[Study on application of posterior tibial slope angle in anterior cruciate ligament]

Posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and has attracted a lot of attention, but its mechanism of action and diagnosis are still not systematically studied in the field of sports medicine. In this paper, we believe that PTSA should be measured by full-length lower extremity films and combined with multiple imaging data for comprehensive assessment to reduce errors. A large PTSA may increases risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, so patients with more than 12 degrees of PTSA should be treated by preserving meniscus as much as possible during ACL reconstruction and combining with tibial osteotomy if necessary, which could effectively prevent risk of ligament re-injury. At the same time, gait analysis has an important reference value for preoperative pathogenic pattern and postoperative rehabilitation function, so the author believes that it will have a guiding significance for the development of individualized rehabilitation strategy based on PTSA, in order to achieve the best treatment effect.

Research progress and hotspots on macrophages in osteoarthritis: A bibliometric analysis from 2009 to 2022

BACKGROUND

Macrophages in the synovium, as immune cells, can be polarized into different phenotypes to play an anti-inflammatory role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, bibliometric methods were used to search the relevant literature to find valuable research directions for researchers and provide new targets for osteoarthritis prevention and early treatment.

METHODS

Studies about the application of macrophages in the treatment of osteoarthritis were searched through the Web of Science core database from 2009 to 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R software, and 2 online websites were used to analyze the research status and predict the future development of the trend in research on macrophages in osteoarthritis.

RESULTS

The number of publications identified with the search strategy was 1304. China and the United States ranked first in the number of publications. Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first in the world with 37 papers. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage was the journal with the most publications, and "exosomes," "stem cells," "macrophage polarization," "regeneration," and "innate immunity" may remain the research hotspots and frontiers in the future.

CONCLUSION

The findings from the global trend analysis indicate that research on macrophages in the treatment of osteoarthritis is gradually deepening, and the number of studies is increasing. Exosomes may become a research trend and hotspot in the future.

LncRNA TUG1 compromised neuronal mitophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting sirtuin 1

BACKGROUND

Mitophagy protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R)-induced neuronal apoptosis via mitochondrial clearance. Although taurine-upregulated gene 1 (lncRNA TUG1) has been proposed to be involved in the neuronal apoptosis evoked by CI/R, its specific role in mitophagy during the progression of CI/R injury remains unknown.

METHODS

The CI/R rat model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to determine the interplay among TUG1, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7).

RESULTS

The upregulation of the TUG1 level and downregulation of the mitophagy were observed in both MCAO/R-treated rats and OGD/R-treated cells. The administration of si-TUG1 (a siRNA directed against TUG1) potentiated mitophagy and suppressed neuronal apoptosis in OGD/R-treated cells. However, the neuroprotective effect of si-TUG1 was reversed by mitophagy inhibitor or SIRT1 knockdown in vitro. Functionally, TUG1 enhanced FBXW7-mediated SIRT1 ubiquitination by upregulating FBXW7 expression. The overexpression of FBXW7 abrogated the si-TUG1-reinforced mitophagy by decreasing SIRT1 expression, thus aggravating neuronal apoptosis in the OGD/R+si-TUG1-treated cells. In rats with MCAO/R, the interference of TUG1 clearly decreased neuronal apoptosis, lessened the infarct volume, and relieved the neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION

TUG1 knockdown promotes SIRT1-induced mitophagy by suppressing FBXW7-mediated SIRT1 degradation, thus relieving the neuronal apoptosis induced by CI/R injury. LncRNA TUG1 promotes neuronal apoptosis through inhibition of mitophagy. TUG1 decreased SIRT1 expression by promoting FBXW7-mediated SIRT1 ubiquitination. FBXW7/SIRT1 axis mediated the effect of TUG1 on OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating mitophagy.

[Lateral needling at Lianquan (CV 23) for post-stroke dysphagia: a randomized controlled trial]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the effect of lateral needling at Lianquan (CV 23) for post-stroke dysphagia, and explore its mechanism.

METHODS

A total of 64 patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional basic treatment. The observation group was treated with lateral needling at CV 23, without needle retaining, once a day. The control group was treated with swallowing rehabilitation training, once a day. Both groups were treated for 5 days a week, with 2 days interval, 1 week as one course and 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade and standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score were compared in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was used to measure the hyoid bone movement displacement and pharyngeal delivery time in the observation group.

RESULTS

Compared before treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade after treatment was improved in the two groups (P<0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.05); the SSA scores after treatment were decreased in the two groups (P<0.05), and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the hyoid bone movement displacement was increased and pharyngeal delivery time was shortened after treatment in the observation group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Lateral needling at CV 23 could improve dysphagia symptoms in patients with post-stroke dysphagia, its mechanism may be related to the increasing of hyoid bone movement displacement and shortening of pharyngeal delivery time.

Diagnostic value of orbicularis oculi muscle electromyography in functional epiphora

BACKGROUND

Functional epiphora is a clinical condition which is not due to an anatomic defect. Most studies agree that it involves the action of the orbicularis oculi muscle, particularly its deeper segment (Horner’s muscle), but the exact mechanism is not clear.

AIM

To evaluate the orbicularis oculi muscle in functional epiphora patients using electromyography (EMG).

METHODS

A total of 8 Chinese patients (16 eyes) with functional epiphora were enrolled in this study, and ten volunteers (10 eyes) were included as normal controls. Five epiphora patients (five eyes) with facial palsy served as positive controls. Quantitative EMG was performed in the deeper segment of orbicularis oculi muscle. The average duration of each EMG waveform was measured.

RESULTS

The average duration of EMG waveforms in the normal control group, the functional epiphora group, and the facial palsy group were 6.39 ± 0.73 ms, 9.39 ± 1.32 ms and 11.2 ± 1.42 ms, respectively. The duration of EMG waveforms was significantly longer in the functional epiphora group than in the normal control group (P < 0.05), and shorter than that in the facial palsy group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

These data indicate the presence of neurogenic orbicularis oculi muscle damage in epiphora patients, which may be the cause of functional epiphora. The etiology of neurogenic damage in the orbicularis oculi muscle requires further investigation.

[The risk factors of periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty:a meta-analysis]

OBJECTIVE

To explore risk factors of the periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty.

METHODS

Potential studies were searched in databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI as well as Wanfang Database up to November 2018 and references in related literatures. The methodological quality of literature was estimated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Raw data were merged and tested mainly by Revmain 5.3.

RESULTS

Seventeen studies in total were appropriate with 90 632 patients. The results revealed that it increased the risk of periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty, including female (OR=1.62, 95%CI:1.44 to 1.82, P<0.01), revision(OR=3.78, 95%CI:1.88 to 7.58, P<0.01), preoperative diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis(OR=1.60, 95%CI:1.07 to 2.37, P=0.02). Conversely, patients involved with cemented prosthesis fixation(OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.27 to 0.68, P<0.01) were less likely to suffer periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty. Other factors were not significantly relevant to periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty, including the age, preoperative diagnosis(femoral head necrosis, osteoarthritis, developmental dysplasia of the hip, femoral fracture, concomitant heart diseases) and American Society of Anesthesiologists >=3.

CONCLUSIONS

Orthopedics doctors should constantly be cantious about the risk factors including female, revision and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. They are supposed to prevent the periprosthetic fracture by gentle operation during hip arthroplasty and monitoring the functional exercise after operations when the above risk factors occur.