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Mohebbi N, Schulz A, Spencer TL, Pos K, Mandel A, Casas J, Hu DL. The scaling of olfaction: Moths have relatively more olfactory surface area than mammals. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:81-89. [PMID: 35325136 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size affects nearly every aspect of locomotion and sensing, but little is known how body size influences olfaction. One reason for this missing link is that olfaction differs fundamentally from vision and hearing in that molecules are advected by fluid before depositing on olfactory sensors. This critical role of fluid flow in olfaction leads to complexities and trade-offs. For example, a greater density of hairs and sensory neurons may lead to greater collection, but can also lead to reduced flow through hairs and additional weight and drag due to a larger olfactory organ. In this study, we report the surface area and sensory neuron density in olfactory organs of 95 species of moths and mammals. We find that approximately 12-14 percent of an olfactory system's surface area is devoted to chemosensors. Furthermore, total olfactory surface area and olfactory sensing surface area scale with body mass to the 0.49 and 0.38 powers respectively, indicating that moths have a higher proportion of olfactory surface area than mammals. The density of olfactory neurons appears to be near the limit, at 10,000 to 100,000 neurons per square mm across both insects and mammals. This study demonstrates the need for future work detailing how scaling of olfaction and other senses vary across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mohebbi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrew Schulz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thomas L Spencer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kelsie Pos
- School of Biological Sciences, George Washington, University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Andrew Mandel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jerome Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David L Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Mohebbi N, Vargas-Poussou R, Hegemann SCA, Schuknecht B, Kistler AD, Wüthrich RP, Wagner CA. Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP6V1B1 gene in patients with renal tubular acidosis and sensorineural hearing loss. Clin Genet 2012; 83:274-8. [PMID: 22509993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by the inability to excrete acid in the renal collecting ducts resulting in inappropriately alkaline urine and hyperchloremic (normal anion gap) metabolic acidosis in the context of a normal (or near-normal) glomerular filtration rate. Inborn dRTA can be due to autosomal dominant or recessive gene defects. Clinical symptoms vary from mild acidosis, incidental detection of kidney stones or renal tract calcification to severe findings such as failure to thrive, severe metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis. The majority of patients with recessive dRTA present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Few cases with abnormal widening of the vestibular aqueduct have been described with dRTA. Mutations in three different genes have been identified, namely SLC4A1, ATP6V1B1, and ATP6V0A4. Patients with mutations in the ATP6V1B1 proton pump subunit develop dRTA and in most of the cases sensorineural hearing loss early in childhood. We present two patients from two different and non-consanguineous families with dRTA and SNHL. Direct sequencing of the ATP6V1B1 gene revealed that one patient harbors two homozygous mutations and the other one is a compound heterozygous. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature describing homozygosity in the same dRTA gene on both alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohebbi
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
A 42-year old woman was referred for a metabolic evaluation after two episodes of kidney stones. Her laboratory results revealed a normal anion-gap metabolic acidosis, a marked hypocitraturia (0,6 mmol/24h; norm 1,6-4,5) and a urinary pH of 7,0 confirming renal tubular acidosis (RTA). We identified topiramate, our patient's medication for migraine, as the cause of the RTA. Topiramate, a carboanhydrase inhibitor leads to RTA of a mixed (proximal and distal) type and thus significantly increases the risk for kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gerber
- Klinik für Nephrologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland
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Choi HJ, Lim JS, Park EJ, Jung HJ, Lee YJ, Kwon TH, Cesar KR, Araujo M, de Braganca AC, Magaldi AJ, Freisinger W, Ditting T, Heinlein S, Schatz J, Veelken R, Burki R, Mohebbi N, Wang X, Serra A, Wagner C, Ditting T, Freisinger W, Rodionova K, Heinlein S, Schmieder R, Veelken R, Yano Y, Kudo LH, Magaldi AJ, Choi HJ, Yoon YJ, Lim JS, Hwang GS, Kwon TH, Jo CH, Kim S, Park JS, Lee CH, Kang CM, Kim GH, Kokeny G, Szoleczky P, Fang L, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Freisinger W, Schatz J, Lampert A, Ditting T, Veelken R, Yano Y, Magaldi AJ, LEE WC, Wang YC, Chen JB, Santos C, Gomes AM, Ventura A, Almeida C, Seabra J, Daher E, Leite de Figueiredo P, Montenegro R, Montenegro R, Martins M, Bezerra da Silva G, Liborio A, Sromicki J, Matter S, Sitzmann K, Hess B, Lee J, Kim S, Lee JW, Oh YK, Na KY, Joo KW, Earm JH, Han JS, Ninchoji T, Kaito H, Nozu K, Hashimura Y, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M, Gorini A, Addesse R, Comegna C, Galderisi C, Cecilia A, Tomaselli M, Di Lullo L, Polito P. Acid-base/Na, K, Cl. Experimental and clinical. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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