Social network methods for endemic foci of syphilis: a pilot project

BACKGROUND

Social network methods have improved our understanding of sexually transmitted disease transmission dynamics, and may be of use in routine field operations for partner notification.

GOAL

To augment traditional syphilis-control activities with social network methods in an Atlanta area with high syphilis morbidity.

STUDY DESIGN

Disease investigators conducted interviews, used network diagrams to prioritize their work, and relied on network connections for finding hard-to-reach persons.

RESULTS

A total of 396 contacts were elicited from 48 infected and 50 uninfected persons. The cumulative prevalence of syphilis was 12.6%, and 24 persons infected with HIV were identified. Network methods disclosed a large, interconnected group (276 persons) characterized by high network centrality and the substantial presence of small, interactive subgroups (microstructures).

CONCLUSION

The network approach is a feasible field technique, and can identify core groups involved in the intense transmission of syphilis. The targeted, network-based approach may be useful in attempts to eliminate syphilis.

Diagnosis of avian adenovirus infections using DNA in situ hybridization

Three DNA oligonucleotide probes designated FN-23, FN-48, and FN-96 were evaluated for the diagnosis of aviadenovirus infections by DNA in situ hybridization. Paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from birds with confirmed adenovirus infection, birds with putative adenovirus infections, and birds with intranuclear inclusions caused by herpesvirus and polyomavirus. In birds with confirmed adenovirus infection, probes FN-23 and FN-96 identified 78% and 72% of diseased individuals, respectively. Only probe FN-48 detected chickens with group II adenovirus infection. In birds with putative adenovirus infection, the DNA probes confirmed aviadenovirus infections in 76% of the population. Probes FN-23, FN-96, and FN-48 detected 85%, 74%, and 18% of adenovirus-infected birds, respectively. None of the DNA probes cross-hybridized with tissues from polyomavirus-infected psittaciform birds or with tissues from a chicken with infectious laryngotracheitis. In contrast, probe FN-23 did cross-hybridize to herpesvirus-infected tissues from two of eight psittaciform birds with Pacheco's parrot disease. Probes FN-48 and FN-96 did not react with these tissues.