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Balakrishnan M, Batra R, Batra VS, Chandramouli G, Choudhury D, Hälbig T, Ivashechkin P, Jain J, Mandava K, Mense N, Nehra V, Rögener F, Sartor M, Singh V, Srinivasan MR, Tewari PK. Demonstration of acid and water recovery systems: Applicability and operational challenges in Indian metal finishing SMEs. J Environ Manage 2018; 217:207-213. [PMID: 29604414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion dialysis, acid retardation and nanofiltration plants were acquired from Europe and demonstrated in several Indian metal finishing companies over a three year period. These companies are primarily small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Free acid recovery rate from spent pickling baths using diffusion dialysis and retardation was in the range of 78-86% and 30-70% respectively. With nanofiltration, 80% recovery rate of rinse water was obtained. The demonstrations created awareness among the metal finishing companies to reuse resources (acid/water) from the effluent streams. However, lack of efficient oil separators, reliable chemical analysis and trained personnel as well as high investment cost limit the application of these technologies. Local manufacturing, plant customization and centralized treatment are likely to encourage the uptake of such technologies in the Indian metal finishing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balakrishnan
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India.
| | - R Batra
- STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society, SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, 122 017, India
| | - V S Batra
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India
| | - G Chandramouli
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India
| | - D Choudhury
- STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society, SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, 122 017, India
| | - T Hälbig
- Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH (BFI), Sohnstraße 65, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Ivashechkin
- Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH (BFI), Sohnstraße 65, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Jain
- STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society, SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, 122 017, India
| | - K Mandava
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India
| | - N Mense
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India
| | - V Nehra
- STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society, SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, 122 017, India
| | - F Rögener
- Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH (BFI), Sohnstraße 65, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Sartor
- Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh-Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH (BFI), Sohnstraße 65, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Singh
- STENUM Asia Sustainable Development Society, SFF 101, Palam Triangle, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, 122 017, India
| | - M R Srinivasan
- Asia Society for Social Improvement and Sustainable Transformation (ASSIST), No. 9, Desika Road, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 004, India
| | - P K Tewari
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003 India
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Ivashechkin P, Corvini PFX, Dohmann M. Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:133-140. [PMID: 15497840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural application of municipal sewage sludge has been emotionally discussed in the last decades, because the latter contains endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other organic micropollutants with unknown fate and risk potential. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model substance to investigate the influence of sludge conditioning on the end-concentration of EDCs in sludge. Adsorption studies with radioactive-labelled BPA showed that more than 75% BPA in anaerobically digested sludge is bound to solids (log Kd = 2.09-2.30; log Koc = 2.72-3.11). Sludge conditioning with polymer or iron (III) chloride alone had no influence on the adsorption of BPA. After conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide desorption of BPA took place. Apparently, it occurred due to the deprotonation of BPA (pKa= 10.3) as the pH-value reached 12.4 during the process. The same behaviour is expected for other phenolic EDCs with similar pKa (nonylphenol, 17beta-estradiol, estron, estriol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol). This study shows high affinity of BPA to the anaerobically digested sludge and importance of conditioning in the elimination of EDCs during the sludge treatment. Addition of polymer is favourable in the case of sludge incineration. Conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide shows advantages for the use of sludge as fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ivashechkin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), Aachen Technical University, Templergraben 55, Aachen 52056, Germany.
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