding. Combined with functional assays based on co-culture of cancer cells and FcγRI knock out myeloid cells, we identified FcγRI as the major Fcγ receptor that mediates target-bound ADC internalization into myeloid cells in vitro. Even though FcγRI is expressed only by a subset of CD11b+ myeloid cells, tumor cell-targeted ADCs induce greater production of interferons and other cytokines and more potent cancer cell killing than CD11b-targeted-ADCs, which deliver STING agonist into FcγRI- (non-productive) as well as FcγRI+ (productive) myeloid cells. Finally, we demonstrate that myeloid cells within dissociated primary human tumors from multiple donors express FcγRI and are capable of tumor cell killing in response to tumor cell-targeted STING agonist ADCs in vitro. In summary, our data indicate that the ADC-mediated delivery of a STING agonist specifically into FcγRI-expressing myeloid cells efficiently activates innate immune responses in the most relevant immune cell types within the tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: Naniye Malli Cetinbas, Kalli C. Catcott, Travis Monnell, Jahna Soomer-James, Keith Bentley, Susan Clardy, Bingfan Du, Eoin Kelleher, Marina Protopopova, Cheri Stevenson, Joshua D. Thomas, Alex Uttard, Dorin Toader, Jeremy Duvall, Raghida Bukhalid, Marc Damelin, Timothy B. Lowinger. Tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist antibody-drug conjugates achieve potent anti-tumor activity by delivering STING agonist specifically to tumor cells andFcγRI-expressing subset of myeloid cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2114.
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Cetinbas NM, Monnell T, Catcott K, Lee W, Shaw P, Slocum K, Avocetien K, Bentley K, Clardy S, Jones B, Kelleher E, Mosher R, Thomas JD, Toader D, Duvall J, Bukhalid RA, Damelin M, Lowinger TB. Abstract 1773: Tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway activation leads to robust induction of Type III Interferons and contributes to the anti-tumor activity elicited by STING agonism. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
STING pathway plays a critical role in inducing anti-tumor immunity by upregulating Type 1 Interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes within the tumor microenvironment in response to cytosolic nucleic acid ligands. Therefore, the STING pathway agonism has emerged as a potential therapeutic mechanism to stimulate an anti-tumor innate immune response. Intratumorally injected free STING-agonists that are currently being evaluated in the clinic by others have shown limited effects in non-injected lesions. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a proven therapeutic modality that enables tumor-targeted drug delivery with systemic administration. We have previously demonstrated that the tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway is activated in the presence of cues from immune cells and contributes to the anti-tumor activity of tumor cell-targeted Immunosynthen STING-agonist ADCs, in which a STING-agonist payload is conjugated to a tumor cell-targeting antibody. Here we investigated the nature of the STING pathway activation in tumor cells and its contribution to the anti-tumor activity elicited by STING agonism. Leveraging ADCs with a wild type (wt) or mutant Fc (deficient in Fcγ receptor -FcγR- binding), we delivered a STING-agonist simultaneously to tumor-resident immune and cancer cells or only to cancer cells through FcγR-mediated and/or tumor antigen-mediated ADC internalization. We utilized these ADCs in in vivo human tumor xenograft models and STING wt or knock out (ko) cancer cell:immune cell co-cultures and evaluated gene expression, cytokine production, and anti-tumor activities induced by STING-agonist ADCs. Surprisingly, Nanostring analysis of the human tumor xenografts from mice treated with tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist ADCs revealed human tumor cell-specific activation of Type III IFNs. In human cancer cell:immune cell co-cultures, treatment with tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist ADCs also led to marked upregulation of Type III IFNs, which was significantly reduced in STING ko cancer cell:immune cell co-cultures, suggesting that the cancer cells may contribute majority of the Type III IFNs downstream of STING pathway activation. Blocking Type III IFNs with neutralizing antibodies in cancer cell:immune cell co-cultures inhibited the production of key cytokines, including Type I IFN, and nearly abolished tumor cell-killing in response to STING-agonist ADC treatment, indicating that the Type III IFNs play an important role in the anti-tumor activity induced by STING activation. These studies reveal a previously underappreciated mechanism of STING agonist anti-tumor activity. The ability of tumor cell-targeted STING-agonist ADCs to activate STING in both tumor cells and in tumor-resident immune cells may represent a significant therapeutic advantage of an Immunosynthen ADC approach to STING agonism.
Citation Format: Naniye Malli Cetinbas, Travis Monnell, Kalli Catcott, Winnie Lee, Pamela Shaw, Kelly Slocum, Kenneth Avocetien, Keith Bentley, Susan Clardy, Brian Jones, Eoin Kelleher, Rebecca Mosher, Joshua D. Thomas, Dorin Toader, Jeremy Duvall, Raghida A. Bukhalid, Marc Damelin, Timothy B. Lowinger. Tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway activation leads to robust induction of Type III Interferons and contributes to the anti-tumor activity elicited by STING agonism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1773.
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3
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Bukhalid RA, Duvall JR, Cetinbas NM, Catcott KC, Avocetien K, Bentley KW, Bradley S, Carter T, Chin CN, Clardy S, Collins SD, Eitas T, Jones BD, Kelleher EW, Mosher R, Nazzaro M, Protopopova M, Shaw P, Slocum K, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Qin L, Thomas JD, Xu L, Yang L, Zurita J, Toader D, Damelin M, Lowinger TB. Abstract 6706: Systemic administration of STING agonist antibody-drug conjugates elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses with minimal induction of circulating cytokines. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
STING pathway agonism has emerged as a potential therapeutic mechanism to stimulate an innate anti-tumor immune response. While in principle systemic administration of a STING agonist would have many therapeutic benefits, including the delivery of STING to all tumor lesions, such an approach may be limited by toxicity. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a proven therapeutic modality that is ideally suited to enable systemic administration without associated toxicity concerns via a targeted delivery strategy. Herein, we demonstrate that systemically administered STING agonist ADCs have greater anti-tumor activity as well as greatly improved tolerability compared to an intravenously (IV) administered, unconjugated (free) agonist. We generated novel STING agonist ADCs by leveraging our Immunosynthen platform, in which the chemical scaffold for bioconjugation is optimized for the STING agonist, resulting in an ADC that has desirable physicochemical and drug-like properties. We have studied the in vitro activity and mechanism of action of STING agonist ADCs in monoculture and co-culture systems. STING agonist ADCs were at least 100-fold more potent in inducing interferon and cytokines as well as tumor cell-killing relative to free agonist. STING agonist ADCs against several targets (antigens) have been evaluated for anti-tumor activity and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties in multiple xenograft and syngeneic models. A single administration of STING agonist ADC resulted in target-dependent, durable, and complete regressions. Importantly, the STING agonist ADC led to an increase in tumor-localized inflammatory cytokines and significant immune cell infiltration, while levels of systemic cytokines remained low. In contrast, IV administered free agonist induced up to 100-fold higher levels of systemic cytokines with concomitant body weight loss but only modest tumor growth delay. In summary, Immunosynthen represents a novel STING agonist ADC platform. We have demonstrated target-dependent anti-tumor immune responses in vitro and in vivo for multiple targets, tumor models, and mouse strains. In each case the STING agonist ADC was more active and better tolerated than the IV administered free agonist.
Citation Format: Raghida A. Bukhalid, Jeremy R. Duvall, Naniye Malli Cetinbas, Kalli C. Catcott, Kenneth Avocetien, Keith W. Bentley, Stephen Bradley, Tyler Carter, Chen-Ni Chin, Susan Clardy, Scott D. Collins, Timothy Eitas, Brian D. Jones, Eugene W. Kelleher, Rebecca Mosher, Mark Nazzaro, Marina Protopopova, Pamela Shaw, Kelly Slocum, Elena Ter-Ovanesyan, LiuLiang Qin, Joshua D. Thomas, Ling Xu, Liping Yang, Jeffrey Zurita, Dorin Toader, Marc Damelin, Timothy B. Lowinger. Systemic administration of STING agonist antibody-drug conjugates elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses with minimal induction of circulating cytokines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6706.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Xu
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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4
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Tognon CE, Rafn B, Cetinbas NM, Kamura T, Trigo G, Rotblat B, Okumura F, Matsumoto M, Chow C, Davare M, Pollak M, Mayor T, Sorensen PH. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor stabilizes the ETV6-NTRK3 chimeric oncoprotein by blocking its KPC1/Rnf123-mediated proteasomal degradation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12502-12515. [PMID: 29903916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oncogenes, including chimeric oncoproteins, require insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) for promoting cell transformation. The ETS variant 6 (ETV6)-neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) (EN) chimeric tyrosine kinase is expressed in mesenchymal, epithelial, and hematopoietic cancers and requires the IGF1R axis for transformation. However, current models of IGF1R-mediated EN activation are lacking mechanistic detail. We demonstrate here that IGF-mediated IGF1R stimulation enhances EN tyrosine phosphorylation and that blocking IGF1R activity or decreasing protein levels of the adaptor protein insulin receptor substrate 1/2 (IRS1/2) results in rapid EN degradation. This was observed both in vitro and in vivo in fibroblast and breast epithelial cell line models and in MO91, an EN-expressing human leukemia cell line. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based MS analysis identified the E3 ligase RING-finger protein 123 (Rnf123, more commonly known as KPC1) as an EN interactor upon IGF1R/insulin receptor (INSR) inhibitor treatment. KPC1/Rnf123 ubiquitylated EN in vitro, and its overexpression decreased EN protein levels. In contrast, KPC1/Rnf123 knockdown rendered EN resistant to IGF1R inhibitor-mediated degradation. These results support a critical function for IGF1R in protecting EN from KPC1/Rnf123-mediated proteasomal degradation. Attempts to therapeutically target oncogenic chimeric tyrosine kinases have traditionally focused on blocking kinase activity to restrict downstream activation of essential signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that IGF1R inhibition results in rapid ubiquitylation and degradation of the EN oncoprotein through a proteasome-dependent mechanism that is reversible, highlighting a potential strategy for targeting chimeric tyrosine kinases in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Bo Rafn
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Takumi Kamura
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 812-8582
| | - Genny Trigo
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Barak Rotblat
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Fumihiko Okumura
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 812-8582
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 812-8582
| | - Christine Chow
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Monika Davare
- the Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, and
| | - Michael Pollak
- the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research SMBD, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada,
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5
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Roper J, Tammela T, Cetinbas NM, Akkad A, Roghanian A, Rickelt S, Almeqdadi M, Wu K, Oberli M, Sánchez-Rivera F, Park Y, Liang X, Eng G, Taylor MS, Azimi R, Kedrin D, Neupane R, Beyaz S, Sicinska ET, Suarez Y, Yoo J, Chen L, Zukerberg L, Katajisto P, Deshpande V, Bass A, Tsichlis PN, Lees J, Langer R, Hynes RO, Chen J, Bhutkar AJ, Jacks T, Yilmaz ÖH. Abstract B38: In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mousemodels17-b38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In vivo interrogation of the function of genes implicated in tumorigenesis is limited by the need to generate and cross germline mutant mice. Here we describe approaches to model colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis that rely on in situ gene editing and orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice without cancer-predisposing mutations. Autochthonous tumor formation is induced by CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of the Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressor genes in colon epithelial cells and by orthotopic transplantation of Apc-edited colon organoids. ApcΔ/Δ;KrasG12D/+;Trp53Δ/Δ (AKP) mouse colon organoids and human CRC organoids engraft in the distal colon and metastasize to the liver. Finally, we apply the orthotopic transplantation model to characterize the clonal dynamics of Lgr5+ stem cells and demonstrate sequential activation of an oncogene in established colon adenomas. These experimental systems enable rapid in vivo characterization of cancer-associated genes and reproduce the entire spectrum of tumor progression and metastasis.
Citation Format: Jatin Roper, Tuomas Tammela, Naniye Malli Cetinbas, Adam Akkad, Ali Roghanian, Steffen Rickelt, Mohammad Almeqdadi, Katherine Wu, Matthias Oberli, Francisco Sánchez-Rivera, Yoona Park, Xu Liang, George Eng, Martin S. Taylor, Roxana Azimi, Dmitriy Kedrin, Rachit Neupane, Semir Beyaz, Ewa T. Sicinska, Yvelisse Suarez, James Yoo, Lillian Chen, Lawrence Zukerberg, Pekka Katajisto, Vikram Deshpande, Adam Bass, Philip N. Tsichlis, Jacqueline Lees, Robert Langer, Richard O. Hynes, Jianzhu Chen, Arjun J. Bhutkar, Tyler Jacks, Ömer H. Yilmaz. In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- 1Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA,
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | - Adam Akkad
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Ali Roghanian
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 3University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom,
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Katherine Wu
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Matthias Oberli
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | - Yoona Park
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Xu Liang
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - George Eng
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Roxana Azimi
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Rachit Neupane
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Semir Beyaz
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pekka Katajisto
- 6University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
- 8Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Adam Bass
- 5Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Jacqueline Lees
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Robert Langer
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Richard O. Hynes
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Arjun J. Bhutkar
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Tyler Jacks
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 7Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- 2The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA,
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,
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Hu B, Jin C, Li HB, Tong J, Ouyang X, Cetinbas NM, Zhu S, Strowig T, Lam FC, Zhao C, Henao-Mejia J, Yilmaz O, Fitzgerald KA, Eisenbarth SC, Elinav E, Flavell RA. The DNA-sensing AIM2 inflammasome controls radiation-induced cell death and tissue injury. Science 2017; 354:765-768. [PMID: 27846608 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to ionizing radiation induces massive cell death and severe damage to tissues containing actively proliferating cells, including bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology remain controversial. Here, we show that mice deficient in the double-stranded DNA sensor AIM2 are protected from both subtotal body irradiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome and total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic failure. AIM2 mediates the caspase-1-dependent death of intestinal epithelial cells and bone marrow cells in response to double-strand DNA breaks caused by ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. Mechanistically, we found that AIM2 senses radiation-induced DNA damage in the nucleus to mediate inflammasome activation and cell death. Our results suggest that AIM2 may be a new therapeutic target for ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chengcheng Jin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiyu Tong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fred C Lam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Hematology Oncology Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Omer Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
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7
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Tammela T, Sanchez-Rivera FJ, Cetinbas NM, Wu K, Joshi NS, Helenius K, Park Y, Azimi R, Kerper NR, Wesselhoeft RA, Gu X, Schmidt L, Cornwall-Brady M, Yilmaz ÖH, Xue W, Katajisto P, Bhutkar A, Jacks T. A Wnt-producing niche drives proliferative potential and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 2017; 545:355-359. [PMID: 28489818 PMCID: PMC5903678 DOI: 10.1038/nature22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cellular states in cancer has been linked to drug resistance, cancer progression and presence of cancer cells with properties of normal tissue stem cells1,2. Secreted Wnt signals maintain stem cells in various epithelial tissues, including in lung development and regeneration3–5. Here we report that murine and human lung adenocarcinomas display hierarchical features with two distinct subpopulations, one with high Wnt signaling activity and another forming a niche that provides the Wnt ligand. The Wnt responder cells showed increased tumour propagation ability, suggesting that they have features of normal tissue stem cells. Genetic perturbation of Wnt production or signaling suppressed tumour progression. Small molecule inhibitors targeting essential post-translational modification of Wnt reduced tumour growth and dramatically decreased proliferative potential of the lung cancer cells, leading to improved survival of tumour-bearing mice. These results indicate that strategies for disrupting pathways that maintain stem-like and niche cell phenotypes can translate into effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Tammela
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katja Helenius
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yoona Park
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Roxana Azimi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Natanya R Kerper
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - R Alexander Wesselhoeft
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Leah Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Milton Cornwall-Brady
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Roper J, Tammela T, Cetinbas NM, Akkad A, Roghanian A, Rickelt S, Almeqdadi M, Wu K, Oberli MA, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Park YK, Liang X, Eng G, Taylor MS, Azimi R, Kedrin D, Neupane R, Beyaz S, Sicinska ET, Suarez Y, Yoo J, Chen L, Zukerberg L, Katajisto P, Deshpande V, Bass AJ, Tsichlis PN, Lees J, Langer R, Hynes RO, Chen J, Bhutkar A, Jacks T, Yilmaz ÖH. In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:569-576. [PMID: 28459449 PMCID: PMC5462879 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo interrogation of the function of genes implicated in tumorigenesis is limited by the need to generate and cross germline mutant mice. Here we describe approaches to model colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis, which rely on in situ gene editing and orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice without cancer-predisposing mutations. Autochthonous tumor formation is induced by CRISPR-Cas9-based editing of the Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressor genes in colon epithelial cells and by orthotopic transplantation of Apc-edited colon organoids. ApcΔ/Δ;KrasG12D/+;Trp53Δ/Δ (AKP) mouse colon organoids and human CRC organoids engraft in the distal colon and metastasize to the liver. Finally, we apply the orthotopic transplantation model to characterize the clonal dynamics of Lgr5+ stem cells and demonstrate sequential activation of an oncogene in established colon adenomas. These experimental systems enable rapid in vivo characterization of cancer-associated genes and reproduce the entire spectrum of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Roper
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Akkad
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Roghanian
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias A Oberli
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yoona K Park
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu Liang
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Eng
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roxana Azimi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachit Neupane
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ewa T Sicinska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yvelisse Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Yoo
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip N Tsichlis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lees
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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