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Giordano A, Cinti F, Canese R, Carpinelli G, Colleluori G, Di Vincenzo A, Palombelli G, Severi I, Moretti M, Redaelli C, Partridge J, Zingaretti MC, Agostini A, Sternardi F, Giovagnoni A, Castorina S, Cinti S. The Adipose Organ Is a Unitary Structure in Mice and Humans. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092275. [PMID: 36140375 PMCID: PMC9496043 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In mice and humans with obesity, the adipose organ undergoes remarkable morpho-functional alterations. The comprehension of the adipose organ function and organization is of paramount importance to understand its pathology and formulate future therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we performed anatomical dissections, magnetic resonance imaging, computed axial tomography and histological and immunohistochemical assessments of humans and mouse adipose tissues. We demonstrate that most of the two types of adipose tissues (white, WAT and brown, BAT) form a large unitary structure fulfilling all the requirements necessary to be considered as a true organ in both species. A detailed analysis of the gross anatomy of mouse adipose organs in different pathophysiological conditions (normal, cold, pregnancy, obesity) shows that the organ consists of a unitary structure composed of different tissues: WAT, BAT, and glands (pregnancy). Data from autoptic dissection of 8 cadavers, 2 females and 6 males (Age: 37.5 ± 9.7, BMI: 23 ± 2.7 kg/m2) and from detailed digital dissection of 4 digitalized cadavers, 2 females and 2 males (Age: 39 ± 14.2 years, BMI: 22.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2) confirmed the mixed (WAT and BAT) composition and the unitary structure of the adipose organ also in humans. Considering the remarkable endocrine roles of WAT and BAT, the definition of the endocrine adipose organ would be even more appropriate in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - F. Cinti
- UOS Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, UOC Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - R. Canese
- MRI Unit-Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Carpinelli
- MRI Unit-Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Palombelli
- MRI Unit-Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - I. Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - M. C. Zingaretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Agostini
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - F. Sternardi
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Giovagnoni
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - S. Castorina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - S. Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for the Study of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zoratto F, Palombelli G, Ruocco L, Carboni E, Laviola G, Sadile A, Adriani W, Canese R. Enhanced limbic/impaired cortical-loop connection onto the hippocampus of NHE rats: Application of resting-state functional connectivity in a preclinical ADHD model. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Altabella L, Zoratto F, Adriani W, Canese R. MR imaging-detectable metabolic alterations in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: from preclinical to clinical studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:S55-63. [PMID: 24481327 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MR spectroscopy represents one of the most suitable in vivo tool to assess neurochemical dysfunction in several brain disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence, which persists into adulthood (in approximately 30%-50% of cases). In past years, many studies have applied different MR spectroscopy techniques to investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and animal models, from childhood to adulthood. We found that the most investigated brain regions were the (pre)frontal lobes and striatum, both involved in the frontostriatal circuits and networks that are known to be impaired in this pathology. Neurometabolite alterations were detected in several regions: the NAA, choline, and glutamatergic compounds. The creatine pool was also altered when an absolute quantitative protocol was adopted. In particular, glutamate was increased in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and this can apparently be reversed by methylphenidate treatment. The main difficulties in reviewing MR spectroscopy studies were in the nonhomogeneity of the analyzed subjects, the variety of the investigated brain regions, and also the use of different MR spectroscopy techniques. As for possible improvements in future studies, we recommend the use of standardized protocols and the analysis of other brain regions of particular interest for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, like the hippocampus, limbic structures, thalamus, and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Altabella
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences (L.A., F.Z., W.A., R.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - F Zoratto
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences (L.A., F.Z., W.A., R.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyBambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS (F.Z.), Rome, Italy
| | - W Adriani
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences (L.A., F.Z., W.A., R.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Canese
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences (L.A., F.Z., W.A., R.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Pisanu ME, Ricci A, Paris L, Surrentino E, Liliac L, Bagnoli M, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Podo F, Iorio E, Canese R. Monitoring response to cytostatic cisplatin in a HER2(+) ovary cancer model by MRI and in vitro and in vivo MR spectroscopy. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:625-35. [PMID: 24335926 PMCID: PMC3915124 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited knowledge is available on alterations induced by cytostatic drugs on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) parameters of human cancers, in absence of apoptosis or cytotoxicity. We here investigated the effects of a cytostatic cisplatin (CDDP) treatment on 1H MRS and MRI of HER2-overexpressing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and in vivo xenografts. Methods: High-resolution MRS analyses were performed on in vivo passaged SKOV3.ip cells and cell/tissue extracts (16.4 or 9.4 T). In vivo MRI/MRS quantitative analyses (4.7 T) were conducted on xenografts obtained by subcutaneous implantation of SKOV3.ip cells in SCID mice. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and metabolite levels were measured. Results: CDDP-induced cytostatic effects were associated with a metabolic shift of cancer cells towards accumulation of MRS-detected neutral lipids, whereas the total choline profile failed to be perturbed in both cultured cells and xenografts. In vivo MRI examinations showed delayed tumour growth in the CDDP-treated group, associated with early reduction of the ADC mean value. Conclusion: This study provides an integrated set of information on cancer metabolism and physiology for monitoring the response of an EOC model to a cytostatic chemotherapy, as a basis for improving the interpretation of non-invasive MR examinations of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pisanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Paris
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Surrentino
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Liliac
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy [2] Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - M Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - R Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Iorio E, Ricci A, Pisanu M, Bagnoli M, de Cecco L, Mezzanzanica D, Canese R, Spadaro F, Canevari S, Podo F. 378 Aberrant phosphatidylcholine metabolism as source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Carpinelli G, Canese R, Vetrugno V, Di Bari M, Santoro F, Lu M, Sbriccoli M, Pocchiari M, Agrimi U, Podo F. T2-Weighted MRI Signal Alterations in the Early-Clinical Phase of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Scrapie Rodent Model. Magn Reson�Insights 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/mri.s2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases are fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. Clinical signs typically appear after years and even decades of silent disease progression. This study was aimed at investigating whether altered brain MRI patterns may precede clinical signs in a TSE rodent model. Methods In vivo T2-weighted (T2W) MRI examinations (4.7 T) were performed on Golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) intracerebrally, orally, or intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected with the 263K scrapie strain. Histopathological analyses were performed on i.p. infected GSH at the end of one-day or longitudinal MRI sessions. Results T2W-MRI hyperintensity was detected in the thalamic nuclei of GSH with clinical signs, irrespective of the infection route. Hyperintensity in the thalamus was also observed in pre-clinical animals, between 106 and 121 days post-infection (dpi), while normal T2W intensity was detected in four animals examined between 72 and 96 dpi. Pathological prion protein deposition (but no astrogliosis and only occasionally, weak spongiosis) was detected between 106 and 121 dpi. Conclusions The altered T2W-MRI pattern detected in the thalamus of asymptomatic i.p. infected GSH provides a useful basis for evaluating the effectiveness of possible therapeutic approaches at early stages of TSE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Canese
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Imaging
| | - V. Vetrugno
- Unit of Clinic Diagnostic and Therapy of Degenerative Central Nervous System Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences
| | - M.A. Di Bari
- Unit of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - M. Lu
- Unit of Clinic Diagnostic and Therapy of Degenerative Central Nervous System Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences
| | - M. Sbriccoli
- Unit of Clinic Diagnostic and Therapy of Degenerative Central Nervous System Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences
| | - M. Pocchiari
- Unit of Clinic Diagnostic and Therapy of Degenerative Central Nervous System Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences
| | - U. Agrimi
- Unit of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Podo
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Imaging
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Adriani W, Canese R, Podo F, Laviola G. 1H MRS-detectable metabolic brain changes and reduced impulsive behavior in adult rats exposed to methylphenidate during adolescence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006; 29:116-25. [PMID: 17196789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Administration of methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin) to children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an elective therapy, which however raises concerns for public health, due to possible persistent neuro-behavioral alterations. We investigated potential long-term consequences at adulthood of MPH exposure during adolescence, by means of behavioral and brain MRS assessment in drug-free state. Wistar adolescent rats (30- to 44-day-old) were treated with MPH (0 or 2 mg/kg once/day for 14 days) and then left undisturbed until adulthood. Levels of impulsive behavior were assessed in the intolerance-to-delay task: Food-restricted rats were tested in operant chambers with two nose-poking holes, delivering one food pellet immediately, or five pellets after a delay whose length was increased over days. MPH-exposed animals showed a less marked shifting profile from the large/late to the small/soon reward, suggesting reduced basal levels of impulsivity, compared to controls. In vivo MRI-guided 1H MRS examinations at 4.7 T in anaesthetised animals revealed long-term biochemical changes in the dorsal striatum (STR), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of MPH-exposed rats. Notably, total creatine and taurine, metabolites respectively involved in bioenergetics and synaptic efficiency, were up-regulated in the STR and conversely down-regulated in the NAcc of MPH-exposed rats. A strong correlation was evident between non-phosphorylated creatine in the STR and behavioral impulsivity. Moreover, unaltered total creatine and increased phospho-creatine/creatine ratio were detected in the PFC, suggesting improved cortical energetic performance. Because of this enduring rearrangement in the forebrain function, MPH-exposed animals may be more efficient when faced with delay of reinforcement. In summary, MPH exposure during adolescence produced enduring MRS-detectable biochemical modifications in brain reward-related circuits, which may account for increased self-control capacity of adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adriani
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Canese R, Lorenzini P, Fortuna S, Volpe MT, Giannini M, Podo F, Michalek H. Age-dependent MRI-detected lesions at early stages of transient global ischemia in rat brain. MAGMA 2004; 17:109-16. [PMID: 15614516 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although ischemic stroke has higher incidence and severity in aged than in young humans, the age factor is generally neglected in ischemia animal models. This study was aimed at comparing age-dependent effects at early stages of transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in rats. TGCI was induced in two groups of rats (3-6 and 20-24 months old, respectively) by exposure to 15% oxygen and 15 min occlusion of the two common carotid arteries. Brains were analysed in vivo by MRI-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 maps--at 1-3 h post-TGCI and in vitro by histochemical examination of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained slices. At 1-3 h post-TGCI, a higher incidence of lesions was found in aged than in young rats especially in the hippocampus and cortex (occipital plus parietal) but not in the thalamus. The lesioned regions showed lower ADC values in aged than in younger rats. The most substantial ADC decreases were associated with enhanced spin-spin relaxation and lower TTC staining. The different responses of the two age groups support the use of aged animals for investigations on different ischemia models. Our model of brain ischemia appears appropriate for further studies including drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Podo F, Sardanelli F, Canese R, D'Agnolo G, Natali PG, Crecco M, Grandinetti ML, Musumeci R, Trecate G, Bergonzi S, De Simone T, Costa C, Pasini B, Manuokian S, Spatti GB, Vergnaghi D, Morassut S, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R, Viel A, De Giacomi C, Veronesi A, Coran F, Silingardi V, Turchett D, Cortesi L, De Santis M, Federico M, Romagnoli R, Ferrari S, Bevilacqua G, Bartolozzi C, Caligo MA, Cilotti A, Marini C, Cirillo S, Marra V, Martincich L, Contegiacomo A, Pensabene M, Capuano I, Burgazzi GB, Petrillo A, Bonomo L, Carriero A, Mariani-Costantini R, Battista P, Cama A, Palca G, Di Maggio C, D'Andrea E, Bazzocchi M, Francescutti GE, Zuiani C, Londero V, Zunnui I, Gustavino C, Centurioni MG, Iozzelli A, Panizza P, Del Maschio A. The Italian multi-centre project on evaluation of MRI and other imaging modalities in early detection of breast cancer in subjects at high genetic risk. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2002; 21:115-24. [PMID: 12585665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the preliminary results of the first phase (21 months) of a multi-centre, non-randomised, prospective study, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray mammography (XM) and ultrasound (US) in early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) in subjects at high genetic risk. This Italian national trial (coordinated by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome) so far recruited 105 women (mean age 46.0 years; median age 51.0; age range 25-77 years), who were either proven BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers or had a 1 in 2 probability of being carriers (40/105 with a previous personal history of BC). Eight cases of breast carcinomas were detected in the trial (mean age 55.3 years, median age 52.5; age range 35-70 years; five with previous personal history of BC). All trial-detected BC cases (8/8) were identified by MRI, while XM and US correctly classified only one. MRI had one false positive case, XM and US none. Seven "MRI-only" detected cancers (4 invasive, 3 in situ) occurred in both pre- (n = 2) and post-menopausal (n = 5) women. With respect to the current XM screening programmes addressed to women in the age range 50-69 years, the global incidence of BC in the trial (7.6%) was over ten-fold higher. The cost per "MRI-only" detected cancer in this particular category of subjects at high genetic risk was substantially lower than that of an XM-detected cancer in the general women population. These preliminary results confirmed that MRI is a very useful tool to screen subjects at high genetic risk for breast carcinoma, not only in pre-, but also in post-menopausal age, with a low probability of false positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Podo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare, Roma, Italy.
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Casieri C, Testa C, Carpinelli G, Canese R, Podo F, De Luca F. Proton MRI of (13)C distribution by J and chemical shift editing. J Magn Reson 2001; 153:117-123. [PMID: 11700088 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of (13)C NMR imaging can be considerably favored by detecting the (1)H nuclei bound to (13)C nuclei via scalar J-interaction (X-filter). However, the J-editing approaches have difficulty in discriminating between compounds with similar J-constant as, for example, different glucose metabolites. In such cases, it is almost impossible to get J-edited images of a single-compound distribution, since the various molecules are distinguishable only via their chemical shift. In a recent application of J-editing to high-resolution spectroscopy, it has been shown that a more efficient chemical selectivity could be obtained by utilizing the larger chemical shift range of (13)C. This has been made by introducing frequency-selective (13)C pulses that allow a great capability of indirect chemical separation. Here a double-resonance imaging approach is proposed, based on both J-editing and (13)C chemical shift editing, which achieves a powerful chemical selectivity and is able to produce full maps of specific chemical compounds. Results are presented on a multicompartments sample containing solutions of glucose and lactic and glutamic acid in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Casieri
- INFM and Department of Physics, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Testa C, Casieri C, Canese R, Carpinelli G, Podo F, De Luca F. In vivo detection of 13C-enriched glucose metabolites in mouse brain by T-SEDOR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 19:739-43. [PMID: 11672633 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(01)00374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protons J-coupled to 13C were selectively detected in the mouse head by in vivo 1H NMR imaging based on Twin Spin Echo DOuble Resonance (T-SEDOR) excitation. This pulse sequence combines a good chemical specificity with high sensitivity, requires no solvent pre-saturation and is well adapted to the imaging modality. 1H T-SEDOR maps of the mouse head allowed detection of areas of preferential accumulation of 13C-enriched compounds, upon repeated injections of uniformly 13C-labelled glucose, which induced hyperglycemia. The results demonstrated the feasibility, both in time scale and metabolite concentration, of applying T-SEDOR MRI for in vivo mapping brain areas characterized by enhanced rates of glucose uptake and/or accumulation of its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Testa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Bovée W, Canese R, Decorps M, Forssell-Aronsson E, Le Fur Y, Howe F, Karlsen O, Knijn A, Kontaxis G, Kügel H, McLean M, Podo F, Slotboom J, Vikhoff B, Ziegler A. Absolute metabolite quantification by in vivo NMR spectroscopy: IV. Multicentre trial on MRSI localisation tests. Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 16:1113-25. [PMID: 9839995 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The difference between the experimental and theoretical spatial response function (SRF) of a narrow tube with water is used for a localization test for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). From this difference a quantitative performance parameter is derived for the relative amount of signal within a limited region in the field of view. The total signal loss by the MRSI experiment and eddy currents is described by a parameter SL derived from the signal intensities of two echoes. Results of a European multi-centre trial show that this approach is suited for assessment of MRSI localization performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bovée
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Keevil SF, Barbiroli B, Brooks JC, Cady EB, Canese R, Carlier P, Collins DJ, Gilligan P, Gobbi G, Hennig J, Kügel H, Leach MO, Metzler D, Mlynárik V, Moser E, Newbold MC, Payne GS, Ring P, Roberts JN, Rowland IJ, Thiel T, Tkác I, Topp S, Wittsack HJ, Podo F. Absolute metabolite quantification by in vivo NMR spectroscopy: II. A multicentre trial of protocols for in vivo localised proton studies of human brain. Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 16:1093-106. [PMID: 9839993 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a multicentre trial to assess the performance of three techniques for absolute quantification of cerebral metabolites using in vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The techniques included were 1) an internal water standard method, 2) an external standard method based on phantom replacement, and 3) a more sophisticated method incorporating elements of both the internal and external standard approaches, together with compartmental analysis of brain water. Only the internal water standard technique could be readily implemented at all participating sites and gave acceptable precision and interlaboratory reproducibility. This method was insensitive to many of the experimental factors affecting the performance of the alternative techniques, including effects related to loading, standing waves and B1 inhomogeneities; and practical issues of phantom positioning, user expertise and examination duration. However, the internal water standard method assumes a value for the concentration of NMR-visible water within the spectroscopic volume of interest. In general, it is necessary to modify this assumed concentration on the basis of the grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) content of the volume, and the NMR-visible water content of the grey and white matter fractions. Combining data from 11 sites, the concentrations of the principal NMR-visible metabolites in the brains of healthy subjects (age range 20-35 years) determined using the internal water standard method were (mean+/-SD): [NAA]=10.0+/-3.4 mM (n=53), [tCho]=1.9+/-1.0 mM (n=51), [Cr + PCr]=6.5+/-3.7 mM (n=51). Evidence of system instability and other sources of error at some participating sites reinforces the need for rigorous quality assurance in quantitative spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Keevil
- United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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Canese R, Fortuna S, Lorenzini P, Podo F, Michalek H. Transient global brain ischemia in young and aged rats: differences in severity and progression, but not localisation, of lesions evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. MAGMA 1998; 7:28-34. [PMID: 9877457 DOI: 10.1007/bf02592254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A model of transient global brain ischemia consisting of bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries for 10 min and mild hypoxia (15% O2-85% N2) for 20 min was studied by means of MRI in young and aged Fischer 344 rats (3-4 and 24-26 months, respectively). Ischemia was assessed by full suppression of spontaneous EEG activity, which reappeared and normalized similarly in the two age-groups. The survival of young with respect to aged rats was considerably higher both at 24 h (20/20, i.e. 100% vs 12/16, i.e. 75%) and at 48 h (16/20, i.e. 80% vs 6/16, i.e. 38%). The localisation of brain lesions, their severity and progression were evaluated by a diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) sequence at 24 and 48 h post-ischemia. There were no DWI-detectable lesions in eight out of 20 young and two out of 12 aged rats. The localisation of DWI-detected lesions was rather similar in rats of the two age-groups. In fact, the cerebral cortex, mainly parietal, occipital and temporal lobes were damaged in 83% of young and 90% of aged rats. The respective percentages for the thalamus were 83 and 60%, for the striatum 58 and 50%, and for the hippocampus 25 and 30%. The lesions present in the cerebral cortex and the thalamus were considerably more severe in aged than in young rats. In conclusion, in spite of similar localisation of ischemic lesions in the two age-groups, their incidence was higher, appearance more rapid and severity more pronounced in aged with respect to young rats. This resulted in a considerably higher mortality of the former. The overall data indicate that the age issue is very important in experimental ischemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Canese
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Canese R, Podo F, Fortuna S, Lorenzini P, Michalek H. Transient global brain ischemia in the rat: spatial distribution, extension, and evolution of lesions evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. MAGMA 1997; 5:139-49. [PMID: 9268078 DOI: 10.1007/bf02592245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed model of transient global ischemia in the rat was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in terms of localization of brain lesions, their extent and severity, and temporal evolution. Such a model, consisting of bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries for 10 minutes and mild hypoxia (15% O2) for 20 minutes induces delayed neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and gliosis (detected histologically and immunohistochemically). Ischemia was assessed by full suppression of spontaneous electroencephalographic activity. A "hybrid" T2-/diffusion-weighted MR sequence enhancing more effectively the contrast between injured and intact tissues as compared to T2-weighted MRI was used at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and at 7 days postischemia. Twenty hypoxic-ischemic rats showed a considerable variability in brain damage. In 8, there were no MRI-detectable lesions at any interval. In the other 12 rats, the severity and extension of neuronal damage varied markedly, but the lesions were always localized (monolaterally in 8 and bilaterally in 4 rats) in the occipital, temporal, or parietal cerebral cortex. Mainly, they were of intermediate severity or were severe (as assessed by MRI hyperintensity) and were accompanied by usually less severe lesions in the thalamus and/or caudate putamen. The hippocampus was affected moderately or severely in 4 of 12 rats. In most cases, there was at 48 hours a considerable growth in severity and/or extension of lesions, which usually remained stable at later intervals. In conclusion, MRI allowed us to follow brain lesions during the first week in this relatively simple and noninvasive model of transient global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Canese
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Howe FA, Canese R, Podo F, Vikhoff B, Slotboom J, Griffiths JR, Henriksen O, Bovée WM. Quality assessment in in vivo NMR spectroscopy: V. Multicentre evaluation of prototype test objects and protocols for performance assessment in small bore MRS equipment. Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 13:159-67. [PMID: 7898275 DOI: 10.1016/0730-725x(94)00091-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of multicentre studies aimed at designing, constructing, and evaluating prototype test objects for performance assessment in small-bore MRS systems, by utilizing the test protocols already proposed by the EEC COMAC-BME Concerted Action for clinical MRS equipment. Three classes of test objects were considered: (1) a multicompartment test object for 31P MRS measurements performed with slice-selective sequences; (2) a two-compartment test object for volume-selection 1H MRS; and (3) two-compartment test objects for assessing the performance of experimental systems using ISIS as volume localization sequence in 31P MRS. The results suggested the interest of adopting some of these prototypes for improving the comparison of spectroscopy data obtained from different sites, for providing useful means of quality assurance in experimental MRS, and facilitating the validation of new localization sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Howe
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Abstract
Based on an international "Interlaboratory Comparison of Protocol Trials for In Vitro Studies by NMR," the EEC COMAC-BME concerted action on "Identification and Characterization of Biological Tissue by NMR" started collection of a data bank for in vitro relaxation time data of normal and pathological tissues. Relaxation time measurements were performed in a frequency range from 10-90 MHz and in a temperature range from 3 to 40 degrees C; data analysis was done using single exponential fitting routines. Specimens were taken from different organs or tissues (n = 19) of various species (n = 5) and both sexes. More than 900 relaxation time data from 12 participating groups were collected. However, for quantitative analysis we concentrated on liver tissue (287 entries). Main results are the high reproducibility of data from different centers, allowing quantification of temperature dependence of T1 and T2, respectively, in fresh mouse (3.9 and 0.41 msec/degrees C), rat (2.1 and 0.24 msec/degrees C), and hamster (2.6 and 0.22 msec/degrees C) liver. Further, a highly significant species difference between mouse and rat liver, not depending on water content, has been established. We discuss results quantitatively as well as consequences for in vitro protocols and future multicenter data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moser
- Arbeitsgruppe NMR, Institut für Medizinische Physik, Universität Wien, Austria
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