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Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM. Nature 2023; 614:659-663. [PMID: 36623548 PMCID: PMC9946832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transmission spectroscopy1-3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapour, aerosols and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations' relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species-in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5-5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39b8, a 1,200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with the JWST NIRSpec's PRISM mode9 as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team Program10-12. We robustly detect several chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H2O (33σ), CO2 (28σ) and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH4, combined with a strong CO2 feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4 µm is best explained by SO2 (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST's sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.
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Abstract
White dwarfs are compact stars, similar in size to Earth but approximately 200,000 times more massive. Isolated white dwarfs emit most of their power from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths, but when in close orbits with less dense stars, white dwarfs can strip material from their companions and the resulting mass transfer can generate atomic line and X-ray emission, as well as near- and mid-infrared radiation if the white dwarf is magnetic. However, even in binaries, white dwarfs are rarely detected at far-infrared or radio frequencies. Here we report the discovery of a white dwarf/cool star binary that emits from X-ray to radio wavelengths. The star, AR Scorpii (henceforth AR Sco), was classified in the early 1970s as a δ-Scuti star, a common variety of periodic variable star. Our observations reveal instead a 3.56-hour period close binary, pulsing in brightness on a period of 1.97 minutes. The pulses are so intense that AR Sco's optical flux can increase by a factor of four within 30 seconds, and they are also detectable at radio frequencies. They reflect the spin of a magnetic white dwarf, which we find to be slowing down on a 107-year timescale. The spin-down power is an order of magnitude larger than that seen in electromagnetic radiation, which, together with an absence of obvious signs of accretion, suggests that AR Sco is primarily spin-powered. Although the pulsations are driven by the white dwarf's spin, they mainly originate from the cool star. AR Sco's broadband spectrum is characteristic of synchrotron radiation, requiring relativistic electrons. These must either originate from near the white dwarf or be generated in situ at the M star through direct interaction with the white dwarf's magnetosphere.
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A method for the direct determination of the surface gravities of transiting extrasolar planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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π-Complexes of the Transition Metals. XVI. Addition Reactions of Triphenylchromium and Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00871a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3-Decacarbonyl-2,3-μ-hydrido-2,3-μ-trifluoroethylideneamido-triangulo-triosmium. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0567740881008479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3-Decacarbonyl-2,3-μ-hydrido-2,3-μ-[hydrogen(phenyl)phosphido]-triangulo-triosmium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0567740881008467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crystal structure of µ-(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridylcadmium)-bis(pentacarbonylmanganese)(2Cd–Mn). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9730000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Glomerular basement membrane damage in aminonucleoside nephrosis as visualized by lanthanum. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1972; 140:449-53. [PMID: 4556661 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-140-36477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)methane [hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane, Ph3P:C:PPh3]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9720000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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X-Ray crystal structure of bis(pentacarbonylmanganese)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridylcadmium C15H11N3Cd[Mn(CO)5]2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/c39720000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crystal structure of dicarbonyl(thiocarbonyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I) hexafluorophosphate–acetone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9720002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Perspectives in structural chemistry edited by J. D. Dunitz and J. A. Ibers. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 1971. [DOI: 10.1107/s0567740871004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Crystal and molecular structure of mercuriobis(pentacarbonylmanganese), Hg[Mn(CO)5]2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/j19710003572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crystal structure of methanetetraylbis (triphenylphosphorane)(hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/c2971000582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The stereochemistry of molecules containing the CCN group. Part IV. X-Ray determination of the molecular structure of N-p-tolyl-2,2-diphenylvinylideneamine and N-p-bromophenyl-2,2-diphenylvinylidenamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/j19700002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Structure ofP,P',P'',P'''-tetrakistricarbonylnickel-tetraphosphorus hexaoxide, P4O6[Ni(CO)3]4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1107/s0365110x66002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1090. An X-ray determination of the molecular structure of a Wittig reagent: p-tolyl triphenylphosphoranylidenemethyl sulphone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9650005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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718. An X-ray diffraction determination of the crystal and molecular structure of pentaphenylantimony. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9640003718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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596. An X-ray diffraction determination of the crystal and molecular structure of tetramethylstibonium tetrakistrimethylsiloxyaluminate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9630003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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724. 9,10-Dihydro-9-hydroxy-9-phosphaphenanthrene 9-oxide. X-ray determination of the crystal and molecular structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9620003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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328. An X-ray diffraction determination of the crystal and molecular structure of tetramethyl-NN′-bistrimethylsilylcyclodisilazane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9620001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50. An X-ray diffraction determination of the crystal and molecular structure of “methyl metadithiophosphonate,”[CH3·PS2]2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9620000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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972. An X-ray determination of the crystal and molecular structure of perchlorofulvalene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9610004936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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988. The crystal and molecular structure of tetrachloro-1,4-bistriethylstannyloxybenzene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9610005027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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835. A physicochemical investigation of the methoxides of lithium, sodium, and potassium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9600004270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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821. The crystallography of some cyanine dyes. Part II. The molecular and crystal structure of the ethanol solvate of 3,3′-diethylthiacarbocyanine bromide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9590004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The stereochemistry of molecules containing the C = C = N group. II. The crystal structure of N-methyl-2-methylsulphonyl-2-phenylsulphonylvinylidineamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1107/s0365110x57000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The stereochemisry of molecules containing the C = C =b N group: the crystal structure of N-methyl-2:2-dimethylsulphonylvinylidineamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1954. [DOI: 10.1107/s0365110x54000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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