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Pallie MS, Perera PK, Kumarasinghe N, Arawwawala M, Goonasekara CL. Ethnopharmacological Use and Biological Activities of Tragia involucrata L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:8848676. [PMID: 33381212 PMCID: PMC7755468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8848676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants have been utilized as medicines to treat various ailments since ancient times. Formulations made by plant materials have been used in traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine and remain widespread in both developing and developed countries. In developing countries, traditional medicines are widely practiced due to its accessibility and affordability, while in developed countries, complementary and alternative medicine are widely popular due to the adverse effects of chemical drugs. Tragia involucrata Linn. (family: Euphorbiaceae) is a highly used medicinal plant used in both Sri Lankan and Indian traditional medical systems. Since this plant is a weed, it is being extensively destroyed due to the lack of knowledge regarding the medicinal value of this plant. Hence, the objective of this study was to collect data on the medicinal value of this plant by correlating its scientifically validated biological activities with its ethnopharmacological uses. An attempt was made to gather as much information available regarding the ethnopharmacological uses and scientifically validated biological activities of Tragia involucrata through authentic traditional texts, scientific journals, and other authentic texts regarding medicinal plants. Thus, the review provides an insight to the capability of Tragia involucrata to be used as a monoherbal formulation for diseases pertaining to multiple systems of the body. With all the scientifically validated biological activities and the ethnopharmacological uses, Tragia involucrata may qualify as a potent candidate to be developed into a phytomedicine to be utilized as both a preventive and as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz S. Pallie
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
- Institute for Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Pathirage K. Perera
- Institute for Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
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Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, Florian IS, Olldashi F, Makhambetov Y, Isam B, Thu M, Enkhbayar T, Kumarasinghe N, Bajamal AH, Nair S, Sharif S, Sharma MR, Landeiro JA, Yampolsky CG, El-Ghandour NMF, Hossain AM, Sim S, Chemate S, Burhan H, Feng L, Andrade H, Germano IM. Correction to: Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32925985 PMCID: PMC7444201 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B. S. Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. A. Sufianov
- Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centre of Neurosurgery” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Rasulic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K. I. Arnautovic
- Semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA
| | - V. H. Dong
- Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I. S. Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County Romania
| | - F. Olldashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - B. Isam
- Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centre of Neurosurgery” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M. Thu
- Neurosurgical Centre, Yangon General Hospital, Yangoon, Myanmar
| | - Ts. Enkhbayar
- Mongolian Neurosurgical Society, Ulaabaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - A. H. Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S. Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Sharif
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Medical Sciences, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. R. Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. A. Landeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - C. G. Yampolsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. M. F. El-Ghandour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 81 Nasr Road, Nasr City, Cairo Egypt
| | - A. M. Hossain
- Bangladesh Society of Neurosurgeons, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. Sim
- Khema Clinic, 18 Street, Phnom Penh, 528 Cambodia
| | - S. Chemate
- DNB Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Hira Burhan
- Institute of Neurosciences, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - L. Feng
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - H. Andrade
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Juha Hernesniemi International Center for Neurosurgery, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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Padeniya RN, Thushari G, Nissanka DH, Shashika C, Munasinghe DH, Aberathne DM, Weerawardena PL, Galgamuwa LS, Kumarasinghe N, Liyanage L. Maternal coping strategies in response to child's oncological diseases in Sri Lanka. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:866-871. [PMID: 32286131 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1750695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Parents with cancer children face multiple and unexpected difficulties and apply coping strategies to minimize stressful conditions. The objective of this study was to assess maternal coping strategies in response to their children with cancer in Sri Lanka.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 mothers having children with cancers. Coping Health Inventory for Parents instrument was used to collect information about coping strategies.Results: More than 75% children were diagnosed as cancer more than 6 months before when starting this study. Maintaining family integration, cooperation, optimistic definition of the situation was the most helpful coping strategy while seeking medical helps through communication with parents and consultation with medical staff was the least helpful coping strategy among mothers. Gender of the child and current condition of the disease were significantly associated with social support and medical support. Type of disease was significantly associated with family support and the number of other children per mother was significantly associated with social support.Conclusions: Relaxation and counseling programs to modify less desirable coping strategies are emphasized for mothers who were with cancer children. More researches need to identify coping strategies and its impact on psychological and physical adjustment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwani Nilakshika Padeniya
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ganga Thushari
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Danushi Hashara Nissanka
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandi Shashika
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilani Hansamala Munasinghe
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepamal Maduranga Aberathne
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Piyumi Lanka Weerawardena
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakshika Liyanage
- Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, Florian IS, Olldashi F, Makhambetov Y, Isam B, Thu M, Enkhbayar T, Kumarasinghe N, Bajamal AH, Nair S, Sharif S, Sharma MR, Landeiro JA, Yampolsky CG, El-Ghandour NMF, Hossain AM, Sim S, Chemate S, Burhan H, Feng L, Andrade H, Germano IM. Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32922948 PMCID: PMC7398343 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competence-based programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato—one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B S Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A A Sufianov
- Federal State-Financed Institution "Federal Centre of Neurosurgery" of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Rasulic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K I Arnautovic
- Semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA
| | - V H Dong
- Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc university hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I S Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County Romania
| | - F Olldashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - B Isam
- Federal State-Financed Institution "Federal Centre of Neurosurgery" of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M Thu
- Neurosurgical Centre, Yangon General Hospital, Yangoon, Myanmar
| | - Ts Enkhbayar
- Mongolian Neurosurgical Society, Ulaabaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - A H Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Sharif
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Medical Sciences, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M R Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J A Landeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - C G Yampolsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N M F El-Ghandour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 81 Nasr Road, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Hossain
- Bangladesh Society of Neurosurgeons, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Sim
- Khema Clinic, 18 Street, Phnom Penh, 528 Cambodia
| | - S Chemate
- DNB Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Hira Burhan
- Institute of Neurosciences, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - L Feng
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - H Andrade
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Hess JL, Tylee DS, Barve R, de Jong S, Ophoff RA, Kumarasinghe N, Tooney P, Schall U, Gardiner E, Beveridge NJ, Scott RJ, Yasawardene S, Perera A, Mendis J, Carr V, Kelly B, Cairns M, Tsuang MT, Glatt SJ. Transcriptomic abnormalities in peripheral blood in bipolar disorder, and discrimination of the major psychoses. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:124-135. [PMID: 31391148 PMCID: PMC6997041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We performed a transcriptome-wide meta-analysis and gene co-expression network analysis to identify genes and gene networks dysregulated in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder (BD) cases relative to unaffected comparison subjects, and determined the specificity of the transcriptomic signatures of BD and schizophrenia (SZ). Nineteen genes and 4 gene modules were significantly differentially expressed in BD cases. Thirteen gene modules were shown to be differentially expressed in a combined case-group of BD and SZ subjects called "major psychosis", including genes biologically linked to apoptosis, reactive oxygen, chromatin remodeling, and immune signaling. No modules were differentially expressed between BD and SZ cases. Machine-learning classifiers trained to separate diagnostic classes based solely on gene expression profiles could distinguish BD cases from unaffected comparison subjects with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.724, as well as BD cases from SZ cases with AUC = 0.677 in withheld test samples. We introduced a novel and straightforward method called "polytranscript risk scoring" that could distinguish BD cases from unaffected subjects (AUC = 0.672) and SZ cases (AUC = 0.607) significantly better than expected by chance. Taken together, our results highlighted gene expression alterations common to BD and SZ that involve biological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and chromatin regulation, and highlight disorder-specific changes in gene expression that discriminate the major psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Daniel S. Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Rahul Barve
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Simone de Jong
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka,Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Erin Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Natalie Jane Beveridge
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Antionette Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayan Mendis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vaughan Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Murray Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A.,Please address correspondence to: Dr. Stephen J. Glatt, 3710 Neuroscience Research Building, Institute for Human Performance, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13202, , Phone: 1 (315) 464-7742
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Fernando HN, Wimaladasa ITP, Sathkoralage AN, Ariyadasa AN, Udeni C, Galgamuwa LS, Herath P, Kumarasinghe N. Socioeconomic factors associated with tobacco smoking among adult males in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:778. [PMID: 31215438 PMCID: PMC6582511 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is considered as a major public health issue worldwide. Reduction of tobacco usage has been one of the main government policies in Sri Lanka and the price of cigarettes has been raised several times in the last few years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic factors associated with tobacco smoking among adult males in Sri Lanka. Methods A study was conducted in Gampaha district in Sri Lanka recruiting 365 tobacco smoking people and their spouses. Data regarding tobacco smoking were obtained using an interviewer administrated questionnaire. Results Frequency of tobacco smoking was negatively associated with the improvement of educational levels. Employment, monthly income, influence of friends, smoking frequency before price increment, weekly expenditure for smoking, low educational level and the age of first smoking exposure was significantly associated with tobacco smoking among smokers. According to the spouses, smoking frequency before price increment, weekly expenditure of the husbands of smoking and influence of friends, number on smoking friends, spouse’s employment and husband’s monthly income were factors associated with tobacco smoking of their husbands. In addition, smoking at home, at work places and at friend’s houses was significant with the frequency of daily smoking. Conclusions Increasing the price of tobacco products has no significant impact on smoking behaviors in Sri Lanka. The need for essential strategies to educate and motivate the smokers to stop smoking is required. Primary care health workers might play a major role in motivating smokers to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya Nilakshi Fernando
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Anjali Nimaya Sathkoralage
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashani Nisansala Ariyadasa
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chathurika Udeni
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Prasanna Herath
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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7
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Fernando S, Kumarasinghe N. Modeling honeybee communication using network of spiking neural networks to simulate nectar reporting behavior. Artif Life Robotics 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10015-017-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction In Ayurveda, many natural plant compounds are used to inhibit inflammatory pathways for centuries with less side effects. Different parts of Ficus racemosa L. (Udumber) plant are used in Ayurveda for many diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate pharmacological activities of F. racemosa. Objective The objective of the study was to in vitro analyze anti-inflammatory property of F. racemosa bark using albumin denaturation activity. Methodology F. racemosa bark extraction was performed using cold water and hot water. The concentration gradient of extracts was prepared using egg albumin and phosphate-buffered saline. The extract was incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 15 min and was heated at 70°C for 5 min. One nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and one steroid were used as reference drugs. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated. Results The inhibition rate of egg albumin denaturation for water extraction increased gradually with concentration. Significantly higher inhibition was showed in hot water extracts than cold water extracts at the concentration of 0.01 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/ml. In addition, the inhibition rate of water extraction was significantly higher than the reference drugs (P < 0.05). Conclusion Anti-inflammatory activity increases with the concentration of F. racemosa bark. Furthermore, the action of this plant is significantly higher than the reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Dharmadeva
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
| | - C Prasadinie
- Department of Alternative Medicine, Institute of Ayurveda and Alternative Medicine, Panadura, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Hess JL, Tylee DS, Barve R, de Jong S, Ophoff RA, Kumarasinghe N, Tooney P, Schall U, Gardiner E, Beveridge NJ, Scott RJ, Yasawardene S, Perera A, Mendis J, Carr V, Kelly B, Cairns M, Tsuang MT, Glatt SJ. Transcriptome-wide mega-analyses reveal joint dysregulation of immunologic genes and transcription regulators in brain and blood in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:114-124. [PMID: 27450777 PMCID: PMC5026943 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of microarray technology in schizophrenia research was heralded as paradigm-shifting, as it allowed for high-throughput assessment of cell and tissue function. This technology was widely adopted, initially in studies of postmortem brain tissue, and later in studies of peripheral blood. The collective body of schizophrenia microarray literature contains apparent inconsistencies between studies, with failures to replicate top hits, in part due to small sample sizes, cohort-specific effects, differences in array types, and other confounders. In an attempt to summarize existing studies of schizophrenia cases and non-related comparison subjects, we performed two mega-analyses of a combined set of microarray data from postmortem prefrontal cortices (n=315) and from ex-vivo blood tissues (n=578). We adjusted regression models per gene to remove non-significant covariates, providing best-estimates of transcripts dysregulated in schizophrenia. We also examined dysregulation of functionally related gene sets and gene co-expression modules, and assessed enrichment of cell types and genetic risk factors. The identities of the most significantly dysregulated genes were largely distinct for each tissue, but the findings indicated common emergent biological functions (e.g. immunity) and regulatory factors (e.g., predicted targets of transcription factors and miRNA species across tissues). Our network-based analyses converged upon similar patterns of heightened innate immune gene expression in both brain and blood in schizophrenia. We also constructed generalizable machine-learning classifiers using the blood-based microarray data. Our study provides an informative atlas for future pathophysiologic and biomarker studies of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Daniel S. Tylee
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Rahul Barve
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A
| | - Simone de Jong
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Tooney
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Erin Gardiner
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Natalie Jane Beveridge
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Antionette Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayan Mendis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vaughan Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Murray Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience and Physiology; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY, U.S.A,To whom correspondence should be addressed: SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, Phone: (315) 464-7742,
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Bergon A, Belzeaux R, Comte M, Pelletier F, Hervé M, Gardiner EJ, Beveridge NJ, Liu B, Carr V, Scott RJ, Kelly B, Cairns MJ, Kumarasinghe N, Schall U, Blin O, Boucraut J, Tooney PA, Fakra E, Ibrahim EC. CX3CR1 is dysregulated in blood and brain from schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:434-43. [PMID: 26285829 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Although schizophrenia is a mental disorder, there is increasing evidence to indicate that inflammatory processes driven by diverse environmental factors play a significant role in its development. With gene expression studies having been conducted across a variety of sample types, e.g., blood and postmortem brain, it is possible to investigate convergent signatures that may reveal interactions between the immune and nervous systems in schizophrenia pathophysiology. We conducted two meta-analyses of schizophrenia microarray gene expression data (N=474) and non-psychiatric control (N=485) data from postmortem brain and blood. Then, we assessed whether significantly dysregulated genes in schizophrenia could be shared between blood and brain. To validate our findings, we selected a top gene candidate and analyzed its expression by RT-qPCR in a cohort of schizophrenia subjects stabilized by atypical antipsychotic monotherapy (N=29) and matched controls (N=31). Meta-analyses highlighted inflammation as the major biological process associated with schizophrenia and that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 was significantly down-regulated in schizophrenia. This differential expression was also confirmed in our validation cohort. Given both the recent data demonstrating selective CX3CR1 expression in subsets of neuroimmune cells, as well as behavioral and neuropathological observations of CX3CR1 deficiency in mouse models, our results of reduced CX3CR1 expression adds further support for a role played by monocyte/microglia in the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bergon
- INSERM, TAGC UMR_S 1090, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Aix Marseille Université, TAGC UMR_S 1090, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France; FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, 94000 Créteil, France; AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Magali Comte
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Florence Pelletier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France; FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Mylène Hervé
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France; FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Erin J Gardiner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Natalie J Beveridge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Kids Cancer Alliance, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vaughan Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2301, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia; University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; National Institute of Mental Health, Angoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ulrich Schall
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Olivier Blin
- CIC-UPCET et Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - José Boucraut
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France; FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Eric Fakra
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France; CHU de Saint-Etienne, Pôle de Psychiatrie, 42100 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France; FondaMental, Fondation de Recherche et de Soins en Santé Mentale, 94000 Créteil, France.
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Abstract
Reported case was a 63-year-old female with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) (Sandhigata Vata) of the left knee joint accompanied by exostoses. Radiology (X-ray) report confirmed it as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade III or less with exostoses. At the beginning, the Knee Society Rating System scores of pain, movement and stability were poor, and function score was fair. Srilankan traditional and Ayurveda medicine treatment was given in three regimens for 70 days. After 70 days, external treatment of oleation and 2 capsules of Shallaki (Boswellia serrata Triana and Planch) and two tablets of Jeewya (comprised of Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Millers. and Terminalia chebula Retz.), twice daily were continued over 5 months. Visual analogue scale for pain, knee scores in the Knee Society online rating system and a Ayurveda clinical assessment criteria was used to evaluate the effects of treatments in weekly basis. After treatment for 70 days, the Knee Society Rating System scores of pain, movement and stability were also improved up to good level and function score was improved up to excellent level. During the follow-up period, joint symptoms and signs and the knee scores were unchanged. In conclusion, this OA patient's quality of life was improved by the combined treatment of Sri Lankan traditional medicine and Ayurveda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathirage Kamal Perera
- Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka
| | - Manaram Perera
- Department of Ayurveda, Ministry of Indigenous Medicine, Ayurvedic Community Health Promotion Service, Mahawilachchiya, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Department of Pre Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
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Kumarasinghe N, Rasser PE, Mendis J, Bergmann J, Knechtel L, Oxley S, Perera A, Thompson PM, Tooney PA, Schall U. Age effects on cerebral grey matter and their associations with psychopathology, cognition and treatment response in previously untreated schizophrenia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With an estimated 80% heritability, molecular genetic research into schizophrenia has remained inconclusive. Recent large-scale, genome-wide association studies only identified a small number of susceptibility genes with individually very small effect sizes. However, the variable expression of the phenotype is not well captured in diagnosis-based research as well as when assuming a 'heterogenic risk model' (as apposed to a monogenic or polygenic model). Hence, the expression of susceptibility genes in response to environmental factors in concert with other disease-promoting or protecting genes has increasingly attracted attention. METHOD The current review summarises findings of microarray gene expression research with relevance to schizophrenia as they emerged over the past decade. RESULTS Most findings from post mortem, peripheral tissues and animal models to date have linked altered gene expression in schizophrenia to presynaptic function, signalling, myelination, neural migration, cellular immune mechanisms, and response to oxidative stress consistent with multiple small effects of many individual genes. However, the majority of results are difficult to interpret due to small sample sizes (i.e. potential type-2 errors), confounding factors (i.e. medication effects) or lack of plausible neurobiological theory. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, microarray gene expression research is likely to play an important role in the future when investigating gene/gene and gene/environment interactions by adopting a neurobiologically sound theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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