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Nippa DF, Atz K, Müller AT, Wolfard J, Isert C, Binder M, Scheidegger O, Konrad DB, Grether U, Martin RE, Schneider G. Identifying opportunities for late-stage C-H alkylation with high-throughput experimentation and in silico reaction screening. Commun Chem 2023; 6:256. [PMID: 37985850 PMCID: PMC10661846 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the properties of advanced drug candidates is aided by the direct incorporation of specific chemical groups, avoiding the need to construct the entire compound from the ground up. Nevertheless, their chemical intricacy often poses challenges in predicting reactivity for C-H activation reactions and planning their synthesis. We adopted a reaction screening approach that combines high-throughput experimentation (HTE) at a nanomolar scale with computational graph neural networks (GNNs). This approach aims to identify suitable substrates for late-stage C-H alkylation using Minisci-type chemistry. GNNs were trained using experimentally generated reactions derived from in-house HTE and literature data. These trained models were then used to predict, in a forward-looking manner, the coupling of 3180 advanced heterocyclic building blocks with a diverse set of sp3-rich carboxylic acids. This predictive approach aimed to explore the substrate landscape for Minisci-type alkylations. Promising candidates were chosen, their production was scaled up, and they were subsequently isolated and characterized. This process led to the creation of 30 novel, functionally modified molecules that hold potential for further refinement. These results positively advocate the application of HTE-based machine learning to virtual reaction screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Nippa
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kenneth Atz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Müller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Wolfard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Isert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Binder
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Scheidegger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Weber S, Gavaghan K, Wimmer W, Williamson T, Gerber N, Anso J, Bell B, Feldmann A, Rathgeb C, Matulic M, Stebinger M, Schneider D, Mantokoudis G, Scheidegger O, Wagner F, Kompis M, Caversaccio M. Instrument flight to the inner ear. Sci Robot 2021; 2. [PMID: 30246168 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aal4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Surgical robot systems can work beyond the limits of human perception, dexterity and scale making them inherently suitable for use in microsurgical procedures. However, despite extensive research, image-guided robotics applications for microsurgery have seen limited introduction into clinical care to date. Among others, challenges are geometric scale and haptic resolution at which the surgeon cannot sufficiently control a device outside the range of human faculties. Mechanisms are required to ascertain redundant control on process variables that ensure safety of the device, much like instrument-flight in avionics. Cochlear implantation surgery is a microsurgical procedure, in which specific tasks are at sub-millimetric scale and exceed reliable visuo-tactile feedback. Cochlear implantation is subject to intra- and inter-operative variations, leading to potentially inconsistent clinical and audiological outcomes for patients. The concept of robotic cochlear implantation aims to increase consistency of surgical outcomes such as preservation of residual hearing and reduce invasiveness of the procedure. We report successful image-guided, robotic CI in human. The robotic treatment model encompasses: computer-assisted surgery planning, precision stereotactic image-guidance, in-situ assessment of tissue properties and multipolar neuromonitoring (NM), all based on in vitro, in vivo and pilot data. The model is expandable to integrate additional robotic functionalities such as cochlear access and electrode insertion. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and possibilities of using robotic technology for microsurgery on the lateral skull base. It has the potential for benefit in other microsurgical domains for which there is no task-oriented, robotic technology available at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weber
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - K Gavaghan
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - W Wimmer
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - T Williamson
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - N Gerber
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - J Anso
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - B Bell
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - A Feldmann
- Institute for Surgical Technologies and Biomechanics, University of Bern
| | - C Rathgeb
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - M Matulic
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - M Stebinger
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - D Schneider
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern
| | - G Mantokoudis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - O Scheidegger
- Department Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - F Wagner
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - M Kompis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - M Caversaccio
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital
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Balsiger F, Steindel C, Arn M, Wagner B, El-Koussy M, Rösler K, Valenzuela W, Reyes M, Scheidegger O. P13. Semi-automatic, machine-learning based segmentation of peripheral nerves for quantitative morphometry: Comparison of low- and high-resolution MR neurography. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rösler K, Marti F, Scheidegger O. P77. Effects of high resistance muscle training on cortico-spinal output during motor fatigue. A study using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hauf M, Jann K, Schindler K, Scheidegger O, Meyer K, Rummel C, Mariani L, Koenig T, Wiest R. Localizing seizure-onset zones in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy by electroencephalography/fMRI: effectiveness of alternative thresholding strategies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1818-24. [PMID: 22538072 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Simultaneous EEG/fMRI is an effective noninvasive tool for identifying and localizing the SOZ in patients with focal epilepsy. In this study, we evaluated different thresholding strategies in EEG/fMRI for the assessment of hemodynamic responses to IEDs in the SOZ of drug-resistant epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with focal epilepsy were examined by using simultaneous 92-channel EEG and BOLD fMRI. The temporal fluctuation of epileptiform signals on the EEG was extracted by independent component analysis to predict the hemodynamic responses to the IEDs. We applied 3 different threshold criteria to detect hemodynamic responses within the SOZ: 1) PA, 2) a fixed threshold at P < .05 corrected for multiple comparison (FWE), and 3) FAV (4000 ± 200 activated voxels within the brain). RESULTS PA identified the SOZ in 9 of 16 patients; FWE resulted in concordant BOLD signal correlates in 11 of 16, and FAV in 13 of 16 patients. Hemodynamic responses were detected within the resected areas in 5 (PA), 6 (FWE), and 8 (FAV) of 10 patients who remained seizure-free after surgery. CONCLUSIONS EEG/fMRI is a noninvasive tool for the presurgical work-up of patients with epilepsy, which can be performed during seizure-free periods and is complementary to the ictal electroclinical assessment. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of EEG/fMRI in delineating the SOZ may be further improved by the additional use of alternative analysis strategies such as FAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hauf
- Support Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Diem T, Scheidegger O, Schubert CJ. Carbon Isotopic Composition in the Water Column of Lake Rotsee Reveals Importance of Methane Oxidation in Aquatic Environments. Chimia (Aarau) 2012; 66:257. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2012.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Scheidegger O, Kamm CP, Humpert SJ, Rösler KM. Corticospinal output during muscular fatigue differs in multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy controls. Mult Scler 2012; 18:1500-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458512438722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is a common and often disabling symptom. It has multiple causes with central motor fatigue playing an important role. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the central motor conduction changes in relation to muscle contraction force during muscle fatigue and recovery in MS patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 23 MS patients with fatigue and 13 healthy subjects were assessed during 2 minutes of fatiguing exercise of the abductor digiti minimi muscle of the hand and the subsequent 7 minutes of recovery. Central motor conduction was quantified by transcranial magnetic stimulation using the triple stimulation protocol and calculating a central conduction index (CCI). Results: Force declined to 36% of the pre-exercise level (SD 16%; p < 0.01) in MS patients and to 44% (SD 9%, p < 0.01) in healthy subjects (group differences, not statistically significant). The decline of the CCI was significantly less marked in patients (–20%, SD 26%, p < 0.05) than in healthy subjects (–57%, SD 15%, p < 0.05; group differences, p < 0.05). The decline of force and CCI were not correlated in either group. Conclusions: During a fatiguing exercise, the decline in central motor conduction is significantly less pronounced in MS patients than healthy subjects, although the reduction of force is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scheidegger
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - CP Kamm
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - SJ Humpert
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - KM Rösler
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
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Wiest R, Jann K, Koenig T, Scheidegger O, Dierks T, Meyer K, Mathis J, Schindler K, Hauf M. 4. Clinical application of simultaneous EEG/fMRI: The Bern experience 2006–2009. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scheidegger O, Jann K, König T, Meyer K, Wiest R, Hauf M. 13. Primary vs secondary bilateral synchrony – Insights using simultaneous EEG/fMRI. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Z'Graggen WJ, Brander L, Tuchscherer D, Scheidegger O, Takala J, Bostock H. Muscle membrane dysfunction in critical illness myopathy assessed by velocity recovery cycles. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 122:834-41. [PMID: 21044861 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that muscle fibers are depolarized in patients with critical illness myopathy by measuring velocity recovery cycles (VRCs) of muscle action potentials. METHODS VRCs were recorded from brachioradialis muscle by direct muscle stimulation in 10 patients in intensive care with evidence of critical illness myopathy (CIM). Two sets of recordings were made, mean 3.9 d apart, and compared with those from 10 age-matched controls. RESULTS Muscle supernormality was reduced in the patients by 50% compared with controls (P<0.002) and relative refractory period was increased by 59% (P<0.01). Supernormality was correlated with plasma potassium levels (R=-0.753, P<0.001), and the slope of this relationship was much steeper than previously reported for non-critically ill patients with renal failure (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The abnormal excitability properties indicate that the muscle fibers in CIM were depolarized, and/or that sodium channel inactivation was increased. The heightened sensitivity to potassium is consistent with the hypothesis that an endotoxin reduces sodium channel availability in depolarized muscle fibers. SIGNIFICANCE VRCs provide a practicable means to monitor muscle membrane changes in intensive care and to investigate the pathogenesis of CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Z'Graggen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
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Bostock H, Z'Graggen W, Brander L, Tuchscherer D, Scheidegger O, Takala J. P34-10 Muscle velocity recovery cycles in critical illness myopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hauf M, Schindler K, Scheidegger O, Jann K, Koenig T, Wiest R. Correlates to the seizure onset zone in interictal EEG/fMRI recordings. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Scheidegger O, Slotboom J, Jung S, Z’Graggen W, Nirkko A. 11. Assessment of high-energy metabolites during ischemia and imposed exercise by functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamber N, Scheidegger O, Rösler K. 23. Motoneuron activity during voluntary isometric contractions of small hand muscles – A collision technique study. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scheidegger O, Firmin L, Rösler K. 14. Corticomotor excitability changes during human motor fatigue. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rösler KM, Scheidegger O, Magistris MR. Corticospinal output and loss of force during motor fatigue. Exp Brain Res 2009; 197:111-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-1897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scheidegger O, Slotboom J, Z'Graggen WJ, Jung S, Luginbuehl M, Nirkko AC. Failure of muscular blood flow regulation in immune neuropathies. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Scheidegger O, Firmin L, Rösler K. Motor-evoked potential changes during human muscular fatigue – A triple stimulation technique study. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kamm C, Scheidegger O, Rösler K. 173. Ultrasound-guided sensory needle neurography of the sural nerve. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kamm C, Scheidegger O, Rösler K. 9. Ultrasound-guided sensory needle neurography of the sural nerve. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamm C, Scheidegger O, Rösler KM. Ultrasound-guided sensory needle neurography of the sural nerve. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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