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Kosiol N, Juranek S, Brossart P, Heine A, Paeschke K. G-quadruplexes: a promising target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:40. [PMID: 33632214 PMCID: PMC7905668 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA can fold into a variety of alternative conformations. In recent years, a particular nucleic acid structure was discussed to play a role in malignant transformation and cancer development. This structure is called a G-quadruplex (G4). G4 structure formation can drive genome instability by creating mutations, deletions and stimulating recombination events. The importance of G4 structures in the characterization of malignant cells was currently demonstrated in breast cancer samples. In this analysis a correlation between G4 structure formation and an increased intratumor heterogeneity was identified. This suggests that G4 structures might allow breast cancer stratification and supports the identification of new personalized treatment options. Because of the stability of G4 structures and their presence within most human oncogenic promoters and at telomeres, G4 structures are currently tested as a therapeutic target to downregulate transcription or to block telomere elongation in cancer cells. To date, different chemical molecules (G4 ligands) have been developed that aim to target G4 structures. In this review we discuss and compare G4 function and relevance for therapeutic approaches and their impact on cancer development for three cancer entities, which differ significantly in their amount and type of mutations: pancreatic cancer, leukemia and malignant melanoma. G4 structures might present a promising new strategy to individually target tumor cells and could support personalized treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kosiol
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Juranek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Becker J, May A, Gerges C, Anders M, Schmidt C, Veits L, Noder T, Mayershofer R, Kreuser N, Manner H, Venerito M, Hofer JH, Lyros O, Ahlbrand CJ, Arras M, Hofer S, Heinrichs SKM, Weise K, Hess T, Böhmer AC, Kosiol N, Kiesslich R, Izbicki JR, Hölscher AH, Bollschweiler E, Malfertheiner P, Lang H, Moehler M, Lorenz D, Ott K, Schmidt T, Nöthen MM, Hackelsberger A, Schumacher B, Pech O, Vashist Y, Vieth M, Weismüller J, Knapp M, Neuhaus H, Rösch T, Ell C, Gockel I, Schumacher J. The Barrett-associated variants at GDF7 and TBX5 also increase esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Cancer Med 2016; 5:888-91. [PMID: 26783083 PMCID: PMC4864818 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represent two stages within the esophagitis-metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. Previously genetic risk factors have been identified that confer risk to BE and EAC development. However, to which extent the genetic variants confer risk to different stages of the BE/EAC sequence remains mainly unknown. In this study we analyzed three most recently identified BE variants at the genes GDF7 (rs3072), TBX5 (rs2701108), and ALDH1A2 (rs3784262) separately in BE and EAC samples in order to determine their risk effects during BE/EAC sequence. Our data show that rs3072 at GDF7 and rs2701108 at TBX5 are also associated with EAC and conclude that both loci confer disease risk also at later stages of the BE/EAC sequence. In contrast, rs3784262 at ALDH1A2 was highly significantly associated with BE, but showed no association with EAC. Our data do not provide evidence that the ALDH1A2 locus confers equal risk in early and late stages of BE/EAC sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea May
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Anders
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Kinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tania Noder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Kreuser
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HSK Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constantin J Ahlbrand
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Arras
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie K M Heinrichs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Kosiol
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, HSK Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elfriede Bollschweiler
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Departments of General and Visceral Surgery, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Schumacher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Horst Neuhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ell
- Department of Medicine II, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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