Leadership and Management Are One and the Same

Defining the attributes of change catalysts within high functioning organizations, including the academic enterprise, is desirable. An understanding of these attributes within our academy may foster faculty interest and engagement in seeking administrative roles and serve to bolster succession planning within our schools. On one hand, there have been numerous publications teasing out the purported differences between leadership and management. On the other hand, does segregating these important characteristics based upon arbitrary distinctions do more harm than good? This commentary represents the work of a group of academic leaders participating in the 2015-2016 AACP Academic Leadership Fellowship Program. This work was presented as a debate at the 2016 AACP Interim Meeting in Tampa, Florida, in February 2016.

Comparison of a novel distillation method versus a traditional distillation method in a model gin system using liquid/liquid extraction

This research studied a novel form of distillation (high vacuum distillation) as a method for preserving volatile aroma chemicals important to the organoleptic attributes of a four botanical model gin as well as the degradation products generated during the heating required in traditional methods of gin distillation. A 2 (5) factorial experiment was conducted in a partially confounded incomplete block design and analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure from SAS. A model gin was made of dried juniper berries (Juniperus communis), coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), angelica root (Angelica archangelica), and dry lemon peel (Citrus limonum). This was distilled on a traditional still utilizing atmospheric pressure and a heating mantel to initiate phase separation as well as a novel still (high vacuum) utilizing high vacuum pressures below 0.1 mmHg and temperatures below -15 degrees C to initiate phase separation. The degradation products (alpha-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, E-caryophyllene, and beta-myrcene) were present at greater levels (approximately 10 times) in the traditional still-made gin as compared to the novel gin.

[Alteplase in acute coronary syndromes]

OBJECTIVE

The registry intends to establish the safety and security of one-hour 100 mg alteplase infusion and 50 mg in 30 minutes to facilitate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a cardiology hospital with primary angioplasty program (24 hours 365 days a year) with current doses of unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin.

METHODS AND RESULTS

REALSICA II is a prospective registry that included 103 patients with final diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction in which Alpert's quality criteria were used. Seventy two patients were under one-hour 100 mg alteplase infusion and thirty one under 30 minutes 50 mg alteplase infusion to facilitate PCI. Patients were young and predominantly males. In both groups > 50% had extensive ST elevation myocardial infarction and 68% were Killip & Kimball I. The majority received reperfusion > 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. In-hospital and follow-up treatment were compliant with Mexican Cardiology Society guidelines. ECG reperfusion was observed in 59% and TIMI III flow in 19% of PCI group. Any intracranial hemorrhage was observed. Global cardiovascular mortality was 11%. Patients under PCI had low incidence of recurrent ischemia and reinfarction.

CONCLUSION

REALSICA registry showed in non-complicate acute myocardial infarction ST elevation safety and security of one-hour 100 mg alteplase infusion with current recommended unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin doses in ST elevation myocardial infarction. In complicated patients the regimen to facilitate PCI was associated with increased hemorrhagic complications and requires further research.

Transition State Structure for the Water-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Trifluoroacetate in Acetonitrile

The neutral hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl trifluoroacetate in acetonitrile solvent has been studied by varying the molarities of water from 1.0 to 5.0 at 25 degrees C. The reaction is found to be third order in water. The reaction is also third order in D(2)O and in methanol when D(2)O and methanol replace water as the solvent. The kinetic solvent isotope effect is (kH(2)O/kD(2)O) = 2.90 +/- 0.12. Proton inventories at each molarity of water studied are consistent with an eight-membered cyclic transition state model. In this model, three protons undergo bonding changes. Such an eight-membered transition state model can easily accommodate linear hydrogen bonds for the three transferred protons. These results are consistent with the experimental findings of Bell and Critchlow(1) on the reversible addition of water to 1,3-dichloroacetone in dioxane and the theoretical findings of Wolfe and co-workers(2) on the hydration of formaldehyde.

Isolation and characterization of the integration host factor genes of Pasteurella haemolytica

Using a bacteriophage lambda complementation system in Escherichia coli, we cloned genes encoding subunits of the heterodimeric DNA binding/bending protein, integration host factor, from the bovine pathogen, Pasteurella haemolytica. Complementation of ihfA and ihfB mutations in E. coli demonstrated that the P. haemolytica gene products form functional heterologous heterodimers. The ihfA and ihfB genes encode polypeptides predicted to be 99 and 93 amino acids long, respectively, and are very similar to integration host factor subunits from other Gram-negative bacteria, although phylogenetic analysis indicated that the P. haemolytica sequences are distantly related to those from other bacteria. Most significant amino acid differences were restricted to the amino-terminal domains of the predicted peptides.

The restriction-modification system of Pasteurella haemolytica is a member of a new family of type I enzymes

Genes encoding the type I restriction-modification (R-M) system of the bovine pathogen, Pasteurella haemolytica, have been identified immediately downstream of a locus that encodes a transcriptional activator of P. haemolytica leukotoxin expression. Type I enzymes are encoded by three genes called hsdM, hsdS and hsdR, and have fallen into three groups, called Ia, Ib and Ic. HsdS provides a sequence recognition function which in concert with HsdM forms an active methyltransferase (MTase). Inclusion of the HsdR subunit in the complex creates an active restriction endonuclease (ENase) capable of cleaving unmethylated target DNA. The P. haemolytica hsdMSR genes were mapped using transposon Tn10d-Cam insertions, and bacteriophage restriction and modification assays in Escherichia coli. We determined the nucleotide sequences of hsdM, hsdS and hsdR, and observed that the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were very similar to predicted R-M subunits in the respiratory pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae. Phylogenetic comparisons of all known Hsd aa sequences placed the P. haemolytica and H. influenzae proteins into a new group which we labeled the Type Id R-M family. Expression of the P. haemolytica R-M genes in E. coli was inefficient and is likely to be a consequence of the unusual codon usage in P. haemolytica genes.

Expression of the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin is inhibited by a locus that encodes an ATP-binding cassette homolog

Multicopy and single-copy chromosomal fusions between the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin regulatory region and the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene have been constructed. These fusions were used as reporters to identify and isolate regulators of leukotoxin expression from a P. haemolytica cosmid library. A cosmid clone, which inhibited leukotoxin expression from multicopy and single-copy protein fusions, was isolated and found to contain the complete leukotoxin gene cluster plus additional upstream sequences. The locus responsible for inhibition of expression from leukotoxin-beta-galactosidase fusions was mapped within these upstream sequences, by transposon mutagenesis with Tn5, and its DNA sequence was determined. The inhibitory activity was found to be associated with a predicted 440-amino-acid reading frame (lapA) that lies within a four-gene arginine transport locus. LapA is predicted to be the nucleotide-binding component of this transport system and shares homology with the Clp family of proteases.