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Palminteri M, Dhakar NK, Ferraresi A, Caldera F, Vidoni C, Trotta F, Isidoro C. Cyclodextrin nanosponge for the GSH-mediated delivery of Resveratrol in human cancer cells. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:197-212. [PMID: 33564618 PMCID: PMC7868003 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.53888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart drug delivery systems are required for the site-specific drug targeting to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of a drug. Resveratrol (RV) is a polyphenolic compound with anti-cancer activity. However, its poor aqueous solubility and non-selectivity are the major challenges for its employment in cancer therapy. In this work, we present the synthesis of RV-loaded glutathione responsive cyclodextrin nanosponges (RV-GSH-NSs) to improve the therapeutic efficiency and selective delivery of RV. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 16.12% and 80.64%, respectively. The in vitro release profile confirmed that RV release was enhanced in response to external glutathione (GSH). Nude NSs were not toxic per se to human fibroblasts when administered for up to 72 h at the highest dose. Cell internalization studies confirmed that RV-GSH-NSs were preferentially up-taken by tumor cells compared to non-tumorigenic cells. Accordingly, RV showed selective toxicity to cancer cells compared to normal cells. GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine, a potent inhibitor of its synthesis, reflected in a significant decrease of the NSs accumulation, and consequently resulted in a drastic reduction of RV-mediated toxic effects in cancer cells. These findings demonstrate that GSH- responsive NSs represent an effective delivery system for targeting cancer cells by harnessing the differential tumor characteristics in terms of redox status in parallel with the limitation of side effects toward normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palminteri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Nilesh Kumar Dhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
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Rubin Pedrazzo A, Caldera F, Zanetti M, Appleton SL, Dhakar NK, Trotta F. Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1554-1563. [PMID: 32704321 PMCID: PMC7356557 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are nanostructured crosslinked polymers made up of cyclodextrins. The reactive hydroxy groups of CDs allow them to act as multifunctional monomers capable of crosslinking to bi- or multifunctional chemicals. The most common NS synthetic pathway consists in dissolving the chosen CD and an appropriate crosslinker in organic polar aprotic liquids (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide), which affect the final result, especially for potential biomedical applications. This article describes a new, green synthetic pathway through mechanochemistry, in particular via ball milling and using 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole as the crosslinker. The polymer obtained exhibited the same characteristics as a CD-based carbonate NS synthesized in a solvent. Moreover, after the synthesis, the polymer was easily functionalized through the reaction of the nucleophilic carboxylic group with three different organic dyes (fluorescein, methyl red, and rhodamine B) and the still reactive imidazoyl carbonyl group of the NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Silvia Lucia Appleton
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Nilesh Kumar Dhakar
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
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Matencio A, Dhakar NK, Bessone F, Musso G, Cavalli R, Dianzani C, García-Carmona F, López-Nicolás JM, Trotta F. Study of oxyresveratrol complexes with insoluble cyclodextrin based nanosponges: Developing a novel way to obtain their complexation constants and application in an anticancer study. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 231:115763. [PMID: 31888848 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of the bioactive compound oxyresveratrol (OXY) with a polymer called cyclodextrin-based nanosponge (CD-NS) and its application was studied.A new methodology is used to calculate, an apparent inclusion complex constant (KFapp) between a ligand and CD-NSs. Moreover, the KFapp of resveratrol was also evaluated and compared. The complex of OXY with the nanosponge β-CDI 1:4, was studied in vitro using DSC, TGA and FTIR techniques and its drug loading and release behavior were studied. An in vitro digestion showed higher protection of OXY complexed than free OXY. The bioactivity enhancing capacity of OXY was also studied against prostate (PC-3) and colon (HT-29 and HCT-116) cancer cell lines, where it showed stronger cell viability inhibition than the free drug. The findings as a whole represent a new opportunity for studying the complexation of drugs in CD-NSs and the use of oxyresveratrol as an ingredient in nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Matencio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia - Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nilesh Kumar Dhakar
- Dip. Di Chemica IFM, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Bessone
- Dip. di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Musso
- Dip. Di Chemica IFM, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dip. di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dip. di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia - Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia - Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dip. Di Chemica IFM, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Rubin Pedrazzo A, Smarra A, Caldera F, Musso G, Dhakar NK, Cecone C, Hamedi A, Corsi I, Trotta F. Eco-Friendly β-cyclodextrin and Linecaps Polymers for the Removal of Heavy Metals. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101658. [PMID: 31614648 PMCID: PMC6835710 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment-friendly nanosponges, having a high content of carboxyl groups, were synthesized by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin and linecaps, a highly soluble pea starch derivative, with citric acid in water. Additionally, pyromellitic nanosponges were prepared by reacting β-cyclodextrin and linecaps with pyromellitic dianhydride in dimethyl sulfoxide and used in comparison with the citric nanosponges. After ion-exchange of the carboxyl groups H+ with sodium ions, the ability of the nanosponges to sequester heavy metal cations was investigated. At a metal concentration of 500 ppm, the pyromellitate nanosponges exhibited a higher retention capacity than the citrate nanosponges. At lower metal concentrations (≤50 ppm) both the citrate and the pyromellitate nanosponges showed high retention capacities (up to 94% of the total amount of metal), while, in the presence of interfering sea water salts, the citrate nanosponges were able to selectively adsorb a significantly higher amount of heavy metals than the pyromellitate nanosponges, almost double in the case of Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Smarra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Musso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Nilesh Kumar Dhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Asma Hamedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, 89195741 Yazd, Iran.
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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