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Sirajudeen MS, Alzhrani M, Alanazi A, Alqahtani M, Waly M, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H, Alrubaia W, Alanazi N, Seyam MK, Kashoo F, Miraj M, Channmgere Govindappa S, Alghamdi KA, Al-Hussinan NM. Prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14443. [PMID: 36540801 PMCID: PMC9760021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The smartphone emerges as an inevitable gadget in modern society and its increased usage results in neck disorders among its users. However, the factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users are ambiguous and less explored in the literature. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students who were aged 18 years and older, owned a smartphone, and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, neck disorders, and the level of physical activity. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of neck disorders and text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and level of physical activity. The 12 months prevalence of neck disorders due to smartphone use among the participants was found to be 46%. The neck disorders were more prevalent among participants who reported text neck posture (P < 0.001) and categorized as smartphone-addicted/overuse (P < 0.001). Measures to promote the awareness of healthy use of smartphones including postural education and to decrease its screen time are warranted to reduce neck disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Waly
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Alrubaia
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Seyam
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Sirajudeen MS, Alzhrani M, Alanazi A, Alqahtani M, Waly M, Manzar MD, Hegazy FA, Mohd Jamali MNZ, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H, Alrubaia W, Alanazi N, Kashoo FZ, Miraj M. Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122373. [PMID: 36553897 PMCID: PMC9777717 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of upper limb MSDs, smartphone addiction/overuse, and levels of physical activity were recorded using the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale (short version), and the international physical activity questionnaire (short form), respectively. Data collection was performed on campus between March and May 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of upper limb MSDs and smartphone addiction/overuse and levels of physical activity. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand regions due to smartphone use among participants was found to be 20.13%, 5.11%, and 13.42%, respectively. Shoulder (odds ratio (OR) = 11.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64−27.94, p < 0.001), elbow (OR = 15.38, 95% CI = 1.92−123.26, p = 0.01), and wrist/hand MSDs (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 2.75−21.22, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among participants who were categorized as having smartphone addiction/overuse measures. Promoting awareness about the healthy use of smartphones, including postural education and decreasing screen time, is necessary to reduce smartphone-related MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Waly
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A. Hegazy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Alrubaia
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidaa Alanazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Bakhsh H, Alenizy H, Alenazi S, Alnasser S, Alanazi N, Alsowinea M, Alharbi L, Alfaifi B. Amniotic fluid disorders and the effects on prenatal outcome: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:75. [PMID: 33482755 PMCID: PMC7821638 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amniotic fluid is a protective liquid present in the amniotic sac. Two types of amniotic fluid disorders have been identified. First refers to polyhydramnios, which is an immoderate volume of amniotic fluid with an Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) greater than 24 cm. Second includes oligohydramnios, which refers to decreased AFI i.e., less than 5 cm. This study aims to; a) identify the maternal risk factors associated with amniotic fluid disorders, b) assess the effect of amniotic fluid disorders on maternal and fetal outcome c) examine the mode of delivery in pregnancy complicated with amniotic fluid disorders. Methods A comparative retrospective cohort study design is followed. Sample of 497 pregnant women who received care at King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) between January 2017 to October 2019 was included. Data were collected from electronic medical reports, and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Association of qualitative variables was conducted by Chi-square test, where p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among the collected data, 2.8% of the cases had polyhydramnios and 11.7% patients had oligohydramnios. One case of still born was identified. A statically significant association was found between polyhydramnios and late term deliveries (P = 0.005) and cesarean section (CS) rates (P = 0.008). The rate of term deliveries was equal in normal AFI and oligohydramnios group (P = 0.005). Oligohydramnios was mostly associated with vaginal deliveries (P = 0.008). Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus patients (P = 0.005), and polyhydramnios with gestational diabetes patients (P = 0.052). Other maternal chronic diseases showed no effect on amniotic fluid index, although it might cause other risks on the fetus. Conclusion Diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are the most important maternal risk factors that can cause amniotic fluid disorders. Maternal and fetal outcome data showed that oligohydramnios associated with gestational age at term and low neonatal birth weight with high rates of vaginal deliveries, while polyhydramnios associated with gestational age at late term and high birth weight with higher rates of CS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03549-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bakhsh
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H Alenizy
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alenazi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alnasser
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Alanazi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alsowinea
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Alharbi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Alfaifi
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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