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Raddatz J, Beisel E, Butzin M, Schröder-Ritzrau A, Betzler C, Friedrich R, Frank N. Variable ventilation ages in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline during the LGM. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11355. [PMID: 37443374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations of atmospheric CO2 during the Pleistocene ice-ages have been associated with changes in the drawdown of carbon into the deep-sea. Modelling studies suggest that about one third of the glacial carbon drawdown may not be associated to the deep ocean, but to the thermocline or intermediate ocean. However, the carbon storage capacity of thermocline waters is still poorly constrained. Here we present paired 230Th/U and 14C measurements on scleractinian cold-water corals retrieved from ~ 450 m water depth off the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. Based on these measurements we calculate ∆14C, ∆∆14C and Benthic-Atmosphere (Batm) ages in order to understand the ventilation dynamics of the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results demonstrate a radiocarbon depleted thermocline as low as -250 to -345‰ (∆∆14C), corresponding to ~ 500-2100 years (Batm) old waters at the LGM compared to ~ 380 years today. More broadly, we show that thermocline ventilation ages are one order of magnitude more variable than previously thought. Such a radiocarbon depleted thermocline can at least partly be explained by variable abyssal upwelling of deep-water masses with elevated respired carbon concentrations. Our results therefore have implications for radiocarbon-only based age models and imply that upper thermocline waters as shallow as 400 m depth can also contribute to some of the glacial carbon drawdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raddatz
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - E Beisel
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Butzin
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Schröder-Ritzrau
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Betzler
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Friedrich
- Curt-Engelhorn-Center Archaeometry, C4, 8, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Frank
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Jirak P, Shomanova Z, Larbig R, Dankl D, Frank N, Seelmaier C, Butkiene D, Lichtenauer M, Strohmer B, Sackarnd J, Hoppe U, Sindermann J, Reinecke H, Pistulli R, Motloch L. Higher incidence of stroke in severe COVID-19 is not associated with a higher burden of arrhythmias: comparison to other types of severe pneumonia. Eur Heart J 2021. [PMCID: PMC8767586 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thromboembolic events, including stroke, are typical complications of COVID-19. Whether arrhythmias, frequently described in severe COVID-19, are disease-specific and thus promote strokes is unclear. We investigated the occurrence of arrhythmias, and stroke during rhythm monitoring in critically ill COVID-19, compared to severe pneumonias of other origin. Methods Recruited were 120 critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation in three European tertiary hospitals, including n=60 COVID-19, matched according to risk factors for occurrence of arrhythmias to n=60 patients from a retrospective consecutive cohort of severe pneumonias of other origin. Results Arrhythmias, mainly atrial fibrillation (AF), were frequent in COVID-19. However, when compared to nonCOVID-19, no difference was observed with respect to ventricular tachycardias (VT) and relevant bradyarrhythmias (VT 10.0 vs. 8.4%, p=ns and asystole 5.0 vs. 3.3%, p=ns) with consequent similar rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (6.7 vs. 10.0% p=ns). AF was even more common in nonCOVID-19 (AF 18.3 vs. 43.3%, p=0.003; newly onset AF 10.0 vs. 30.0%, p=0.006) which resulted in higher need for electrical cardioversion (6.7 vs. 20.0%, p=0.029). Despite these findings and comparable rates of therapeutic anticoagulation (TAC), the incidence of stroke was higher in COVID-19 (6.7.% vs. 0.0, p=0.042). These events happened also in absence of AF (50%) and with TAC (50%). Conclusion Arrhythmias were common in severe COVID-19, consisting mainly of AF, yet less frequent than in matched pneumonias of other origin. A contrasting higher incidence of stroke independent of arrhythmias observed also with TAC, seems to be an arrhythmia-unrelated disease-specific feature of COVID-19. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jirak
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Z Shomanova
- University Hospital of Munster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Larbig
- Kliniken Maria Hilf Moenchengladbach, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - D Dankl
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - N Frank
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Seelmaier
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Butkiene
- Kliniken Maria Hilf Moenchengladbach, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | | | - B Strohmer
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Sackarnd
- University Hospital of Munster, Muenster, Germany
| | - U Hoppe
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Sindermann
- University Hospital of Munster, Muenster, Germany
| | - H Reinecke
- University Hospital of Munster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Pistulli
- University Hospital of Munster, Muenster, Germany
| | - L Motloch
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Frank N, Pryjomska-Ray I, Grubert L, Hecht S, Usvyat D, Limberg C. Binding of a TlCl Entity by a Tetragold Tetramercaptothiacalixarene Metalloligand via Metallophilic Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:8344-8349. [PMID: 33780048 PMCID: PMC8251583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The successive auration of p-tert-butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arene, H4 (MTC[4]), with gold(I) phosphine units was investigated. Through deprotonation with NaOMe, followed by salt metathesis reactions with (PR3 )AuCl (R=Me, Ph) complexes with two and three [(PR3 )Au]+ moieties could be prepared and isolated, namely [(Ph3 PAu)2 H2 (MTC[4])] and [(Me3 PAu)3 H(MTC[4])]. In [(Me3 PAu)3 H(MTC[4])] two gold atoms already come close enough to undergo aurophilic interactions. To introduce a fourth [(PR3 )Au]+ entity TlOEt had to be used for the deprotonation, which led to the finding that four gold atoms organised by the (MTC[4])4- coordination platform are able to bind and stabilize a TlCl entity, yielding [(Me3 PAu)4 TlCl(MTC[4])]. As evidenced by structural and theoretical investigations the binding occurs through strong metallophilic interactions, which lead to photoluminescence at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Frank
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Pryjomska-Ray
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Grubert
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Usvyat
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Limberg
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Stefanovski D, Moate PJ, Frank N, Ward GM, Localio AR, Punjabi NM, Boston RC. Metabolic modeling using statistical and spreadsheet software: Application to the glucose minimal model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 191:105353. [PMID: 32113102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic non-linear metabolic models are used extensively in medical research and increasingly for clinical diagnostic purposes. An example of such a model is the Glucose Minimal Model by Bergman and colleagues [1]. This model is similar to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models in that like pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models, it is based on a small number of fairly simple ordinary differential equations and it aims to determine how the changing concentration of one blood constituent influences the concentration of another constituent. Although such models may appear prima facie, to be relatively simple, they have gained a reputation of being difficult to fit to data, especially in a consistent and repeatable fashion. Consequently, researchers and clinicians have generally relied on dedicated software packages to do this type of modeling. This article describes the use of statistical and spreadsheet software for fitting the Glucose Minimal Model to data from an insulin modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IM-IVGTT). A novel aspect of the modeling is that the differential equations that are normally used to describe insulin action and the disposition of plasma glucose are first solved and expressed in their explicit forms so as to facilitate the estimation of Glucose Minimal Model parameters using the nonlinear (nl) optimization procedure within statistical and spreadsheet software. The most important clinical parameter obtained from the Glucose Minimal Model is insulin sensitivity (SI). Using IM-IVGTT data from 42 horses in one experiment and 48 horses in a second experiment, we demonstrate that estimates of SI derived from the Glucose Minimal Model fitted to data using STATA and Excel, are highly concordant with SI estimates obtained using the industry standard software, MinMod Millennium. This work demonstrates that there is potential for statistical and spreadsheet software to be applied to a wide range of kinetic non-linear modeling problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States.
| | - P J Moate
- Agriculture Research Division, Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources, Ellinbank Centre, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
| | - N Frank
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - G M Ward
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A R Localio
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N M Punjabi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.M.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R C Boston
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
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Gorenberg EB, Johnson AL, Magdesian KG, Bertin FR, Costa LRR, Theelen MJP, Durward-Akhurst SA, Cruz Villagrán C, Carslake H, Frank N, Tomlinson JE. Diagnosis and treatment of confirmed and suspected primary hyperparathyroidism in equids: 17 cases (1999-2016). Equine Vet J 2019; 52:83-90. [PMID: 30980730 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism is uncommon in equids. OBJECTIVES To describe the diagnostic findings and efficacy of treatment in equids with primary hyperparathyroidism. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series describing 16 horses and one mule. METHODS Cases were identified by retrospective review of records at Cornell University and via an ACVIM listserv query. Inclusion criteria were an equid with hypercalcemia, normal renal function and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) or histopathological diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma. Equids with normal PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in the face of hypercalcemia were included as suspect cases. RESULTS The most common presenting complaints were weight loss (12/17) and hypercalcemia (10/17). PTH was above reference range in 12/17 cases. Suspected parathyroid tumours were localised in 12/14 equids imaged using ultrasonography alone (2/3), technetium 99m Tc sestamibi scintigraphy alone (1/1) or both modalities (9/10). Three horses did not have imaging performed. Surgical exploration successfully excised tumours in six of 10 cases. Five were located at the thoracic inlet, and surgery resulted in complete cure. One tumour was excised from the thyroid lobe, and the horse remained hypercalcemic. Four other cases explored surgically, four treated medically and three that were not treated also remained hypercalcemic. MAIN LIMITATIONS The small study size prohibited statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Parathyroid adenomas in equids can be successfully localised with ultrasonography and scintigraphy. Surgical excision appears more likely to be successful for single gland disease at the thoracic inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Gorenberg
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A L Johnson
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K G Magdesian
- University of California Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, California, USA
| | - F-R Bertin
- The University of Queensland School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - L R R Costa
- University of California Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, California, USA
| | - M J P Theelen
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A Durward-Akhurst
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Cruz Villagrán
- The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Carslake
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Cheshire, UK
| | - N Frank
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Jones M, Nankervis B, Vang B, Frank N, Coeshott C. A comparison of automated perfusion- and manual diffusion-based human regulatory T cell expansion using a soluble activator complex. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Young S, Wong J, Rosenberg M, Golzarian J, Frank N. Treatment of peristomal hemorrhage: A review of outcomes and comparison of two minimally invasive techniques. Diagn Interv Imaging 2018; 99:793-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nielsen VG, Frank N. Role of heme modulation in inhibition of Atheris, Atractaspis, Causus, Cerastes, Echis, and Macrovipera hemotoxic venom activity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:216-226. [PMID: 30086669 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118793186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Venomous snake bite and subsequent coagulopathy is a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gold standard to treat coagulopathy caused by these venoms is the administration of antivenom; however, despite this therapy, coagulopathy still occurs and recurs. Of interest, our laboratory has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that coagulopathy-inducing venom exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) is inhibited, potentially by an attached heme. The present investigation sought to determine if venoms derived from snakes of the African genera Atheris, Atractaspis, Causus, Cerastes, Echis, and Macrovipera that have no or limited antivenoms available could be inhibited with CO or with the metheme-inducing agent, O-phenylhydroxylamine (PHA). Assessing changes in coagulation kinetics of human plasma with thrombelastography, venoms were exposed in isolation to CO or PHA. Eight species were found to have procoagulant activity consistent with the generation of human thrombin, while one was likely fibrinogenolytic. All venoms were significantly inhibited by CO/PHA with species-specific variation noted. These data demonstrate indirectly that the heme is likely bound to these disparate venoms as an intermediary modulatory molecule. In conclusion, future investigation is warranted to determine if heme could serve as a potential therapeutic target to be modulated during treatment of envenomation by hemotoxic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Nielsen
- 1 The Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Young S, Golzarian J, Wong J, Frank N, Rosenberg M. Abstract No. 655 Treatment of peristomal hemorrhage: a review of outcomes and comparison of two minimally invasive techniques. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Durham AE, Bailey SR, Frank N, McFarlane D, Schott HC, Paradis MR. Science-in-brief: Workshop report The Dorothy Havemeyer International Equine Endocrinology Summit. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:408-409. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. R. Bailey
- The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - N. Frank
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts USA
| | - D. McFarlane
- Physiological Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - H. C. Schott
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - M. R. Paradis
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts USA
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Frank N, Walsh DM. Repeatability of Oral Sugar Test Results, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Measurements, and Serum High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin Concentrations in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1178-1187. [PMID: 28543933 PMCID: PMC5508339 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeatability of the oral sugar test (OST) has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that OST glucose, insulin, active (aGLP-1) and total (tGLP-1) glucagon-like peptide 1, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin results would be repeatable. ANIMALS Fifty-three horses from a Tennessee research facility (n = 23) and private practice in Missouri (n = 30), including animals with medical histories of equine metabolic syndrome. METHODS Two OSTs were performed 7-14 days apart and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 60, and 75 minutes; a positive result was defined as detection of an insulin concentration >45 μU/mL at 60 or 75 minutes. Plasma aGLP-1 and serum tGLP-1 concentrations at 75 minutes and serum HMW adiponectin concentrations at 0 minute were measured in the Missouri group. Bland-Altman analyses were performed. RESULTS No adverse events were reported. Bland-Altman analysis indicated mean ± SD bias of 1.5 ± 14.8 μU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], -27.6 to 30.5 μU/mL) and 1.2 ± 16.1 μU/mL (95% CI, -30.4 to 32.8 μU/mL) for insulin concentrations at 60 and 75 minutes, respectively. There was 91 and 83% agreement in test interpretation between test days for OST insulin results for all horses in the Tennessee and Missouri groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Repeatability of the OST was acceptable when values obtained from Bland-Altman analyses were evaluated, and there was good agreement in binary (negative/positive) test interpretation for insulin concentrations. However, wide 95% CIs were detected for insulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Frank
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - D M Walsh
- Homestead Veterinary Hospital, Pacific, MO
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Frank N, Hermida P, Sanchez-Londoño A, Singh R, Gradil CM, Uricchio CK. Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentrations after Octreotide Administration in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1188-1192. [PMID: 28503791 PMCID: PMC5508354 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that suppresses insulin secretion. Hypothesis We hypothesized that octreotide would suppress insulin concentrations in horses and that normal (N) horses and those with insulin dysregulation (ID) would differ significantly in their plasma glucose and insulin responses to administration of octreotide. Animals Twelve horses, N = 5, ID = 7. Methods Prospective study. An oral sugar test was performed to assign horses to N and ID groups. Octreotide (1.0 μg/kg IV) was then administered, and blood was collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minute, and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hour for measurement of glucose and insulin concentrations. Area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Results Mean AUC values for glucose and insulin did not differ between normal (n = 5) and ID (n = 7) groups after octreotide injection. Significant time (P < .001) effects were detected for glucose and insulin concentrations. A group × time interaction (P = .091) was detected for insulin concentrations after administration of octreotide, but the group (P = .33) effect was not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Octreotide suppresses insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia, and then concentrations increase above baseline as glycemic control is restored. Our hypothesis that octreotide causes insulin concentrations to decrease in horses was supported, but differences between N and ID groups did not reach statistical significance when blood glucose and insulin responses were compared. The utility of an octreotide response test remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Frank
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - P Hermida
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Sanchez-Londoño
- Department of Environmental and Population Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - R Singh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - C M Gradil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - C K Uricchio
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
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Geyeregger R, Tischer S, Frank N, Freimüller C, Stemberger J, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Fritsch G, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. Generation of anti-fungal-specific T-cells under pre-clinical-scale conditions: Comparison of two different methods. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Taleb S, Jalaeian H, Frank N, Golzarian J, D'Souza D. Is a Routine Chest X-ray Necessary in Every Patient After Percutaneous CT-Guided Lung Biopsy? A Retrospective Review of 278 Cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 40:1415-1420. [PMID: 28432386 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the rate, clinical significance, and predictors of delayed pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy. METHODS Medical and imaging records of all patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy between January 1, 2012, and January 9, 2015, were reviewed. "Early pneumothorax" was defined as one visualized on CT scan at the time of biopsy, "delayed pneumothorax" as one discovered on the first follow-up chest X-ray (CXR), and "clinically significant pneumothorax" as one requiring chest tube placement. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-seven lung biopsies were performed; 79 patients did not have follow-up CXR and were excluded. Out of 278 cases included in the study, early pneumothorax occurred in 109 patients. Follow-up CXRs were available in the remaining 169 patients without early pneumothorax and were obtained 3.1 ± 2.9 h after biopsy. The rate of delayed pneumothorax was 8.6% (24/278). Clinically significant pneumothorax occurred in 10/24 (41.7%) patients with delayed pneumothorax, including one case of tension pneumothorax. Patients with delayed pneumothorax (n = 24) had smaller lesion long axial diameter (18.58 ± 9.84 vs 25.83 ± 17.69 mm, p = 0.005), longer intrapulmonary needle tract (23.45 ± 14.98 vs 14.17 ± 14.49, p = 0.004), and lower FEV1/FVC ratio (53.30 ± 22.47 vs 71.15 ± 13.77, p = 0.015), compared to those without delayed pneumothorax (n = 145). The length of intrapulmonary needle tract was the only independent predictor of delayed pneumothorax (p = 0.008) and symptomatic delayed pneumothorax (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Obtaining a routine follow-up CXR in all patients after CT-guided lung biopsy appears warranted, given the high rate of delayed pneumothorax and large percentage of patients who will require a chest tube. The only independent predictor of (symptomatic) delayed pneumothorax was the length of intrapulmonary needle tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayandokht Taleb
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Mayo B229, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hamed Jalaeian
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Mayo B229, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nickolas Frank
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Mayo B229, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jafar Golzarian
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Mayo B229, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Donna D'Souza
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Mayo B229, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Hermanns C, Hampl V, Holzer K, Aigner A, Penkava J, Frank N, Martin DE, Maier KC, Waldburger N, Roessler S, Goppelt-Struebe M, Akrap I, Thavamani A, Singer S, Nordheim A, Gudermann T, Muehlich S. The novel MKL target gene myoferlin modulates expansion and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3464-3476. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Siemeni T, Knöfel AK, Madrahimov N, Sommer W, Avsar M, Salman J, Ius F, Frank N, Büchler G, Jonigk D, Jansson K, Maus U, Tudorache I, Falk CS, Haverich A, Warnecke G. In Vivo Development of Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Humanized Mice Reflects Alloantigen Recognition and Peripheral Treg Phenotype of Lung Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3150-3162. [PMID: 27273729 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimentally, regulatory T cells inhibit rejection. In clinical transplantations, however, it is not known whether T cell regulation is the cause for, or an epiphenomenon of, long-term allograft survival. Here, we study naïve and alloantigen-primed T cell responses of clinical lung transplant recipients in humanized mice. The pericardiophrenic artery procured from human lung grafts was implanted into the aorta of NODrag-/- /IL-2rγc-/- mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the respective lung recipient. Naïve or primed allogeneic PBMCs procured 21 days post-lung transplantation with or without enriching for CD4+ CD25high T cells were used. Transplant arteriosclerosis was assessed 28 days later by histology. Mice reconstituted with alloantigen-primed PBMCs showed significantly more severe transplant arteriosclerosis than did mice with naïve PBMCs (p = 0.005). Transplant arteriosclerosis was equally suppressed by enriching for autologous naïve (p = 0.012) or alloantigen-primed regulatory T cells (Tregs) (p = 0.009). Alloantigen priming in clinical lung recipients can be adoptively transferred into a humanized mouse model. Transplant arteriosclerosis elicited by naïve or alloantigen-primed PBMCs can be similarly controlled by potent autologous Tregs. Cellular therapy with expanded autologous Tregs in lung transplantation might be a promising future strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siemeni
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A-K Knöfel
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Lung Research, BREATH Site, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Madrahimov
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Sommer
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Lung Research, BREATH Site, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Avsar
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Salman
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Ius
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Frank
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Büchler
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Jansson
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Maus
- German Centre for Lung Research, BREATH Site, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Tudorache
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Haverich
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Lung Research, BREATH Site, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Warnecke
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,German Centre for Lung Research, BREATH Site, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Brammen C, Migaud P, Frank N, Pereszlenyi A, Pankow W, Eggeling S. Das Good-Syndrom – eine seltene Paraneoplasie beim benignen Thymom. Zentralbl Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1587552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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de Vries J, Herold B, Vander Beken S, Meier B, Jiang D, Kluth A, Ganss C, Frank N, Frank M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. 577 Ageing in the dermal perivascular niche: ABCB5 + MSCs depend on osteopontin. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fritsch G, Frank N, Dmytrus J, Frech C, Pichler H, Witt V, Geyeregger R, Scharner D, Trbojevic D, Zipperer E, Printz D, Worel N. Relevance of flow cytometric enumeration of post-thaw leucocytes: influence of temperature during cell staining on viable cell recovery. Vox Sang 2016; 111:187-96. [PMID: 27037580 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our post-thaw cell recovery rates differed substantially in interlaboratory comparisons of identical samples, potentially due to different temperatures during cell staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viable CD34(+) cells and leucocyte (WBC) subtypes were quantified by multiparameter single-platform flow cytometry in leucapheresis products collected from 30 adult lymphoma and myeloma patients, and from 10 paediatric patients. After thawing, cells were prepared for analysis within 30 min between thawing and acquisition, at either 4°C or at room temperature. RESULTS For cell products cryopreserved in conventional freezing medium (10% final DMSO), viable cell recovery was clearly lower after staining at 4°C than at RT. Of all WBC subtypes analysed, CD4(+) T cells showed the lowest median recovery of 4% (4°C) vs. 25% (RT), followed by CD3, CD34 and CD8 cells. The recovery was highest for CD3γδ cells with 44% (4°C) vs. 71% (RT). In the 10 samples cryopreserved in synthetic freezing medium (5% final DMSO), median recovery rates were 89% for viable CD34 (both at 4°C and RT) and 79% (4°C) vs 68% (RT) for WBC. CONCLUSIONS The post-thaw environment and, potentially, the cryoprotectant impact the outcome of cell enumeration, and results from the analysis tube may not be representative of the cells infused into a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fritsch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Frank
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Dmytrus
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Frech
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Pichler
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Witt
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Geyeregger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scharner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Trbojevic
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Zipperer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Printz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Worel
- Dept. for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Hart KA, Wochele DM, Norton NA, McFarlane D, Wooldridge AA, Frank N. Effect of Age, Season, Body Condition, and Endocrine Status on Serum Free Cortisol Fraction and Insulin Concentration in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:653-63. [PMID: 26860336 PMCID: PMC4913614 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased free cortisol fraction is associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) in people with Metabolic Syndrome and Cushing's Disease. Free cortisol has not been investigated in equine endocrine disorders. HYPOTHESES (1) In healthy horses, sex, age, body condition score (BCS), and season impact free cortisol; (2) free cortisol is increased in horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) or Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). ANIMALS Fifty-seven healthy horses; 40 horses and ponies with PPID (n = 20) or EMS (n = 20). METHODS Prospective study. Serum collected seasonally from healthy animals and archived serum from PPID and EMS animals was analyzed for insulin, total and free cortisol concentrations, and free cortisol fraction (FCF). Linear mixed models were used to determine effects of age, sex, season, and BCS on hormones in controls. Hormone measurements were compared between disease groups and age- and season-matched controls with t-tests. EMS and hyperinsulinemic PPID animals were combined in an ID (hyperinsulinemia) group. RESULTS Free cortisol concentrations were increased in overweight/obese controls (0.3 ± 0.1 μg/dL) compared to lean controls (0.2 ± 0.1 μg/dL; P = .017). Mean FCF was significantly higher in animals with PPID (8.8 ± 5.8 μg/dL, P = .005) or ID (8.8 ± 10.2 μg/dL, P = .039) than controls (5.0 ± 0.9 μg/dL), but total cortisol concentrations were similar (P ≥ .350) (PPID: 4.2 ± 4.3 μg/dL; ID: 5.0 ± 4.5 μg/dL; controls: 4.6 ± 1.7 and 5.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Increased FCF is associated with obesity in healthy horses and with ID (hyperinsulinemia) in horses and ponies with endocrine disease. Decreased plasma cortisol-binding capacity could be a component of these endocrine disorders in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hart
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - D M Wochele
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - N A Norton
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
| | - D McFarlane
- Oklahoma State College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, OK
| | - A A Wooldridge
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - N Frank
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
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Jones MD, Kohley Z, Baumann T, Christian G, DeYoung PA, Finck JE, Frank N, Haring-Kaye RA, Kuchera AN, Luther B, Mosby S, Smith JK, Snyder J, Spyrou A, Stephenson SL, Thoennessen M. Search for 4 ncontributions in the reaction 14Be(CH 2,X) 10He. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611306006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Taschner-Mandl S, Schwarz M, Blaha J, Kauer M, Kromp F, Frank N, Rifatbegovic F, Weiss T, Ladenstein R, Hohenegger M, Ambros I, Ambros P. 1401 Metronomic topotecan causes a favorable type of therapy-inducedsenescence and prolongs survival in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Knoefel A, Siemeni T, Frank N, Madrahimov N, Jonigk D, Salman J, Sommer W, Jansson K, Avsar M, Haverich A, Warnecke G. Elevated Peripheral Blood Counts of CD127 Low, FoxP3+ CD4+CD25 High T Cells in Lung Transplant Recipients Leads to Less Severe Donor-Specific Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Humanized Mice. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Siemeni T, Knoefel A, Madrahimov N, Sommer W, Frank N, Jansson K, Ius F, Salman J, Avsar M, Tudorache I, Kuehn C, Haverich A, Warnecke G. In Vivo Development of Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Humanized Mice Reflects Alloantigen Recognition of Lung Transplant Recipients and Is Controlled By Autologous Regulatory T Cells. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Siemeni T, Knöfel AK, Madrahimov N, Sommer W, Tudorache I, Kühn C, Avsar M, Ius F, Janson K, Frank N, Salman J, Haverich A, Warnecke G. Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Humanized Mice Reflects Alloantigen Recognition of Lung Transplant Recipients and is Controlled by Autologous Regulatory T Cells. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Knöfel AK, Siemeni T, Frank N, Madrahimov N, Salman J, Sommer W, Jansson K, Jonigk D, Avsar M, Haverich A, Warnecke G. Lung Transplant Recipients with Elevated Peripheral Blood Counts of CD127low, FoxP3+ and CTLA4+ CD4+CD25high T Cells Develop Less Severe Donor-Specific Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Humanized Mice. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Böhm E, Lippold J, Gutjahr M, Frank M, Blaser P, Antz B, Fohlmeister J, Frank N, Andersen MB, Deininger M. Strong and deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial cycle. Nature 2014; 517:73-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Startz T, Nguyen K, Peters R, Nankervis B, Jones M, Kilian R, Frank N, Vang B, Hill D. Maturation of dendritic cells from CD14+ monocytes in an automated functionally closed hollow fiber bioreactor system. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Frank
- Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton Massachusetts USA
- Division of Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Leicestershire UK
| | - R. Geor
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Michigan State University; East Lansing USA
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Abstract
Abnormalities of insulin metabolism include hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and these problems are collectively referred to as insulin dysregulation in this review. Insulin dysregulation is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome: a collection of endocrine and metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of laminitis in horses, ponies and donkeys. Insulin dysregulation can also accompany prematurity and systemic illness in foals. Causes of insulin resistance are discussed, including pathological conditions of obesity, systemic inflammation and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, as well as the physiological responses to stress and pregnancy. Most of the discussion of insulin dysregulation to date has focused on insulin resistance, but there is increasing interest in hyperinsulinaemia itself and insulin responses to feeding. An oral sugar test or in-feed oral glucose tolerance test can be performed to assess insulin responses to dietary carbohydrates, and these tests are now recommended for use in clinical practice. Incretin hormones are likely to play an important role in postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and are the subject of current research. Insulin resistance exacerbates hyperinsulinaemia, and insulin sensitivity can be measured by performing a combined glucose-insulin test or i.v. insulin tolerance test. In both of these tests, exogenous insulin is administered and the rate of glucose uptake into tissues measured. Diagnosis and management of hyperinsulinaemia is recommended to reduce the risk of laminitis. The term insulin dysregulation is introduced here to refer collectively to excessive insulin responses to sugars, fasting hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, which are all components of equine metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Frank
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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Kohley Z, Baumann T, Bazin D, Christian G, DeYoung PA, Finck JE, Frank N, Jones M, Lunderberg E, Luther B, Mosby S, Nagi T, Smith JK, Snyder J, Spyrou A, Thoennessen M. Study of two-neutron radioactivity in the decay of 26O. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:152501. [PMID: 25167255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new technique was developed to measure the lifetimes of neutron unbound nuclei in the picosecond range. The decay of 26O→24O+n+n was examined as it had been predicted to have an appreciable lifetime due to the unique structure of the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. The half-life of 26O was extracted as 4.5(-1.5)(+1.1)(stat)±3(syst) ps. This corresponds to 26O having a finite lifetime at an 82% confidence level and, thus, suggests the possibility of two-neutron radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kohley
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Baumann
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Christian
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P A DeYoung
- Department of Physics, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, USA
| | - J E Finck
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - N Frank
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois 61201, USA
| | - M Jones
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Lunderberg
- Department of Physics, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, USA
| | - B Luther
- Department of Physics, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota 56562, USA
| | - S Mosby
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Nagi
- Department of Physics, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, USA
| | - J K Smith
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Snyder
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Spyrou
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Thoennessen
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Knöfel AK, Frank N, Madrahimov N, Salman J, Sommer W, Jansson K, Ziehme P, Jonigk D, Avsar M, Haverich A, Warnecke G. T Cell Responses in Lung Transplantion – Role of Alloantigen Priming and Regulation on Development of Transplant Arteriosclerosis in a Humanized Mouse Model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can biological scientists working in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) have a role as health-care workers and, if so, how do they engage in the emotional labour commonly associated with health-care work? SUMMARY ANSWER The scientists at Fertility Associates (FA) in New Zealand perform the technical and emotional cares associated with health-care work in an occupationally specific manner, which we refer to as a hybrid care style. Their emotional labour consists of managing difficult patients, 'talking up' bad news, finding strategies to sustain hope and meaning, and 'clicking' or 'not clicking' with individual patients. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Effective emotional labour is a key component of patient-centred care and is as important to the experience of high-quality MAR as excellent clinical and scientific technique. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a qualitative study based on open-ended interviews and ethnographic observations with 14 staff in 2 laboratories conducted over 2 separate periods of 3 weeks duration in 2007. Analysis of fieldnotes and interviews was conducted using thematic analysis and an NVivo qualitative database and compared for consistency across each interviewer. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The participants were consenting biological scientists working in one of the two laboratories. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 'quiet' work times, and supervised access was allowed to all parts of the laboratories and meeting places. Opportunities for participant review of results and cross comparison of independent analysis by authors increases the faithfulness of fit of this account to laboratory life. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The study suggests that emotional labour is a part of routinized scientific labour in MAR laboratories for FA. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a qualitative study and thus the findings are not generalizable to populations beyond the study participants. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS While little has been published of the emotional component of scientist's working lives, there may be a New Zealand style of doing scientific work in MAR laboratories which is patient centred and which incorporates much higher patient contact and involvement than is experienced in other laboratories. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by a research grant from the University of Otago and was also partly funded by a Marsden Grant administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Fitzgerald
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Te Tari Mātai Tikanga Tangata o Nāianei me Onamata, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Madrahimov N, Knöfel AK, Frank N, Haverich A, Warnecke G. Orthotopic lung transplantation in mice: Development of a bronchiolitis obliterans model. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Frank N, Dubois M, Scholz G, Seefelder W, Chuat JY, Schilter B. Application of gastrointestinal modelling to the study of the digestion and transformation of dietary glycidyl esters. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:69-79. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.732245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Witte FG, Frank N, Wilkes R, Novak J. Association of Asinine Herpesvirus-5 with Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia in a Mare. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1064-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Frank
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; North Grafton; MA
| | | | - J.M. Novak
- Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tenessee; Knoxville; TN
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Lunderberg E, DeYoung PA, Kohley Z, Attanayake H, Baumann T, Bazin D, Christian G, Divaratne D, Grimes SM, Haagsma A, Finck JE, Frank N, Luther B, Mosby S, Nagi T, Peaslee GF, Schiller A, Snyder J, Spyrou A, Strongman MJ, Thoennessen M. Evidence for the ground-state resonance of 26O. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:142503. [PMID: 22540789 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.142503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the ground state of the neutron-unbound nucleus (26)O was observed for the first time in the single proton-knockout reaction from a 82 MeV/u (27)F beam. Neutrons were measured in coincidence with (24)O fragments. (26)O was determined to be unbound by 150(-150)(+50) keV from the observation of low-energy neutrons. This result agrees with recent shell-model calculations based on microscopic two- and three-nucleon forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lunderberg
- Department of Physics, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423, USA
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Spyrou A, Kohley Z, Baumann T, Bazin D, Brown BA, Christian G, DeYoung PA, Finck JE, Frank N, Lunderberg E, Mosby S, Peters WA, Schiller A, Smith JK, Snyder J, Strongman MJ, Thoennessen M, Volya A. First observation of ground state dineutron decay: 16Be. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:102501. [PMID: 22463404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first observation of dineutron emission in the decay of 16Be. A single-proton knockout reaction from a 53 MeV/u 17B beam was used to populate the ground state of 16Be. 16Be is bound with respect to the emission of one neutron and unbound to two-neutron emission. The dineutron character of the decay is evidenced by a small emission angle between the two neutrons. The two-neutron separation energy of 16Be was measured to be 1.35(10) MeV, in good agreement with shell model calculations, using standard interactions for this mass region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spyrou
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Christian G, Frank N, Ash S, Baumann T, Bazin D, Brown J, DeYoung PA, Finck JE, Gade A, Grinyer GF, Grovom A, Hinnefeld JD, Lunderberg EM, Luther B, Mosby M, Mosby S, Nagi T, Peaslee GF, Rogers WF, Smith JK, Snyder J, Spyrou A, Strongman MJ, Thoennessen M, Warren M, Weisshaar D, Wersal A. Exploring the low-Z shore of the island of inversion at n=19. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:032501. [PMID: 22400733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.032501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The technique of invariant mass spectroscopy has been used to measure, for the first time, the ground state energy of neutron-unbound (28)F, determined to be a resonance in the (27)F+n continuum at 220(50) keV. States in (28)F were populated by the reactions of a 62 MeV/u (29)Ne beam impinging on a 288 mg/cm(2) beryllium target. The measured (28)F ground state energy is in good agreement with USDA/USDB shell model predictions, indicating that pf shell intruder configurations play only a small role in the ground state structure of (28)F and establishing a low-Z boundary of the island of inversion for N=19 isotones.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Christian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Muehlich S, Hampl V, Khalid S, Singer S, Frank N, Breuhahn K, Gudermann T, Prywes R. The transcriptional coactivators megakaryoblastic leukemia 1/2 mediate the effects of loss of the tumor suppressor deleted in liver cancer 1. Oncogene 2011; 31:3913-23. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Frank N. [62-year-old patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia and persistent fever in chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:1974; author reply 1974. [PMID: 21935862 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sullivan AP, Frank N, Onstad G, Simpson CD, Collett JL. Application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography–pulsed amperometric detection for measuring carbohydrates in routine daily filter samples collected by a national network: 1. Determination of the impact of biomass burning in the upper Midwest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chameroy KA, Frank N, Elliott SB, Boston RC. Effects of a supplement containing chromium and magnesium on morphometric measurements, resting glucose, insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity in laminitic obese horses. Equine Vet J 2010; 43:494-9. [PMID: 21496075 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for laminitis in equids and supplements containing chromium and magnesium might improve insulin sensitivity. HYPOTHESIS A supplement containing chromium, magnesium and other nutraceuticals would alter morphometric measurements, blood variables, and insulin sensitivity in laminitic obese horses. METHODS Twelve previously laminitic obese (body condition score ≥ 7/9) horses were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups and 2 obese horses with clinical laminitis were included in the treatment group. Treated animals received 56 g supplement with 0.25 kg oats once daily for 16 weeks. The supplement contained chromium (5 mg/day as yeast), magnesium (8.8 g/day as oxide/proteinate), and other nutraceuticals. Insulin-modified frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance tests were performed with hay provided at 0, 8 and 16 weeks, and insulin sensitivity was estimated by minimal model analysis. Physical measurements were collected at the same points. Horses were not exercised. RESULTS Hyperinsulinaemia (>30 µu/ml) was detected in 12 of 14 horses prior to treatment. Glucose and insulin data from one mare with clinical laminitis were excluded because of persistent pain. Mean ± s.d. insulin sensitivity was 0.64 ± 0.62 × 10(-4) l/min/mu prior to treatment for the remaining 13 horses. Time and treatment × time effects were not significant for any of the variables examined, with the exception of resting insulin concentrations, which significantly increased over time (P = 0.018). Health status remained the same. CONCLUSIONS The supplement containing chromium and magnesium evaluated in this study did not alter morphometric measurements, blood variables, resting insulin concentrations or insulin sensitivity in laminitic obese horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Additional research is required to determine the appropriate use of chromium and magnesium supplements in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Chameroy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Frank N, Elliott S, Chameroy K, Tóth F, Chumbler N, McClamroch R. Association of Season and Pasture Grazing with Blood Hormone and Metabolite Concentrations in Horses with Presumed Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:1167-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tóth F, Frank N, Chameroy KA, Bostont RC. Effects of endotoxaemia and carbohydrate overload on glucose and insulin dynamics and the development of laminitis in horses. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:852-8. [PMID: 20383981 DOI: 10.2746/042516409x479027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for pasture-associated laminitis in equids and alimentary carbohydrate overload may trigger laminitis. Whether glucose metabolism responses to carbohydrate overload are more pronounced in insulin-resistant horses requires further study. HYPOTHESIS Horses pretreated with endotoxin to alter insulin sensitivity differ significantly in their glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrate overload. METHODS Horses (n=24) were divided into 3 groups. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n=8) group that received endotoxin as an 8 h 7.5 ng/kg bwt/h i.v. continuous rate infusion, an oligofructose (OF; n=8) group that received an infusion of saline followed by 5 g/kg bwt OF via nasogastric intubation, and a LPS/OF (n=8) group that received LPS followed 16 h later by OF. Glucose and insulin dynamics were evaluated at -24 h and 48 h using the frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. Physical examinations and haematology were performed and the severity of laminitis assessed. RESULTS Horses receiving LPS developed leucopenia and both LPS and OF induced clinical signs consistent with systemic inflammation. Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) over time, but responses did not differ significantly among groups. Time (P < 0.001) and treatment x time (P = 0.038) effects were detected for the acute insulin response to glucose, with mean values significantly increasing in LPS and LPS/OF groups, but not the OF group. Five horses in the LPS/OF group developed clinical laminitis compared with 0 and 2 horses in the LPS and OF groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxaemia and carbohydrate overload reduce insulin sensitivity in horses. Endotoxin pretreatment does not affect the alterations in glucose metabolism induced by carbohydrate overload. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Insulin sensitivity decreases after carbohydrate overload in horses, which may be relevant to the development of pasture-associated laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tóth
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Tadros L, Frank N, Horohov D. Inflammatory Cytokine Blood Messenger RNA Expression During the Development of Oligofructose-Induced Laminitis in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Strathmann J, Bertl E, Hussong R, Klimo K, Steinle R, Frank N, Gerhauser C. XANTHOHUMOL FROM HOPS PREVENTS HORMONE-DEPENDENT TUMOURIGENESIS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2009.848.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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