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Panigrahi GK, Praharaj PP, Kittaka H, Mridha AR, Black OM, Singh R, Mercer R, van Bokhoven A, Torkko KC, Agarwal C, Agarwal R, Abd Elmageed ZY, Yadav H, Mishra SK, Deep G. Exosome proteomic analyses identify inflammatory phenotype and novel biomarkers in African American prostate cancer patients. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1110-1123. [PMID: 30623593 PMCID: PMC6434210 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African American men face a stark prostate cancer (PCa)-related health disparity, with the highest incidence and mortality rates compared to other races. Additional and innovative measures are warranted to reduce this health disparity. Here, we focused on the identification of a novel serum exosome-based "protein signature" for potential use in the early detection and better prognosis of PCa in African American men. Nanoparticle tracking analyses showed that compared to healthy individuals, exosome concentration (number/ml) was increased by ~3.2-fold (P ˂ 0.05) in the sera of African American men with PCa. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of serum exosomes identified seven unique and fifty-five overlapping proteins (up- or downregulated) in African Americans with PCa compared to healthy African Americans. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analyses identified the inflammatory acute-phase response signaling as the top pathway associated with proteins loaded in exosomes from African American PCa patients. Interestingly, African American PCa E006AA-hT cells secreted exosomes strongly induced a proinflammatory M2-phenotype in macrophages and showed calcium response on sensory neurons, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. Additionally, proteomic analyses showed that the protein Isoform 2 of Filamin A has higher loading (2.6-fold) in exosomes from African Americans with PCa, but a lesser loading (0.6-fold) was observed in exosomes from Caucasian men with PCa compared to race-matched healthy individuals. Interestingly, TCGA and Taylor's dataset as well as IHC analyses of PCa tissue showed a lower Filamin A expression in tissues of PCa patients compared with normal subjects. Overall, these results support the usefulness of serum exosomes to noninvasively detect inflammatory phenotype and to discover novel biomarkers associated with PCa in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gati K Panigrahi
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hiroki Kittaka
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Asit R Mridha
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Olen M Black
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Roger Mercer
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen C Torkko
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Rangel College of Pharmacy, College Station, Texas
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gagan Deep
- Cancer Biology Department, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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