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Kaur M, Gulati P, Verma S, Khare P, Garg R, Dutta J, Rao K. Efficacy of Aloe Vera, Amlexanox (5%), and Triamcinolone Acetonide (0.1%) in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S133-S135. [PMID: 38595509 PMCID: PMC11000937 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_416_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research assessed the efficiencies of aloe vera, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide, and 5% amlexanox in the management of OLP. Materials and Methods A total of 120 participants diagnosed with oral lichen planus (OLP) were equally divided into three groups and treated with: aloe vera, (Group A), 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (Group B), and 5% amlexanox (Group C) topical medicaments. The patients were evaluated for pain, using the visual analogue scale (VAS). They were also evaluated for ulcerative lesion type and erosive area on days 1, 7, and 15 of the study. Results There was a statistically considerable decrease in the VAS pain scale score, reduction in the erosive area on buccal mucosa, and healing of ulcer from day 1st to 15th day with all three tested drugs. Conclusion All drugs used in this study; aloe vera, triamcinolone acetonide, and amlexanox were effective in treating OLP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Prerna Gulati
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Sugandha Verma
- Senior Resident, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India
| | - Parul Khare
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology & Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Ruchi Garg
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Jahnobi Dutta
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kumuda Rao
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Khare P, Li J, Velandia Palacio LA, Galić I, Ferrante L, Cameriere R. Validation of the third molar maturity index cut-off value of <0.08 for indicating legal age of 18 years in Eastern Chinese region. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 42:101645. [PMID: 31891866 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Having a reliable, inexpensive and simple method to estimate 18 years of age would be of help in the forensic field. This study aimed to test the accuracy of the third molar maturity index (I3M) in indicating the legal adult age of 18 years. This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed 450 digital panoramic images of Eastern Chinese children and young adults (226 females and 224 males) aged between 14 and 22 years. A cut-off value of I3M < 0.08 was tested in discriminating adults from minors for both sex. For females, the sensitivity of the test (Se) was 75.0%, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 67.5% to 82.5%. The specificity of the test (Sp) was 100%. The proportion accurately classified (Ac) individuals was 85.8% (95%CI, 81.3% to 90.4%). The Bayes post-test probability was 100% (93.6% to 100%). For males, Se, Sp and Ac were 91.9% (95%CI, 87.1% to 96.7%), 92.0%(95%CI, 86.7% to 97.3%) and 92% (95%CI, 88.4% to 95.5%), respectively. The Bayes post-test probabilities was 92% (95%CI, 88.4% to 95.5%). Males were ahead in the development of third molars comparing to females according to I3M. A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that both I3M and sex contribute to the regression model to discriminate adults (≥18 years) from minors (<18 years), while a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis indicated some better accuracy of I3M < 0.12 in females, without statistically significant difference when compared to I3M < 0.08. The results of this study show that the cut-off value of I3M < 0.08 may help to discriminate Eastern Chinese adults from minors. However, further study should evaluate the usefulness and possible variability of I3M cut-off value in a specific population before used for legal and forensic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | | | - Ivan Galić
- AgEstimation Project, University of Macerata, Via Don Minzoni, 9, 62100, Italy; Department of Oral Surgery, University of Split, School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Spinčićeva 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Luigi Ferrante
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medical Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via conca 71, 60020 Torrette di Ancona, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cameriere
- AgEstimation Project, University of Macerata, Via Don Minzoni, 9, 62100, Italy.
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Bishnoi M, Khare P, Brown L, Panchal SK. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: a metabolic TR(i)P to obesity prevention and therapy. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1269-1292. [PMID: 29797770 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular transport of ions, especially by ion channels, regulates physiological function. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, with 30 identified so far, are cation channels with high calcium permeability. These ion channels are present in metabolically active tissues including adipose tissue, liver, gastrointestinal tract, brain (hypothalamus), pancreas and skeletal muscle, which suggests a potential role in metabolic disorders including obesity. TRP channels have potentially important roles in adipogenesis, obesity development and its prevention and therapy because of their physiological properties including calcium permeability, thermosensation and taste perception, involvement in cell metabolic signalling and hormone release. This wide range of actions means that organ-specific actions are unlikely, thus increasing the possibility of adverse effects. Delineation of responses to TRP channels has been limited by the poor selectivity of available agonists and antagonists. Food constituents that can modulate TRP channels are of interest in controlling metabolic status. TRP vanilloid 1 channels modulated by capsaicin have been the most studied, suggesting that this may be the first target for effective pharmacological modulation in obesity. This review shows that most of the TRP channels are potential targets to reduce metabolic disorders through a range of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bishnoi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, India.,Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - P Khare
- Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - L Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - S K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Khare P, Talwar A, Chandran D, Guleria R, Jaryal AK, Kumar G, Trivedi A, Deepak KK. Impaired systemic vascular reactivity & raised high-sensitivity C reactive protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indian J Med Res 2016; 143:205-12. [PMID: 27121518 PMCID: PMC4859129 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by slowly progressive airflow limitaion, chronic lung inflammation and associated systemic manifestations. The objective of this preliminary study was to investigate the levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as markers of systemic inflammation and assessment of systemic vascular reactivity that may play an important role in development of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. METHODS Systemic vascular reactivity was assessed non-invasively by measuring peripheral pulse waveform changes during reactive hyperemia (RH) in 16 COPD patients and 14 controls by photoplethysmography technique (PPG). Parameters measured were pulse wave amplitude (PWA), slope and pulse transit time (PTT). Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hs CRP were measured as markers of inflammation. RESULTS PWA during the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd minutes post release of occlusion were significantly higher than the baseline means in controls, whereas in the patient group there was no significant change in the PWA during any of the observed time periods following release of occlusion, in comparison to the baseline means. Similar results were observed in slope values for patients and controls. Maximum percentage change in PWA during RH with reference to baseline was significantly lower in patients as compared to controls (26.78±20.19 vs 57.20±19.80%, p<0.001). Maximum percentage change in slope during RH with reference to baseline was significantly lower in patients as compared to controls (19.77±10.73 vs 39.25±13.49%, P<0.001). A vascular tone response as represented by PTT was also impaired in the 3 rd minute of RH as compared to baseline mean values in COPD patients only. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed raised hs CRP levels and impaired systemic vascular reactivity in COPD patients. Whether these may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients need to be confirmed in future studies with large sample size and appropriate study design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Khare P, Jaiswal AK, Tripathi CDP, Sundar S, Dube A. Immunoprotective responses of T helper type 1 stimulatory protein-S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:165-79. [PMID: 26898994 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that a patient in clinical remission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains immune to reinfection, which provides a rationale for the feasibility of a vaccine against this deadly disease. In earlier studies, observation of significant cellular responses in treated Leishmania patients as well as in hamsters against leishmanial antigens from different fractions led to its further proteomic characterization, wherein S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy) was identified as a helper type 1 (Th1) stimulatory protein. The present study includes immunological characterization of this protein, its cellular responses [lymphoproliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine responses] in treated Leishmania-infected hamsters and patients as well as prophylactic efficacy against Leishmania challenge in hamsters and the immune responses generated thereof. Significantly higher cellular responses were noticed against recombinant L. donovani S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (rLdAdoHcy) compared to soluble L. donovani antigen in treated samples. Moreover, stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with rLdAdoHcy up-regulated the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and down-regulated IL-10. Furthermore, vaccination with rLdAdoHcy generated perceptible delayed-type hypersensitivity response and exerted considerably good prophylactic efficacy (∼70% inhibition) against L. donovani challenge. The efficacy was confirmed by the increased expression levels of inducible NO synthase and Th1-type cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12 and down-regulation of IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The results indicate the potentiality of rLdAdoHcy protein as a suitable vaccine candidate against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khare
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
| | - A K Jaiswal
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
| | - C D P Tripathi
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
| | - S Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Dube
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
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Khare P, Talwar A, Trivedi A, Chandran DS, Guleria R, Jaryal AK, Deepak KK. Vascular Responses to Post Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia and Systemic Inflammation in Overlap Syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 60:155-166. [PMID: 29809373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (RH) is impaired in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of the present study was to examine systemic vascular response and endothelial function in patients of Overlap Syndrome (OS) of COPD and OSA and also to investigate whether OS has any additional effect on endothelial dysfunction when compared to dysfunction caused by COPD alone. METHODS 31 COPD patients and 13 healthy controls participated in the study. Overnight Polysomnogra was done to classify the patients into COPD only group (Apnea-Hypopnea Index <5) (n=15) and OS group (AHI >5) (n=16). Peripheral pulse waveform changes during reactive hyperemia were assessed using digital Photoplethysmography (PPG) technique in which pulse wave amplitude (PWA), Maximum slope of upstroke and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) were measured. C - reactive protein was assessed as marker of inflammation by ELISA. RESULTS Maximum percentage changes in PWA during RH were significantly lower in the both COPD group [20.34(12.02-34.07)] (p<0.001) and Overlap Syndrome group [10.96(6.21-21.49)] (p<0.0001) as compared to Controls [49.79(46.03-65.32)], whereas amplitude responses were not significantly different in the COPD and OS group (p>0.05). Maximum percentage change in slope of upstroke showed similar responses in the three groups. CRP levels (mg/) were raised in COPD [11.60(1.75-15.00] (p<0.001) and OS group [12.52(5.28- 15.70))](p<0.0001) as compared to controls [0.59(0.58-0.91)]. Maximum percentage change in amplitude negatively correlated with serum CRP levels in COPD group (r=-0.557, p=0.03) and in OS group (r=-O.552, p= 0.02). FEV1% predicted positively correlated with maximum percentage change in amplitude in OS group(r=0.579, p=0.018). No correlation of AHI was found with any of the vascular function parameter in Overlap group. CONCLUSION The patients with Overlap Syndrome have systemic inflammation and impaired reactive hyperaemia response. However, no additive effect of OSA was observed on impaired RH in patients with co-existing COPD.
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7
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Kumar A, Samant M, Misra P, Khare P, Sundar S, Garg R, Dube A. Immunostimulatory potential and proteome profiling of Leishmania donovani soluble exogenous antigens. Parasite Immunol 2016; 37:368-75. [PMID: 25824598 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of the soluble exogenous antigens (SEAgs), its immune response study and proteome profiling is an essential prerequisite for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani. The immunostimulatory potential of L. donovani SEAgs, purified from culture of L. donovani clinical isolate, was evaluated for their ability to induce cellular responses in treated/cured hamsters. SEAgs induced significant proliferative responses in lymphocytes (SI 5.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.01) isolated from cured hamster. In addition, significant NO production in response to SEAgs was also noticed in macrophages of hamsters, mouse and human cell lines (J774A-1 and THP1). Western blot analyses with antibodies against proteophosphoglycan (PPG; surface-expressed and secreted molecule) of L. donovani revealed that PPG molecules are also present in L. donovani SEAgs. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome analysis of 12 protein bands of SEAgs through MALDI-TOF/TOF endorsed the identification of some Th1-stimulatory immunogenic proteins. These immunogenic proteins may offer increased hope for the discovery of new promising vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The overall results suggest that immunostimulatory molecules are present in the SEAgs, which may be further exploited, for developing a subunit vaccine against VL a fatal human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-CSIR), Lucknow, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - M Samant
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-CSIR), Lucknow, India.,Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P Misra
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-CSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - P Khare
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-CSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - S Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - A Dube
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-CSIR), Lucknow, India
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Khare P, Marr LC. Simulation of vertical concentration gradient of influenza viruses in dust resuspended by walking. Indoor Air 2015; 25:428-40. [PMID: 25208212 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Particles are resuspended from the floor by walking and are subject to turbulent transport in the human aerodynamic wake. These processes may generate a vertical concentration gradient of particles. To estimate the magnitude of turbulence generated by walking, we measured the velocity field in the wake from floor to ceiling at 10-cm intervals with a sonic anemometer. The resulting eddy diffusion coefficients varied between 0.06 and 0.20 m(2) /s and were maximal at ~0.75-1 m above the floor, approximately the height of the swinging hand. We applied the eddy diffusion coefficients in an atmospheric transport model to predict concentrations of resuspended influenza virus as a function of the carrier particle size, height in the room, and relative humidity, which affects the resuspension rate coefficient and virus viability. Results indicated that the concentration of resuspended viruses at 1 m above the floor was up to 40% higher than at 2 m, depending on particle size. For exposure to total resuspended viruses, the difference at 1 vs. 2 m was 11-14%. It is possible that shorter people are exposed to higher concentrations of resuspended dust, including pathogens, although experimental evidence is needed to verify this proposition. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Forces generated by walking can resuspend particles from the floor and create higher concentrations close to the floor and lower concentrations above it. These particles may include pathogens, such as the influenza virus, that were previously emitted into the air by an infected individual and that settled to the ground. Due to particle resuspension and turbulent transport, it is possible that shorter people are exposed to higher concentrations of particles, including certain pathogens, than are taller people. This work could be used in support of epidemiological investigations into the incidence of influenza as a function of a person’s height and to guide the design of more effective control strategies to reduce transmission of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khare
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - L C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Abstract
Everyone is born with a unique genetic blueprint i.e. its own genome. Special locations called loci on different chromosomes display predictable inheritance patterns that could be used to determine biological relationships. These locations contain specific DNA sequences, called markers, which forensic scientists use as identifying marks for individuals. Saliva is a potentially useful source of genomic DNA for genetic studies. Paternity testing is based on the premise that we inherit half our DNA from our father and half from our mother. Therefore, persons who are biologically related must share similar DNA profile. Conversely, the absence of similarities in the DNA profiles of the child and the alleged father is used as proof that no biological relationship exists. In this paper, a female complained for being raped a year back by Mr. X and accused him of being father of her 3-months-old baby girl. DNA testing was done using saliva for the child and blood sample from the mother and the suspected father. The finding presented here allows the use of saliva as an alternative source of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvika Patidar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraksha Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farah Parveen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Khare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Center, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Saliva has long been known for its diagnostic value in several diseases. It also has a potential to be used in forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry and Research Center, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet Raj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraksha Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bade G, Khan MA, Srivastava AK, Khare P, Solaiappan KK, Guleria R, Palaniyar N, Talwar A. Serum cytokine profiling and enrichment analysis reveal the involvement of immunological and inflammatory pathways in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:759-73. [PMID: 25125975 PMCID: PMC4130715 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s61347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. It results from chronic inflammation and causes irreversible airway damage. Levels of different serum cytokines could be surrogate biomarkers for inflammation and lung function in COPD. We aimed to determine the serum levels of different biomarkers in COPD patients, the association between cytokine levels and various prognostic parameters, and the key pathways/networks involved in stable COPD. In this study, serum levels of 48 cytokines were examined by multiplex assays in 30 subjects (control, n=9; COPD, n=21). Relationships between serum biomarkers and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak oxygen uptake, body mass index, dyspnea score, and smoking were assessed. Enrichment pathways and network analyses were implemented, using a list of cytokines showing differential expression between healthy controls and patients with COPD by Cytoscape and GeneGo Metacore™ software (Thomson-Reuters Corporation, New York, NY, USA). Concentrations of cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, eotaxin, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-16, and stem cell factor are significantly higher in COPD patients compared with in control patients. Notably, this study identifies stem cell factor as a biomarker for COPD. Multiple regression analysis predicts that cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, eotaxin, IL-6, and stem cell factor are inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak oxygen uptake change, whereas smoking is related to eotaxin and hepatocyte growth factor changes. Enrichment pathways and network analyses reveal the potential involvement of specific inflammatory and immune process pathways in COPD. Identified network interaction and regulation of different cytokines would pave the way for deeper insight into mechanisms of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Parul Khare
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shukla T, Khare P, Thakur N, Dhote V, Chandel HS, Pandey SP. Exploring the Use of Sodium Benzoate as Hydrotrope for the Estimation of Lornoxicam in their Marketed Formulation. Pharm Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.5530/phm.2014.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Dentist can play a significant role in identifying the victims or perpetrators of crime as well as in disasters. Knowledge about the various aspects of forensic science as well as dental and related evidences can help a dental practitioner in assisting the civil agencies in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Izzi SA, Colantuono BJ, Sullivan K, Khare P, Meedel TH. Functional studies of the Ciona intestinalis myogenic regulatory factor reveal conserved features of chordate myogenesis. Dev Biol 2013; 376:213-23. [PMID: 23391688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ci-MRF is the sole myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate. In order to investigate its properties we developed a simple in vivo assay based on misexpressing Ci-MRF in the notochord of Ciona embryos. We used this assay to examine the roles of three structural motifs that are conserved among MRFs: an alanine-threonine (Ala-Thr) dipeptide of the basic domain that is known in vertebrates as the myogenic code, a cysteine/histidine-rich (C/H) domain found just N-terminal to the basic domain, and a carboxy-terminal amphipathic α-helix referred to as Helix III. We show that the Ala-Thr dipeptide is necessary for normal Ci-MRF function, and that while eliminating the C/H domain or Helix III individually has no demonstrable effect on Ci-MRF, simultaneous loss of both motifs significantly reduces its activity. Our studies also indicate that direct interaction between CiMRF and an essential E-box of Ciona Troponin I is required for the expression of this muscle-specific gene and that multiple classes of MRF-regulated genes exist in Ciona. These findings are consistent with substantial conservation of MRF-directed myogenesis in chordates and demonstrate for the first time that the Ala/Thr dipeptide of the basic domain of an invertebrate MRF behaves as a myogenic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Izzi
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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Kumar SK, Khare P, Jaryal AK, Talwar A. Validity of heart rate based nomogram fors estimation of maximum oxygen uptake in Indian population. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 56:279-283. [PMID: 23734444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a graded maximal exercise test is the objective method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Maximal oxygen uptake testing is limited to only a few laboratories as it requires trained personnel and strenuous effort by the subject. At the population level, submaximal tests have been developed to derive VO2max indirectly based on heart rate based nomograms or it can be calculated using anthropometric measures. These heart rate based predicted standards have been developed for western population and are used routinely to predict VO2max in Indian population. In the present study VO2max was directly measured by maximal exercise test using a bicycle ergometer and was compared with VO2max derived by recovery heart rate in Queen's College step test (QCST) (PVO2max I) and with VO2max derived from Wasserman equation based on anthropometric parameters and age (PVO2max II) in a well defined age group of healthy male adults from New Delhi. The values of directly measured VO2max showed no significant correlation either with the estimated VO2max with QCST or with VO2max predicted by Wasserman equation. Bland and Altman method of approach for limit of agreement between VO2max and PVO2max I or PVO2max II revealed that the limits of agreement between directly measured VO2max and PVO2max I or PVO2max II was large indicating inapplicability of prediction equations of western population in the population under study. Thus it is evident that there is an urgent need to develop nomogram for Indian population, may be even for different ethnic sub-population in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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16
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Khare P, Mortimer SI, Cleto CL, Okamura K, Suzuki Y, Kusakabe T, Nakai K, Meedel TH, Hastings KEM. Cross-validated methods for promoter/transcription start site mapping in SL trans-spliced genes, established using the Ciona intestinalis troponin I gene. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:2638-48. [PMID: 21109525 PMCID: PMC3074122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In conventionally-expressed eukaryotic genes, transcription start sites (TSSs) can be identified by mapping the mature mRNA 5'-terminal sequence onto the genome. However, this approach is not applicable to genes that undergo pre-mRNA 5'-leader trans-splicing (SL trans-splicing) because the original 5'-segment of the primary transcript is replaced by the spliced leader sequence during the trans-splicing reaction and is discarded. Thus TSS mapping for trans-spliced genes requires different approaches. We describe two such approaches and show that they generate precisely agreeing results for an SL trans-spliced gene encoding the muscle protein troponin I in the ascidian tunicate chordate Ciona intestinalis. One method is based on experimental deletion of trans-splice acceptor sites and the other is based on high-throughput mRNA 5'-RACE sequence analysis of natural RNA populations in order to detect minor transcripts containing the pre-mRNA's original 5'-end. Both methods identified a single major troponin I TSS located ∼460 nt upstream of the trans-splice acceptor site. Further experimental analysis identified a functionally important TATA element 31 nt upstream of the start site. The two methods employed have complementary strengths and are broadly applicable to mapping promoters/TSSs for trans-spliced genes in tunicates and in trans-splicing organisms from other phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Sandra I. Mortimer
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Cynthia L. Cleto
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kusakabe
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Thomas H. Meedel
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Kenneth E. M. Hastings
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Biology, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Biology Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan Univeristy, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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Singodia D, Khare P, Dube A, Talegaonkar S, Khar RK, Mishra PR. Development and Performance Evaluation of Alginate-Capped Amphotericin B Lipid Nanoconstructs Against Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2011; 7:123-4. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2011.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Khare P, Mulakaluri A, Parsons SM. Search for the acetylcholine and vesamicol binding sites in vesicular acetylcholine transporter: the region around the lumenal end of the transport channel. J Neurochem 2010; 115:984-93. [PMID: 20831599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; TC 2.A.1.2.13) mediates storage of acetylcholine (ACh) by synaptic vesicles. A three-dimensional homology model of VAChT is available, but the binding sites for ACh and the allosteric inhibitor (-)-trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol) are unknown. In previous work, mutations of invariant W331 in the lumenal beginning of transmembrane helix VIII (TM VIII) of rat VAChT led to as much as ninefold loss in equilibrium affinity for ACh and no loss in affinity for vesamicol. The current work investigates the effects of additional mutations in and around W331 and the nearby lumenal end of the substrate transport channel. Mutants of human VAChT were expressed in the PC12(A123.7) cell line and characterized using radiolabeled ligands and filtration assays for binding and transport. Properties of a new and a repeat mutation in W331 are consistent with the original observations. Of 16 additional mutations in 13 other residues (Y60 in the beginning of lumenal Loop I/II, F231 in the lumenal end of TM V, W315, M316, K317, in the lumenal end of TM VII, M320, A321, W325, A330 in lumenal Loop VII/VIII, A334 in the lumenal beginning of TM VIII, and C388, C391, F392 in the lumenal beginning of TM X), only A334F impairs binding. This mutation decreases ACh and vesamicol equilibrium binding affinities by 14- and 4-fold, respectively. The current results, combined with previous results, demonstrate existence of a spatial cluster of residues close to vesicular lumen that decreases affinity for ACh and/or vesamicol when the cluster is mutated. The cluster is composed of invariant W331, highly conserved A334, and invariant F335 in TM VIII and invariant C391 in TM X. Different models for the locations of the ACh and vesamicol binding sites relative to this cluster are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA
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19
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Abstract
Invariant E309 is in contact with critical and invariant D398 in a three-dimensional homology model of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, TC 2.A.1.2.13) [Vardy, E., et al. (2004) Protein Sci. 13, 1832-1840]. In the work reported here, E309 and D398 in human VAChT were mutated singly and together to test their functions, assign pK values to them, and determine whether the residues are close to each other in three-dimensional space. Mutants were stably expressed in the PC12(A123.7) cell line, and transport and binding properties were characterized at different pH values using radiolabeled ligands and filtration assays. Contrary to a prior conclusion, the results demonstrate that most D398 mutants do not bind the allosteric inhibitor vesamicol even weakly. Earlier work showed that most D398 mutants do not transport ACh. D398 therefore probably is the residue that must deprotonate with a pK of 6.5 for binding of vesamicol and with a pK of approximately 5.9 for transport of ACh. Because E309Q has no effect on VAChT functions at physiological pH, E309 has no apparent critical role. However, radical mutations in E309 cause decreases in ACh and vesamicol affinities and total loss of ACh transport. Unlike wild-type VAChT, which exhibits a peak of [(3)H]vesamicol binding centered at pH 7.4, mutants E309Q, E309D, E309A, and E309K all exhibit peaks of binding centered at pH >or=9. The combination of high pH and mutated E309 apparently produces a relaxed (in contrast to tense) conformation of VAChT that binds vesamicol exceptionally tightly. No compensatory interactions between E309 and D398 in double mutants were discovered. Proof of a close spatial relationship between E309 and D398 was not found. Nevertheless, the data are more consistent with the homology model than an alternative hydropathy model of VAChT that likely locates E309 far from D398 and the ACh binding site in three-dimensional space. Also, a probable network of interactions involving E309 and an unknown residue having a pK of 10 has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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20
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Kishore B, Khare P, Gupta RJ, Gupta C, Khare V. Tumoral calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease: a rare diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:47-50. [PMID: 19688761 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) is a well-recognized inflammatory joint disorder characterized by presence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in intraarticular and periarticular tissue. We report here a case of a 48-year-old male who presented with painless right hand swelling. Clinical suspicion was that of malignant soft tissue tumor. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) yielded chalky white gritty material. Microscopic examination showed large areas of basophilic calcified material, histiocytes, giant cells and characteristic rhomboid shaped crystals. At places, chondroid material was also identified, hence, diagnosis of CPPD was made. This was confirmed on histopathological examination. Tophaceous/ tumoral pseudogout is a rare form of CPPD and it is important to recognize that this form can be diagnosed in FNA cytology (FNAC) and misdiagnosis of benign or malignant cartilaginous lesions can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kishore
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Abstract
The method describes production and the selection of neurosecretory PC12A123.7 cells stably transfected with human vesicular acetylcholine transporter (hVAChT). Transfected cells provide postnuclear supernatant used to characterize equilibrium binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), the pH dependence for transport of ACh, and the rate behavior for dissociation of the allosteric, high-affinity inhibitor vesamicol. Retention of radiolabeled ACh or vesamicol, mediated by hVAChT in synaptic-like microvesicles of postnuclear supernatant, is measured using filter assays. The procedure for regression analysis of data also is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Khare P, White AR, Parsons SM. Multiple protonation states of vesicular acetylcholine transporter detected by binding of [3H]vesamicol. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8965-75. [PMID: 19685929 DOI: 10.1021/bi900759v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is inhibited by (-)-vesamicol [(-)-trans-2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol], which binds tightly to an allosteric site. The tertiary alkylamine center in (-)-vesamicol is protonated and positively charged at acidic and neutral pH and unprotonated and uncharged at alkaline pH. Deprotonation of the amine has been taken to explain loss of (-)-vesamicol binding at alkaline pH. However, binding data deviate from a stereotypical bell shape, and more binding occurs than expected at alkaline pH. The current study characterizes the binding of (-)-vesamicol from pH 5 to pH 10 using filter assays, (-)-[3H]vesamicol (hereafter called [3H]vesamicol), and human VAChT expressed in PC12(A123.7) cells. At acidic pH, protons and [3H]vesamicol compete for binding to VAChT. Preexposure or long-term exposure of VAChT to high pH does not affect binding, thus eliminating potential denaturation of VAChT and failure of the filter assay. The dissociation constant for the complex between protonated [3H]vesamicol and VAChT decreases from 12 nM at neutral pH to 2.1 nM at pH 10. The simplest model of VAChT that explains the behavior requires a proton at site 1 to dissociate with pK1 = 6.5 +/- 0.1, a proton at site A to dissociate with pKA = 7.6 +/- 0.2, and a proton at site B to dissociate with pKB = 10.0 +/- 0.1. Deprotonation of the site 1 proton is obligatory for [3H]vesamicol binding. Deprotonation of site A decreases affinity (2.2 +/- 0.5)-fold, and deprotonation of site B increases affinity (18 +/- 4)-fold. Time-dependent dissociation of bound [3H]vesamicol is biphasic, but equilibrium saturation curves are not. The contrasting phasicity suggests that the pathway to and from the [3H]vesamicol binding site exists in open and at least partially closed states. The potential significance of the findings to development of PET and SPECT ligands based on (-)-vesamicol for human diagnostics also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Bisht SP, Kishore B, Khare P, Gupta RJ. Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the breast with emphasis on tuberculous mastitis. J Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.41910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kohli DV, Nayak A, Khare P, Chourasia MK, Silakari O. DNA triple helix formation: A potential tool for genetic repair. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.30999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rao NN, Dubey AK, Mohanty S, Khare P, Jain R, Kaul SN. Photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol: a study of kinetics, intermediates and biodegradability. J Hazard Mater 2003; 101:301-314. [PMID: 12935761 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of photocatalytic (TiO(2)/UV) degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), characterization of intermediates and induction of biodegradability in treated chlorophenol solutions is reported. Approximately 95% of the 2-CP is removed in approximately 2h at pH 5 and 0.2g TiO(2)l(-1) when the 2-CP concentration is < or =100mgl(-1); the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) is estimated to be 0.0183 min(-1). GC-MS analyses detected phenol, catechol, hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ), and chlorohydroquinone (CHQ) intermediates during the short irradiation time (<1h); however two other higher carbon intermediates 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (HB) and [1.1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol (BPD) are found as major intermediates over longer irradiation times. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of treated 2-CP solutions improved substantially. A tentative mechanistic pathway to explain formation of higher carbon intermediates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Rao
- Wastewater Technology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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Zhao B, Khare P, Feldman L, Dent JA. Reversal frequency in Caenorhabditis elegans represents an integrated response to the state of the animal and its environment. J Neurosci 2003; 23:5319-28. [PMID: 12832557 PMCID: PMC6741178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans consists of forward crawling punctuated by spontaneous reversals. To better understand the important variables that affect locomotion, we have described in detail the locomotory behavior of C. elegans and identified a set of parameters that are sufficient to describe the animal's trajectory. A model of locomotion based on these parameters indicates that reversal frequency plays a central role in locomotion. We found that several variables such as humidity, gravidity, and mechanostimulation influence reversal frequency. Specifically, both gentle and harsh touch can transiently suppress reversal frequency. Thus, reversal behavior is a model for the integration of information from numerous modalities reflecting diverse aspects of the state of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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Satsangi GS, Lakhani A, Khare P, Singh SP, Kumari KM, Srivastava SS. Measurements of major ion concentration in settled coarse particles and aerosols at a semiarid rural site in India. Environ Int 2002; 28:1-7. [PMID: 12046945 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Deposition rates and deposition velocities of water-soluble ions (F, Cl, NO3, SO4, NH4, Ca, Mg, Na and K) were measured at a rural site (Gopalpura, Agra). Dry deposition samples were collected throughout the year from December 1995 to August 1997, while the aerosol samples were collected only during the winter season of 1996. Surrogate technique was used to collect the dry deposition samples, while aerosol samples were collected on PTFE membrane filter. Deposition velocities (Vd) of SO4 and NO3 are < or = 0.01 m s(-1) while Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4, F and Cl exhibit greater than 0.01 m s(-1) Equivalent concentration ratios of K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na conform with the corresponding ratios of local soil, indicating the dominant contribution of local sources. Deposition rates are maximum in winter, followed by summer and monsoon. No significant differences are found in dry deposition rates of all ions or in atmospheric concentrations of soil-derived elements with respect to wind direction. However, in aerosols, concentrations of F, Cl, NO3 and SO4 are higher with winds from southwesterly and westerly directions corresponding to pollution sources located in these directions. Deposition data have been used to calculate the critical load of S and N for soil with respect to Triticum vulgaris. The critical load of actual acidity was found to be 622.4 eq ha(-1) year(-1) within the range of 500-1,000 eq ha(-1) year(-1) as assessed by the RAINS-Asia model for this region. The present load of S and N (77.4 and 86.4 eq ha(-1) year(-1)) was much lower than the critical load of S and N (622.4 and 2,000 eq ha(-1) year(-1)), indicating that at present there is no harmful effect on ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur Sumiran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India.
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Joshi A, Navathe C, Ansari M, Kamath M, Bandyopadhyay S, Upadhyay A, Kulkarni A, Tripathi P, Khare P, Patwa S, Singh J, Sreedhar N, Chandra R, Kumbhare M, Pant H. Development of high power laser and relevant technology in India. Fusion Engineering and Design 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Khare P. Comment on "Time variation of fundamental constants, primordial nucleosynthesis, and the size of extra dimensions.". Int J Clin Exp Med 1986; 34:1936-1937. [PMID: 9957373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Agrawal SR, Bhalla AS, Khare P. An unusual laryngeal foreign body. J Laryngol Otol 1986; 100:357-9. [PMID: 3950505 DOI: 10.1017/s002221510009928x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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