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Yadav A, Babu S, Krishnan P, Kaur B, Bana RS, Chakraborty D, Kumar V, Joshi B, Lal SK. Zinc oxide and ferric oxide nanoparticles combination increase plant growth, yield, and quality of soybean under semiarid region. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141432. [PMID: 38368965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) malnutrition are global health challenges that need immediate attention. Hence, to address these issues, a two-pronged approach involving the development and application of novel Zn and Fe products for crop fertilization may be a potential solution. Therefore, zinc oxide (ZnO) (∼13.2 nm) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) (∼15 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and characterized. Seven nutrients treatments viz, control, ZnO- NPs (25 mg kg-1), Fe2O3-NPs (25 mg kg-1), ZnO + Fe2O3-NPs (25 mg kg-1each), ZnSO4 (55.8 mg kg-1), FeSO4 (60.4 mg kg-1) and ZnSO4+ FeSO4 (55.8 and 60.4 mg kg-1) were arranged in five-time replicated Completely Randomized Design model to test the effectiveness of ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs in two soybean cultivars over conventional zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) fertilizers. The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content increased (33.9-86.2%) significantly at the flowering stage with ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs applications, compared to their conventional counterparts. Likewise, the combined application of ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs reduced H2O2 production by 17-19% and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities by 15-17% and 9.6-11.4% over the combined use of ZnSO4 and FeSO4, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed an increase of 6.9-44.2% under ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs, as well as ZnSO4 and FeSO4. Furthermore, the combined application of NPs enhanced soybean seed yield by 4.6-18.3% compared to conventional Zn and Fe fertilizers. Concerning seed Zn and Fe density, conjoint application of ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs increases Zn by 1.8-2.2-fold and Fe by 19.22-22.58% over the combined application of Zn SO4 and FeSO4, respectively. While the application of NPs significantly decreased seed phytic acid concentrations by 7.3-59.9% compared to the control. These findings suggest that the combined application of ZnO and Fe2O3 NPs effectively enhances soybean productivity, seed nutrient density, and overall produce quality. Therefore, the combined application of ZnO and Fe2O3 -NPs in soybean can be a potential approach for sustainable soybean production and to reduce/arrest Zn and Fe malnutrition in a growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achchhelal Yadav
- Divsion of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Subhash Babu
- Divsion of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - P Krishnan
- Divsion of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - R S Bana
- Divsion of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Divsion of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- ICAR- National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Bhawna Joshi
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - S K Lal
- Divsion of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Harish MN, Choudhary AK, Bhupenchandra I, Dass A, Rajanna GA, Singh VK, Bana RS, Varatharajan T, Verma P, George S, Kashinath GT, Bhavya M, Chongtham SK, Devi EL, Kumar S, Devi SH, Bhutia TL. Double zero-tillage and foliar-P nutrition coupled with bio-inoculants enhance physiological photosynthetic characteristics and resilience to nutritional and environmental stresses in maize-wheat rotation. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:959541. [PMID: 36186084 PMCID: PMC9520575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.959541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally tilled maize-wheat cropping system (MWCS) is an emerging cereal production system in semi-arid region of south-Asia. This system involves excessive tillage operations that result in numerous resource- and production-vulnerabilities besides impeding environmental-stresses. Likewise, phosphorus is a vital nutrient that limits crop growth and development. It's a matter of great concern when ∼80% of Indian soils are low to medium in available-P due to its sparing solubility, resulting in crop stress and low yields. Hence, crop productivity, photosynthetic parameters and resilience to nutritional and environmental stresses were assessed in a MWCS using four crop-establishment and tillage management (CETM) practices [FBCT-FBCT (Flat bed-conventional tillage both in maize and wheat); RBCT-RBZT (Raised bed-CT in maize and raised bed-zero tillage in wheat); FBZT-FBZT (FBZT both in maize and wheat); PRBZT-PRBZT (Permanent raised bed-ZT both in maize and wheat)], and five P-fertilization practices [P100 (100% soil applied-P); P50+2FSP (50% soil applied-P + 2 foliar-sprays of P through 2% DAP both in maize and wheat); P50+PSB+AM-fungi; P50+PSB+AMF+2FSP; and P0 (100% NK with no-P)] in split-plot design replicated-thrice. The results indicated that double zero-tilled PRBZT-PRBZT system significantly enhanced the grain yield (6.1; 5.4 t ha-1), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (41.68; 23.33 μ mol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (SC) (0.44; 0.26 mol H2O m-2 s-1), relative water content (RWC) (83.3; 77.8%), and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) (2.9; 2.36 g MJ-1) by 12.8-15.8 and 8.5-44.4% in maize and wheat crops, respectively over conventional tilled FBCT-FBCT. P50+PSB+AMF+2FSP conjugating soil applied-P, microbial-inoculants and foliar-P, had significantly higher Pn, SC, RUE and RWC over P100 besides saving ∼34.7% fertilizer-P under MWCS. P50+PSB+AMF+2FSP practice also had higher NDVI, PAR, transpiration efficiency and PHI over P100. Whereas lower stomatal limitation index (Ls) was observed under PRBZT-PRBZT system as compared to the conventional FBCT-FBCT system indicating that P is the limiting factor but not stomata. Hence, optimum P supply through foliar P-fertilization along with other sources resulted in higher grain yield by 21.4% over control. Overall, double zero-tilled PRBZT-PRBZT with crop residue retention at 6 t/ha per year, as well as P50+PSB+AMF+2FSP in MWCS, may prove beneficial in enhancing the crop productivity and, thereby, bolstering food security in semi-arid south-Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Harish
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Farm Science Centre, Gonikoppal, India
| | - Anil K. Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR–Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR–KVK, Tamenglong, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Manipur, India
| | - Anchal Dass
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. A. Rajanna
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR–Directorate of Groundnut Research, Regional Station, Anantapur, India
| | - Vinod K. Singh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR–Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India
| | - R. S. Bana
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T. Varatharajan
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Parkash Verma
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Agronomy Section, ICAR–National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Saju George
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Farm Science Centre, Gonikoppal, India
| | - G. T. Kashinath
- Department of Agronomy, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, India
| | - M. Bhavya
- Department of Agronomy, KSN University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, India
| | - S. K. Chongtham
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, CAEPHT, CAU, Ranipool, India
| | - E. Lamalakshmi Devi
- ICAR–Research Complex for North Eastern Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR–Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Soibam Helena Devi
- Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
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