1
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Rensing-Ehl A, Lorenz MR, Führer M, Willenbacher W, Willenbacher E, Sopper S, Abinun M, Maccari ME, König C, Haegele P, Fuchs S, Castro C, Kury P, Pelle O, Klemann C, Heeg M, Thalhammer J, Wegehaupt O, Fischer M, Goldacker S, Schulte B, Biskup S, Chatelain P, Schuster V, Warnatz K, Grimbacher B, Meinhardt A, Holzinger D, Oommen PT, Hinze T, Hebart H, Seeger K, Lehmberg K, Leahy TR, Claviez A, Vieth S, Schilling FH, Fuchs I, Groß M, Rieux-Laucat F, Magerus A, Speckmann C, Schwarz K, Ehl S. Abnormal biomarkers predict complex FAS or FADD defects missed by exome sequencing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:297-308.e12. [PMID: 37979702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- double-negative T cells (DNT) and serum biomarkers help identify FAS mutant patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). However, in some patients with clinical features and biomarkers consistent with ALPS, germline or somatic FAS mutations cannot be identified on standard exon sequencing (ALPS-undetermined: ALPS-U). OBJECTIVE We sought to explore whether complex genetic alterations in the FAS gene escaping standard sequencing or mutations in other FAS pathway-related genes could explain these cases. METHODS Genetic analysis included whole FAS gene sequencing, copy number variation analysis, and sequencing of FAS cDNA and other FAS pathway-related genes. It was guided by FAS expression analysis on CD57+DNT, which can predict somatic loss of heterozygosity (sLOH). RESULTS Nine of 16 patients with ALPS-U lacked FAS expression on CD57+DNT predicting heterozygous "loss-of-expression" FAS mutations plus acquired somatic second hits in the FAS gene, enriched in DNT. Indeed, 7 of 9 analyzed patients carried deep intronic mutations or large deletions in the FAS gene combined with sLOH detectable in DNT; 1 patient showed a FAS exon duplication. Three patients had reduced FAS expression, and 2 of them harbored mutations in the FAS promoter, which reduced FAS expression in reporter assays. Three of the 4 ALPS-U patients with normal FAS expression carried heterozygous FADD mutations with sLOH. CONCLUSION A combination of serum biomarkers and DNT phenotyping is an accurate means to identify patients with ALPS who are missed by routine exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Marita Führer
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Syndena GmbH, Connect to cure, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ella Willenbacher
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Clinic for Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Abinun
- Paediatric Immunology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Elena Maccari
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph König
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Haegele
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carla Castro
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Kury
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Pelle
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christian Klemann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Thalhammer
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Paediatric Immunology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Wegehaupt
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Fischer
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigune Goldacker
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Schulte
- Center for Human Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Center for Human Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Volker Schuster
- Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Clinic for Rheumatolgy and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Clinic for Rheumatolgy and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Meinhardt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunodeficiencies, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Prasad Thomas Oommen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Hinze
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Hebart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kliniken Ostalb, Stauferklinikum, Mutlangen, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Seeger
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Augustenburger Pl. 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Ronan Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology/ID, Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin; University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander Claviez
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Vieth
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Freimut H Schilling
- Department of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology-Immunology, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Fuchs
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Groß
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magerus
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Maccari ME, Schneider P, Smulski CR, Meinhardt A, Pinto F, Gonzalez-Granado LI, Schuetz C, Sica MP, Gross M, Fuchs I, Kury P, Heeg M, Vocat T, Willen L, Thomas C, Hühn R, Magerus A, Lorenz M, Schwarz K, Rieux-Laucat F, Ehl S, Rensing-Ehl A. Revisiting autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by Fas ligand mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1391-1401.e7. [PMID: 36621650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed by activated T cells and induces death in target cells upon binding to Fas. Loss-of-function FAS or FASLG mutations cause autoimmune-lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) characterized by expanded double-negative T cells (DNT) and elevated serum biomarkers. While most ALPS patients carry heterozygous FAS mutations, FASLG mutations are rare and usually biallelic. Only 2 heterozygous variants were reported, associated with an atypical clinical phenotype. OBJECTIVE We revisited the significance of heterozygous FASLG mutations as a cause of ALPS. METHODS Clinical features and biomarkers were analyzed in 24 individuals with homozygous or heterozygous FASLG variants predicted to be deleterious. Cytotoxicity assays were performed with patient T cells and biochemical assays with recombinant FasL. RESULTS Homozygous FASLG variants abrogated cytotoxicity and resulted in early-onset severe ALPS with elevated DNT, raised vitamin B12, and usually no soluble FasL. In contrast, heterozygous variants affected FasL function by reducing expression, impairing trimerization, or preventing Fas binding. However, they were not associated with elevated DNT and vitamin B12, and they did not affect FasL-mediated cytotoxicity. The dominant-negative effects of previously published variants could not be confirmed. Even Y166C, causing loss of Fas binding with a dominant-negative effect in biochemical assays, did not impair cellular cytotoxicity or cause vitamin B12 and DNT elevation. CONCLUSION Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations are better tolerated for FASLG than for FAS, which may explain the low frequency of ALPS-FASLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Maccari
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Roberto Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrea Meinhardt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fernando Pinto
- Department of Haematology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Ignacio Gonzalez-Granado
- Primary Immunodeficiency Unit, Pediatrics, Hospital 12 octubre, Madrid, France; Instituto de Investigation Hospital 12 octubre (imas12), Madrid, France; School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, France
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mauricio Pablo Sica
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Miriam Gross
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Fuchs
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Kury
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Vocat
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Regina Hühn
- Clinic for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Aude Magerus
- Université Paris-Cité, Imagine Institute Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Lorenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris-Cité, Imagine Institute Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Maccari ME, Fuchs S, Kury P, Andrieux G, Völkl S, Bengsch B, Lorenz MR, Heeg M, Rohr J, Jägle S, Castro CN, Groß M, Warthorst U, König C, Fuchs I, Speckmann C, Thalhammer J, Kapp FG, Seidel MG, Dückers G, Schönberger S, Schütz C, Führer M, Kobbe R, Holzinger D, Klemann C, Smisek P, Owens S, Horneff G, Kolb R, Naumann-Bartsch N, Miano M, Staniek J, Rizzi M, Kalina T, Schneider P, Erxleben A, Backofen R, Ekici A, Niemeyer CM, Warnatz K, Grimbacher B, Eibel H, Mackensen A, Frei AP, Schwarz K, Boerries M, Ehl S, Rensing-Ehl A. A distinct CD38+CD45RA+ population of CD4+, CD8+, and double-negative T cells is controlled by FAS. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211525. [PMID: 33170215 PMCID: PMC7658692 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of rare immune cell populations in humans can be facilitated by their growth advantage in the context of specific genetic diseases. Here, we use autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome to identify a population of FAS-controlled TCRαβ+ T cells. They include CD4+, CD8+, and double-negative T cells and can be defined by a CD38+CD45RA+T-BET− expression pattern. These unconventional T cells are present in healthy individuals, are generated before birth, are enriched in lymphoid tissue, and do not expand during acute viral infection. They are characterized by a unique molecular signature that is unambiguously different from other known T cell differentiation subsets and independent of CD4 or CD8 expression. Functionally, FAS-controlled T cells represent highly proliferative, noncytotoxic T cells with an IL-10 cytokine bias. Mechanistically, regulation of this physiological population is mediated by FAS and CTLA4 signaling, and its survival is enhanced by mTOR and STAT3 signals. Genetic alterations in these pathways result in expansion of FAS-controlled T cells, which can cause significant lymphoproliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Maccari
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kury
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5-Hematology/Oncology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,Bioss Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Myriam Ricarda Lorenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Rohr
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Jägle
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carla N Castro
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Groß
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Warthorst
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph König
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Fuchs
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Thalhammer
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich G Kapp
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus G Seidel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Dückers
- Helios Kliniken Krefeld, Children's Hospital, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- University of Bonn, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Catharina Schütz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marita Führer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Kobbe
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Klemann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petr Smisek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Owens
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerd Horneff
- Department of General Paediatrics, Clinic Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kolb
- Department of General Paediatrics, Clinic Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nora Naumann-Bartsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maurizio Miano
- Haematology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Julian Staniek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Medical School, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anika Erxleben
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics, Institute for Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Resolving Infection Susceptibility Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5-Hematology/Oncology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Philipp Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Kury P, Führer M, Fuchs S, Lorenz MR, Giorgetti OB, Bakhtiar S, Frei AP, Fisch P, Boehm T, Schwarz K, Speckmann C, Ehl S. Long-term robustness of a T-cell system emerging from somatic rescue of a genetic block in T-cell development. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102961. [PMID: 32841837 PMCID: PMC7452388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND The potential of a single progenitor cell to establish and maintain long-term protective T-cell immunity in humans is unknown. For genetic disorders disabling T-cell immunity, somatic reversion was shown to support limited T-cell development attenuating the clinical phenotype. However, the cases reported so far deteriorated over time leaving unanswered the important question of long-term activity of revertant precursors and the robustness of the resulting T-cell system. METHODS We applied TCRβ-CDR3 sequencing and mass cytometry on serial samples of a now 18 year-old SCIDX1 patient with somatic reversion to analyse the longitudinal diversification and stability of a T-cell system emerging from somatic gene rescue. FINDINGS We detected close to 105 individual CDR3β sequences in the patient. Blood samples of equal size contained about 10-fold fewer unique CDR3β sequences compared to healthy donors, indicating a surprisingly broad repertoire. Despite dramatic expansions and contractions of individual clonotypes representing up to 30% of the repertoire, stable diversity indices revealed that these transient clonal distortions did not cause long-term repertoire imbalance. Phenotypically, the T-cell system did not show evidence for progressive exhaustion. Combined with immunoglobulin substitution, the limited T-cell system in this patient supported an unremarkable clinical course over 18 years. INTERPRETATION Genetic correction in the appropriate cell type, in our patient most likely in a T-cell biased self-renewing hematopoietic progenitor, can yield a diverse T-cell system that provides long-term repertoire stability, does not show evidence for progressive exhaustion and is capable of providing protective and regulated T-cell immunity for at least two decades. FUNDING DFG EH 145/9-1, DFG SCHW 432/4-1 and the German Research Foundation under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC-2189-Project ID: 390939984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kury
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Führer
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myriam R Lorenz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Orlando Bruno Giorgetti
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Bakhtiar
- Division for Pediatric Stem-Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; CIBBS -Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Smulski CR, Kury P, Seidel LM, Staiger HS, Edinger AK, Willen L, Seidl M, Hess H, Salzer U, Rolink AG, Rizzi M, Schneider P, Eibel H. BAFF- and TACI-Dependent Processing of BAFFR by ADAM Proteases Regulates the Survival of B Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2189-2202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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J. Rivera F, Kraus J, Steffenhagen C, Kury P, Weidner N, Aigner L. Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: The Therapeutic Potential of Neural and Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/157436211797483994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Thien D, Kury P, Horn-von Hoegen M, Meyer Zu Heringdorf FJ, van Heys J, Lindenblatt M, Pehlke E. Domain sensitive contrast in photoelectron emission microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:196102. [PMID: 18233086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.196102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the adsorption of cesium on the Si(100) surface with photoelectron emission microscopy using linearly polarized green laser light. We observe a polarization dependent contrast between the (2 x 1) or (1 x 2) reconstructed terraces. Density-functional calculations reveal the geometric and electronic structure of the Cs/Si(100) surface. The contrast between the (2 x 1) or (1 x 2) reconstructed domains is explained on the basis of dipole selection rules for the photoemission matrix elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thien
- Fachbereich Physik und CeNiDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.
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Schmidt T, Kröger R, Flege JI, Clausen T, Falta J, Janzen A, Zahl P, Kury P, Kammler M, Horn-von Hoegen M. Less strain energy despite fewer misfit dislocations: the impact of ordering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:066101. [PMID: 16606012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.066101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The average strain state of Ge films grown on Si(111) by surfactant mediated epitaxy has been compared to the ordering of the interfacial misfit dislocation network. Surprisingly, a smaller degree of average lattice relaxation was found in films grown at higher temperature. On the other hand, these films exhibit a better ordered dislocation network. This effect energetically compensates the higher strain at higher growth temperature, leading to the conclusion that, apart from the formation of misfit dislocations, their ordering represents an important channel for lattice-strain energy relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Schmidt
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Thien D, Meyer zu Heringdorf FJ, Kury P, Horn-von Hoegen M. Characterizing single crystal surfaces using high resolution electron diffraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 379:588-93. [PMID: 14997266 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterization and controlled manipulation of surfaces is a crucial factor in modern processing of the technologically relevant Si(100) surface. Using spot profile analyzing low energy electron diffraction, the morphological changes from a single stepped vicinal Si(100) surface to a single-domain (2x1) reconstructed surface have been investigated in situ during Si deposition. The temperature range for formation of this kinetically-stabilized single-domain surface was found to be 400-500 degrees C. This single-domain surface could be preserved for further characterization and experiments after quenching to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thien
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Standort Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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Kury P, Zahl P, Horn-von Hoegen M. Direct observation of reconstruction induced changes of surface stress for Sb on Si(111). Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 379:582-7. [PMID: 14740143 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With the combination of high resolution low energy electron diffraction and a bending sample technique we have simultaneously studied surface stress and surface structure during adsorption and desorption of antimony on the Si(111) surface. During desorption, several surface reconstructions with significantly different effects on the stress signal evolve. The surface stress of all observed structures has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kury
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45-141 Essen, Germany.
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