Measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in libraries and archives in Florence (Italy)

Indoor air samples from libraries and archives in Florence, Italy, were collected and analysed for a variety of volatile organic compounds. The aim was to perform a characterisation of the indoor air quality, and try to elucidate if there are VOCs that may cause or result from the determination of the cultural heritage institutions. All compounds of interest were regularly detected, with BTEXs (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes) being the most abundant and followed by cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes, aldehydes, terpenes and organic acids. The prevalence and qualitative characteristics, such as concentrations, profiles and indoor/outdoor ratios of BTEXs underline the important influence of the outdoor air infiltrations on the indoor air concentrations. Acetic acid that is a substance that can oxidise books and other exposed objects was detected at concentrations ranging between 1.04 and 18.9μgm^-3, while furfural, that is a known marker of paper degradation, was constantly present at concentrations that ranged between 5.26 and 32.6μgm^-3. This work shows the importance that indoor air quality monitoring campaigns can have in order to give early warning to cultural heritage institution managers about the impact that indoor air quality can have on exposed and/or preserved objects.

[Psychopharmacological therapy in dementia]

The psychopharmacological approach plays an important role in dementia. In this illness several studies have been carried out, using neuroleptics and other drugs such as anxiolytics and hypnotics, lithium, beta-adrenergic blockers, antiepileptics and antidepressants. Results obtained, not always uniform, are still limited pointing out the need of new and more available trials.

L-sulpiride in young and elderly negative schizophrenics: clinical and pharmacokinetic variables

1. Clinical activity, tolerability and kinetic profile of L-sulpiride (200-300 mg/die p.o.) in relation to age, in 14 chronic schizophrenic in patients diagnosed according to DSM III-R, typed as negative forms, were studied. 2. The drug showed its efficacy in negative forms of schizophrenia, without any significant difference between negative and positive symptoms even if productive symptom scores were quite low already in pre-treatment condition. 3. No more side effects (anticholinergic and extrapyramidal) in elderly patients compared to young/adult ones were reported. 4. No significant differences between young/adult and elderly patients for the various pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, AUC, Cmax, Tmax, Vd and Cl), after acute and multiple dosing, were observed.