1
|
Ji-Xu A, Lei D, Worswick S, Maloney N, Kim M, Cutler L. 229 Pityriaris rubra pilaris has a significant psychiatric burden and impact on quality of life. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
2
|
Harlow ML, Maloney N, Roland J, Guillen Navarro MJ, Easton MK, Kitchen-Goosen SM, Boguslawski EA, Madaj ZB, Johnson BK, Bowman MJ, D'Incalci M, Winn ME, Turner L, Hostetter G, Galmarini CM, Aviles PM, Grohar PJ. Lurbinectedin Inactivates the Ewing Sarcoma Oncoprotein EWS-FLI1 by Redistributing It within the Nucleus. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6657-6668. [PMID: 27697767 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need to develop novel approaches to target oncogenic transcription factors with small molecules. Ewing sarcoma is emblematic of this need, as it depends on the continued activity of the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor to maintain the malignant phenotype. We have previously shown that the small molecule trabectedin interferes with EWS-FLI1. Here, we report important mechanistic advances and a second-generation inhibitor to provide insight into the therapeutic targeting of EWS-FLI1. We discovered that trabectedin functionally inactivated EWS-FLI1 by redistributing the protein within the nucleus to the nucleolus. This effect was rooted in the wild-type functions of the EWSR1, compromising the N-terminal half of the chimeric oncoprotein, which is known to be similarly redistributed within the nucleus in the presence of UV light damage. A second-generation trabectedin analogue lurbinectedin (PM01183) caused the same nuclear redistribution of EWS-FLI1, leading to a loss of activity at the promoter, mRNA, and protein levels of expression. Tumor xenograft studies confirmed this effect, and it was increased in combination with irinotecan, leading to tumor regression and replacement of Ewing sarcoma cells with benign fat cells. The net result of combined lurbinectedin and irinotecan treatment was a complete reversal of EWS-FLI1 activity and elimination of established tumors in 30% to 70% of mice after only 11 days of therapy. Our results illustrate the preclinical safety and efficacy of a disease-specific therapy targeting the central oncogenic driver in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6657-68. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt L Harlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben K Johnson
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | - Mary E Winn
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Lisa Turner
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Patrick J Grohar
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Osgood CL, Tantawy MN, Maloney N, Madaj ZB, Peck A, Boguslawski E, Jess J, Buck J, Winn ME, Manning HC, Grohar PJ. 18F-FLT Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a Pharmacodynamic Marker for EWS-FLI1 Activity and Ewing Sarcoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33926. [PMID: 27671553 PMCID: PMC5037393 DOI: 10.1038/srep33926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a bone and soft-tissue tumor that depends on the activity of the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor for cell survival. Although a number of compounds have been shown to inhibit EWS-FLI1 in vitro, a clinical EWS-FLI1-directed therapy has not been achieved. One problem plaguing drug development efforts is the lack of a suitable, non-invasive, pharmacodynamic marker of EWS-FLI1 activity. Here we show that 18F-FLT PET (18F- 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography) reflects EWS-FLI1 activity in Ewing sarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. 18F-FLT is transported into the cell by ENT1 and ENT2, where it is phosphorylated by TK1 and trapped intracellularly. In this report, we show that silencing of EWS-FLI1 with either siRNA or small-molecule EWS-FLI1 inhibitors suppressed the expression of ENT1, ENT2, and TK1 and thus decreased 18F-FLT PET activity. This effect was not through a generalized loss in viability or metabolic suppression, as there was no suppression of 18F-FDG PET activity and no suppression with chemotherapy. These results provide the basis for the clinical translation of 18F-FLT as a companion biomarker of EWS-FLI1 activity and a novel diagnostic imaging approach for Ewing sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Osgood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nichole Maloney
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Buck
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, USA
| | - Mary E Winn
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Patrick J Grohar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Michigan State University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osgood CL, Maloney N, Kidd CG, Kitchen-Goosen S, Segars L, Gebregiorgis M, Woldemichael GM, He M, Sankar S, Lessnick SL, Kang M, Smith M, Turner L, Madaj ZB, Winn ME, Núñez LE, González-Sabín J, Helman LJ, Morís F, Grohar PJ. Identification of Mithramycin Analogues with Improved Targeting of the EWS-FLI1 Transcription Factor. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4105-18. [PMID: 26979396 PMCID: PMC4987166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to identify second-generation mithramycin analogues that better target the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor for Ewing sarcoma. We previously established mithramycin as an EWS-FLI1 inhibitor, but the compound's toxicity prevented its use at effective concentrations in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened a panel of mithralogs to establish their ability to inhibit EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma. We compared the IC50 with the MTD established in mice to determine the relationship between efficacy and toxicity. We confirmed the suppression of EWS-FLI1 at the promoter, mRNA, gene signature, and protein levels. We established an improved therapeutic window by using time-lapse microscopy to model the effects on cellular proliferation in Ewing sarcoma cells relative to HepG2 control cells. Finally, we established an improved therapeutic window using a xenograft model of Ewing sarcoma. RESULTS EC-8105 was found to be the most potent analogue and was able to suppress EWS-FLI1 activity at concentrations nontoxic to other cell types. EC-8042 was substantially less toxic than mithramycin in multiple species but maintained suppression of EWS-FLI1 at similar concentrations. Both compounds markedly suppressed Ewing sarcoma xenograft growth and inhibited EWS-FLI1 in vivo CONCLUSIONS These results provide a basis for the continued development of EC-8042 and EC-8105 as EWS-FLI1 inhibitors for the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4105-18. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Plicamycin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/mortality
- Transcription Factors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Osgood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nichole Maloney
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher G Kidd
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Laura Segars
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meti Gebregiorgis
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Girma M Woldemichael
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Molecular Targets Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Min He
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Savita Sankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Min Kang
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Malcolm Smith
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Turner
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Mary E Winn
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | - Lee J Helman
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Patrick J Grohar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University School of Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Leary H, Doody C, Smart K, Maloney N. OP0029 Pain Sensitization and Response To Physiotherapy Treatment in People with Moderate To Severe Osteoarthritis of The Knee. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Osgood C, Maloney N, Kidd CG, Gebregiorgis M, Nunez LE, Gonzalez-Sabin J, Helman LJ, Moris F, Grohar PJ. Abstract 1612: Identification of mithramycin analogs with improved targeting of the EWS/FLI1 transcription factor. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ewing sarcoma is a bone a soft tissue sarcoma with a poor overall survival. This tumor absolutely depends on the continued expression of the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor for cell survival. We are therefore focused on developing small molecules that inhibit EWS-FLI1. We have previously completed a high throughput screen that identified mithramycin as an inhibitor of EWS-FLI1 and translated this compound to the clinic in a phase I-II trial. The success of this compound in the clinic has been challenged by drug associated liver toxicity that has necessitated dose reductions. Therefore the goal of this study is to identify less toxic and-or more potent mithramycin analogs.
Methods: The less toxic analog, EC8042, was identified by evaluating animal toxicity data and serum pharmacokinetics in mice and rats. In order to identify a more potent compound, a panel of more than 20 mithramycin analogs was screened using an EWS-FLI1 reporter NR0B1 luciferase construct to identify EC8105. EWS-FLI1 suppression was confirmed using quantitative PCR and western blot analysis in vitro. The ability of the drug to block EWS-FLI1 binding to chromatin was evaluated by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation in the presence and absence of drug. The relative hepatotoxicity of the analogs was modeled in vitro by comparing doses that achieve suppression of EWS-FLI1 to toxic doses of the drug in HepG2 cells and confirmed in vivo in xenograft experiments. Finally, we tested the ability of both analogs to suppress tumor growth in xenograft models of Ewing sarcoma and confirmed suppression of EWS-FLI1 using immunofluorescence of formalin fixed tissue from these experiments.
Results: EC8042 shows equivalent suppression of EWS-FLI1 activity but is substantially less toxic than the parent compound, allowing higher serum levels of drug in vivo in animal models. In contrast, EC8105 is approximately 8 times more potent than the parent compound and demonstrates improved suppression of the EWS-FLI1 gene signature. Both compounds work to block EWS-FLI1 binding to chromatin. More importantly, in contrast to mithramycin, both analogs suppress EWS-FLI1 activity at concentrations that are non-toxic to HepG2 cells. These effects translate into improved suppression of Ewing sarcoma xenograft growth with a corresponding increase in mouse survival and regression of several tumors in both cohorts.
Conclusions: We have identified the mithramycin analogs EC8042 and EC8105 as EWS-FLI1 inhibitors. These compounds are less toxic and more potent than the parent compound and suppress EWS-FLI1 at concentrations that do not appear to cause liver toxicity. Together these results suggest that the clinical development of these analogs is warranted.
Citation Format: Christy Osgood, Nichole Maloney, Christopher G. Kidd, Meti Gebregiorgis, Luz E. Nunez, Javier Gonzalez-Sabin, Lee J. Helman, Francisco Moris, Patrick J. Grohar. Identification of mithramycin analogs with improved targeting of the EWS/FLI1 transcription factor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1612
Collapse
|
7
|
Sherrard DJ, Coburn JW, Brickman AS, Singer FR, Maloney N. Skeletal response to treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in renal failure. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 18:92-7. [PMID: 7353382 DOI: 10.1159/000403276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Harlow M, Maloney N, Navarro MJG, D'Incalci M, Galmarini C, Marin PMA, Grohar P. Abstract 3962: PM01183 shows an improved therapeutic index relative to trabectedin and suppresses EWS/FLI1 activity at clinically achievable concentrations. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric malignancy characterized by the fusion of the EWSR1 and FLI1 genes, which creates a constitutively activated transcription factor, EWS/FLI1. It is widely known that Ewing sarcoma cells depend on the transcriptional program of EWS/FLI1 for cell survival. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop and clinically translate small molecules that suppress EWS/FLI1 activity. We have previously reported that the natural product trabectedin suppresses EWS/FLI1 activity. In addition, the compound synergizes with irinotecan to suppress Ewing sarcoma tumor growth. However, the compound suffers from a narrow therapeutic index that limits the poisoning of EWS/FLI1 in patients. In this report, we show that the trabectedin analog PM01183 has improved targeting of EWS/FLI1 and preserved synergy with irinotecan. In addition, the compound is known to have a dramatically improved therapeutic index suggesting improved activity of this compound in the clinic.
METHODS: In this report, we characterize the mechanism of suppression of EWS/FLI1 by trabectedin using confocal immunocytochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We show enhanced suppression of EWS/FLI1 by PM01183 using the Fluidigm platform and confirm the results with a luciferase reporter construct and high-content quantitative PCR. Finally, we tested the ability of PM01183 to suppress tumor growth in xenograft models of Ewing sarcoma both in the absence and presence of irinotecan.
RESULTS: PM01183 more effectively suppressed the gene signature of EWS/FLI1 than the parent compound trabectedin. In addition, the drug re-localizes EWS/FLI1 away from target genes in the nucleus leading to suppression of these EWS/FLI1 targets. These results are consistent with the activity of the parent compound, trabectedin, that blocks binding of EWS/FLI1 to chromatin. More importantly, the drug causes a regression of a TC32 xenograft and markedly suppresses growth of a TC71 xenograft when combined with irinotecan. Finally, PM01183 has a substantially improved pharmacologic profile in patients in comparison to trabectedin suggesting that these effects are bio-achievable in patients.
CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to trabectedin, we have shown that its structural analog, PM01183 shows enhanced suppression of an EWS/FLI1 gene signature and preserves the synergy with irinotecan that we previously reported. We suggest a mechanistic basis for this activity against EWS/FLI1 and show excellent activity against Ewing sarcoma xenografts. Together, these results suggest that the clinical translation of PM01183 as an EWS/FLI1 targeted therapy both alone and in combination with irinotecan is warranted.
Citation Format: Matt Harlow, Nichole Maloney, Maria Jose Guillen Navarro, Maurizio D'Incalci, Carlos Galmarini, Pablo Manuel Aviles Marin, Patrick Grohar. PM01183 shows an improved therapeutic index relative to trabectedin and suppresses EWS/FLI1 activity at clinically achievable concentrations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3962. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3962
Collapse
|
9
|
Maloney N, Lukacs G, Ball SL, Hegner M. Device for filamentous fungi growth monitoring using the multimodal frequency response of cantilevers. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:015003. [PMID: 24517802 DOI: 10.1063/1.4854655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi cause opportunistic infections in hospital patients. A fast assay to detect viable spores is of great interest. We present a device that is capable of monitoring fungi growth in real time via the dynamic operation of cantilevers in an array. The ability to detect minute frequency shifts for higher order flexural resonance modes is demonstrated using hydrogel functionalised cantilevers. The use of higher order resonance modes sees the sensor dependent mass responsivity enhanced by a factor of 13 in comparison to measurements utilizing the fundamental resonance mode only. As a proof of principle measurement, Aspergillus niger growth is monitored using the first two flexural resonance modes. The detection of single spore growth within 10 h is reported for the first time. The ability to detect and monitor the growth of single spores, within a small time frame, is advantageous in both clinical and industrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Maloney
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Lukacs
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S L Ball
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Hegner
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harlow M, Maloney N, Segars L, Woldemichael G, Helman LJ, Grohar PJ. Abstract 2760: Identification of ET-743 analogs with improved selectivity and potency for EWS-FLI1 and Ewing sarcoma cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric malignancy characterized by the fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes, which creates a constitutively activated transcription factor, EWS/FLI1. The transcriptional program of EWS/FLI1 drives malignant transformation as well as high-risk features such as increased angiogenesis, resistance to apoptosis, and increased metastatic potential. It is well known that perturbing the transcriptional activity of EWS/FLI1 leads to cell death in vitro and should be considered as a possible site of therapeutic intervention in Ewing sarcoma patients. To that end, we identified ET-743 (trabectedin, Yondelis), a natural product, which inhibits EWS/FLI1 activity in vitro. Using ET-743 as a lead compound, we have characterized a number of structural analogs of ET-743 to identify more potent and/or more selective inhibitors of EWS/FLI1 activity.
METHODS: We evaluated the potency of the ET-743 structural analogs using MTS viability assays using Ewing sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma cell lines. The specific inhibition of EWS/FLI1 downstream transcriptional activity was measured using a luciferase-based approach and western blotting. We also evaluated each analog's ability to suppress a gene signature of EWS/FLI1, which included more than 20 genes known to be deregulated by EWS/FLI1 using a novel microfluidic based assay and the Fluidigm platform.
RESULTS: Several analogs proved to be more potent than ET-743 and selective for transcriptional suppression of EWS/FLI1. All of the analogs induced varying degrees of DNA damage and cell death, which were detected by biochemical and metabolic assays. We also show that the analogs sensitize ES cells to treatment with camptothecins to a variable degree based on analog relative to the parent compound.
CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to ET-743, we have shown that its structural analogs confer better pharmacological properties such as increased potency and specificity towards Ewing sarcoma cell lines. We are currently working to further characterize the mechanism of action for these analogs and evaluate the compounds in an in vivo model. The ultimate goal would be to translate these compounds to the clinic and improve patient outcomes with Ewing sarcoma.
Citation Format: Matt Harlow, Nichole Maloney, Laura Segars, Girma Woldemichael, Lee J. Helman, Patrick J. Grohar. Identification of ET-743 analogs with improved selectivity and potency for EWS-FLI1 and Ewing sarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2760. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2760
Collapse
|
11
|
Ezell TN, Maloney N, Githua JW, Taylor LD. Exposure to the anti-TNF-alpha drug thalidomide induces apoptotic cell death in human T leukemic cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49:1117-24. [PMID: 14682394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
TNF-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in disorders due to HIV-1 infection and replication such as Kaposi sarcoma, wasting, aphthous ulcerations and progression to AIDS. The controversial drug thalidomide is anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and a selective inhibitor of TNF-alpha that is being studied as a treatment for HIV-1-related disorders, immune disorders and cancer. The cellular and molecular mechanism of thalidomide is unclear despite renewed clinical interest in the drug. Previous data from this laboratory indicate that thalidomide decreases cell growth and cell-cell interactions of human T leukemic cells. The specific aim of the present study is to determine whether thalidomide administration induces cell death via apoptosis. Low dose thalidomide treatment of human T leukemic cells exhibited rapid increases in caspase-3 activity, annexin V-FITC binding and DNA disintegration that is characteristic of apoptosis. These data indicate that low doses of thalidomide signal human T leukemic cells to die by apoptosis, which is a possible method of altering inflammatory cells and inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Ezell
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weston A, Pan CF, Bleiweiss IJ, Ksieski HB, Roy N, Maloney N, Wolff MS. CYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:941-4. [PMID: 9796640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The MspAI polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of CYP17 has been evaluated as a breast cancer risk factor in a hospital-based case-control study in New York City. The study population consisted of 363 women [123 breast cancer patients and 240 patient controls (123 benign breast disease without atypical hyperplasia, 117 women without breast disease)]. There were 224 Caucasians (76 cases, 148 controls), 55 African-Americans (20 cases, 35 controls) and 84 Hispanics (27 cases, 57 controls); 142 premenopausal women and 221 postmenopausal women. Consistent with a previous report (Feigelson et al., Cancer Res., 57: 1063-1065, 1997) we found no evidence to implicate the minor variant (restriction site present allele, designated A2) as a breast cancer risk factor. Furthermore, we sought evidence to implicate the minor variant of CYP17 in the development of more aggressive breast cancers (n = 38/121) as had been reported previously. Although confidence intervals (CI) overlap, the data presented here do not provide support for previously reported findings (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-2.0; n = 38 versus odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; n = 40). Clearly this question needs to be resolved in a larger study. No evidence was found to support the contention that inheritance of the minor variant is a predictor of early age at menarche. Allelic frequencies between different ethnic groups were not found to be different with the exception of Hispanic controls, in which the genotypic distribution was not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Weston
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arnaud SB, Sherrard DJ, Maloney N, Whalen RT, Fung P. Effects of 1-week head-down tilt bed rest on bone formation and the calcium endocrine system. Aviat Space Environ Med 1992; 63:14-20. [PMID: 1550528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand the potential early responses of human bone and the calcium endocrine system to spaceflight, we studied 8 healthy men, aged 35-44 years before, during, and after bed rest in a -6 degrees head-down tilt model for microgravity. Based on a novel single-dose labeling schedule, average rates of bone formation in the iliac crest were reduced in 6, unchanged in 1, and increased in 1 following the bed rest period. The decrease was greatest for subjects whose daily walking miles were highest (r = -0.762, p less than 0.05, n = 7). Before a measurable increase in ionized serum calcium the sixth bed rest day, there was increased excretion of urinary calcium and sodium, evident the first 2 bed-rest days and parallel for the entire week (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). Reduced excretion of phosphorus and 3', 5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate on the first and second bed rest days was followed by an increase in serum phosphorus by the sixth bed rest day. Depressed serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were manifest by the sixth and seventh bed rest days. The similarity of the response of bone and the calcium endocrine system of healthy men after only 7 days to results of longer term bed rest studies emphasizes the responsiveness of the adult human skeleton to biomechanical stimuli induced by changes in activity and/or position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Arnaud
- Life Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Forsyth D, Delaney C, Maloney N, Kubesh D, Story D. Can caring behavior be taught? Nurs Outlook 1989; 37:164-6. [PMID: 2740255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Forsyth
- Nursing Department of Luther College, Decorah, IA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare congenital disorder characterized by large quantities of urinary oxalate with resultant nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis and by deposits of calcium oxalate in other organs. Renal failure occurs early in life. Reports of unsuccessful renal transplantation attempts in this disorder underscore the need for antemortem diagnosis. Percutaneous bone biopsy is a relatively new procedure that is easily done at bedside, safe, and of potentially high yield in the demonstration of tissue oxalate. Three cases presented here show the characteristic histologic picture seen in this disease. In one case, the diagnosis was established by bone biopsy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brickman AS, Sherrard DJ, Jowsey J, Singer FR, Baylink DJ, Maloney N, Massry SG, Norman AW, Coburn JW. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Effect on skeletal lesions and plasma parathyroid hormone levels in uremic osteodystrophy. Arch Intern Med 1974; 134:883-8. [PMID: 4613310 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.134.5.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|