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Zhang S, Pakarinen OH, Backholm M, Djurabekova F, Nordlund K, Keinonen J, Wang TS. Absence of single critical dose for the amorphization of quartz under ion irradiation. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:015403. [PMID: 29105649 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we first simulated the amorphization of crystalline quartz under 50 keV [Formula: see text]Na ion irradiation with classical molecular dynamics (MD). We then used binary collision approximation algorithms to simulate the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling conditions (RBS-C) from these irradiated MD cells, and compared the RBS-C spectra with experiments. The simulated RBS-C results show an agreement with experiments in the evolution of amorphization as a function of dose, showing what appears to be (by this measure) full amorphization at about 2.2 eV⋅[Formula: see text]. We also applied other analysis methods, such as angular structure factor, Wigner-Seitz, coordination analysis and topological analysis, to analyze the structural evolution of the irradiated MD cells. The results show that the atomic-level structure of the sample keeps evolving after the RBS signal has saturated, until the dose of about 5 eV⋅[Formula: see text]. The continued evolution of the [Formula: see text] structure makes the definition of what is, on the atomic level, an amorphized quartz ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, People's Republic of China. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FIN-00014, Finland
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Schauries D, Lang M, Pakarinen OH, Botis S, Afra B, Rodriguez MD, Djurabekova F, Nordlund K, Severin D, Bender M, Li WX, Trautmann C, Ewing RC, Kirby N, Kluth P. Temperature dependence of ion track formation in quartz and apatite. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813022802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion tracks were created in natural quartz and fluorapatite from Durango, Mexico, by irradiation with 2.2 GeV Au ions at elevated temperatures of up to 913 K. The track radii were analysed using small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing an increase in the ion track radius of approximately 0.1 nm per 100 K increase in irradiation temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations and thermal spike calculations are in good agreement with these values and indicate that the increase in track radii at elevated irradiation temperatures is due to a lower energy required to reach melting of the material. The post-irradiation annealing behaviour studied for apatite remained unchanged.
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Ridgway MC, Bierschenk T, Giulian R, Afra B, Rodriguez MD, Araujo LL, Byrne AP, Kirby N, Pakarinen OH, Djurabekova F, Nordlund K, Schleberger M, Osmani O, Medvedev N, Rethfeld B, Kluth P. Tracks and voids in amorphous Ge induced by swift heavy-ion irradiation. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:245502. [PMID: 25165936 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.245502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ion tracks formed in amorphous Ge by swift heavy-ion irradiation have been identified with experiment and modeling to yield unambiguous evidence of tracks in an amorphous semiconductor. Their underdense core and overdense shell result from quenched-in radially outward material flow. Following a solid-to-liquid phase transformation, the volume contraction necessary to accommodate the high-density molten phase produces voids, potentially the precursors to porosity, along the ion direction. Their bow-tie shape, reproduced by simulation, results from radially inward resolidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ridgway
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - T Bierschenk
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - R Giulian
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - B Afra
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - M D Rodriguez
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - L L Araujo
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - A P Byrne
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - N Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - O H Pakarinen
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Djurabekova
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nordlund
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Schleberger
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - O Osmani
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany and Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - N Medvedev
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - P Kluth
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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Afra B, Rodriguez MD, Trautmann C, Pakarinen OH, Djurabekova F, Nordlund K, Bierschenk T, Giulian R, Ridgway MC, Rizza G, Kirby N, Toulemonde M, Kluth P. SAXS investigations of the morphology of swift heavy ion tracks in α-quartz. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:045006. [PMID: 23238277 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/4/045006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of swift heavy ion tracks in crystalline α-quartz was investigated using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and transmission electron microscopy. Tracks were generated by irradiation with heavy ions with energies between 27 MeV and 2.2 GeV. The analysis of the SAXS data indicates a density change of the tracks of ~2 ± 1% compared to the surrounding quartz matrix for all irradiation conditions. The track radii only show a weak dependence on the electronic energy loss at values above 17 keV nm(-1), in contrast to values previously reported from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry measurements and expectations from the inelastic thermal spike model. The MD simulations are in good agreement at low energy losses, yet predict larger radii than SAXS at high ion energies. The observed discrepancies are discussed with respect to the formation of a defective halo around an amorphous track core, the existence of high stresses and/or the possible presence of a boiling phase in quartz predicted by the inelastic thermal spike model.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Afra
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
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Kluth P, Schnohr CS, Pakarinen OH, Djurabekova F, Sprouster DJ, Giulian R, Ridgway MC, Byrne AP, Trautmann C, Cookson DJ, Nordlund K, Toulemonde M. Fine structure in swift heavy ion tracks in amorphous SiO2. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:175503. [PMID: 18999762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of a fine structure in ion tracks in amorphous SiO2 using small angle x-ray scattering measurements. Tracks were generated by high energy ion irradiation with Au and Xe between 27 MeV and 1.43 GeV. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, the tracks consist of a core characterized by a significant density deficit compared to unirradiated material, surrounded by a high density shell. The structure is consistent with a frozen-in pressure wave originating from the center of the ion track as a result of a thermal spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kluth
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
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