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Fernández-Cancelo P, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Torres-Montilla S, Ribas-Agustí A, Teixidó N, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Giné-Bordonaba J. Environmentally driven transcriptomic and metabolic changes leading to color differences in "Golden Reinders" apples. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:913433. [PMID: 35979073 PMCID: PMC9377453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple is characterized by its high adaptation to diverse growing environments. However, little is still known about how different environments can regulate at the metabolic or molecular level specific apple quality traits such as the yellow fruit peel color. In this study, changes in carotenoids and chlorophylls, antioxidants as well as differences in the transcriptome were investigated by comparing the peel of "Golden Reinders" apples grown at different valley and mountain orchards. Mountain environment favored the development of yellow color, which was not caused by an enhanced accumulation of carotenoids but rather by a decrease in the chlorophyll content. The yellow phenotype was also associated to higher expression of genes related to chloroplast functions and oxidative stress. Time-course analysis over the last stages of apple development and ripening, in fruit from both locations, further revealed that the environment differentially modulated isoprenoids and phenylpropanoid metabolism and pointed out a key role for H2O2 in triggering apple peel degreening. Overall, the results presented herein provide new insights into how different environmental conditions regulate pigment and antioxidant metabolism in apple leading to noticeable differences in the apple peel color.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariadna Iglesias-Sanchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Neus Teixidó
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
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Vall-Llaura N, Fernández-Cancelo P, Nativitas-Lima I, Echeverria G, Teixidó N, Larrigaudière C, Torres R, Giné-Bordonaba J. ROS-scavenging-associated transcriptional and biochemical shifts during nectarine fruit development and ripening. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 171:38-48. [PMID: 34971954 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ROS are known as toxic by-products but also as important signaling molecules playing a key role in fruit development and ripening. To counteract the negative effects of ROS, plants and fruit own multiple ROS-scavenging mechanisms aiming to ensure a balanced ROS homeostasis. In the present study, changes in specific ROS (i.e. H2O2) as well as enzymatic (SOD, CAT, POX, APX) and non-enzymatic (phenylpropanoids, carotenoids and ascorbate) ROS-scavenging systems were investigated along four different stages of nectarine (cv. 'Diamond Ray') fruit development and ripening (39, 70, 94 and 121 DAFB) both at the metabolic (28 individual metabolites or enzymes) and transcriptional level (24 genes). Overall, our results demonstrate a complex ROS-related transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming during fruit development and ripening. At earlier fruit developmental stages an increase on the respiration rate is likely triggering an oxidative burst and resulting in the activation of specific ethylene response factors (ERF1). In turn, ROS-responsive genes or the biosynthesis of specific antioxidant compounds (i.e. phenylpropanoids) were highly expressed or accumulated at earlier fruit developmental stages (39-70 DAFB). Nonetheless, as the fruit develops, the decrease in the fruit respiration rate and the reduction of ERF1 genes leads to lower levels of most non-enzymatic antioxidants and higher accumulation of H2O2. Based on available literature and the observed accumulation dynamics of H2O2, it is anticipated that this compound may not only be a by-product of ROS-scavenging but also a signaling molecule accumulated during the ripening of nectarine fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Cancelo
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Nativitas-Lima
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS), Campus Montecillo, 56230, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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