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Gomes A, Narciso R, Regalado L, Pinheiro MC, Barros F, Sario S, Santos C, Mendes RJ. Disclosing the native blueberry rhizosphere community in Portugal-an integrated metagenomic and isolation approach. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15525. [PMID: 37397024 PMCID: PMC10312161 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgorund The production of red fruits, such as blueberry, has been threatened by several stressors from severe periods of drought, nutrient scarcity, phytopathogens, and costs with fertilization programs with adverse consequences. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase this crop's resilience whilst promoting sustainable agriculture. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) constitute not only a solution to tackle water and nutrient deficits in soils, but also as a control against phytopathogens and as green compounds for agricultural practices. Methods In this study, a metagenomic approach of the local fungal and bacterial community of the rhizosphere of Vaccinium corymbosum plants was performed. At the same time, both epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms were isolated in order to disclose putative beneficial native organisms. Results Results showed a high relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces and Serendipita genera in the ITS sequencing, and Bradyrhizobium genus in the 16S sequencing. Diversity analysis disclosed that the fungal community presented a higher inter-sample variability than the bacterial community, and beta-diversity analysis further corroborated this result. Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., and Mucor moelleri were isolated from the V. corymbosum plants. Discussion This work revealed a native microbial community capable of establishing mycorrhizal relationships, and with beneficial physiological traits for blueberry production. It was also possible to isolate several naturally-occurring microorganisms that are known to have plant growth-promoting activity and confer tolerance to hydric stress, a serious climate change threat. Future studies should be performed with these isolates to disclose their efficiency in conferring the needed resilience for this and several crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Gomes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Narciso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Regalado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Cardeano Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barros
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sario
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael J. Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Regalado L, Sario S, Mendes RJ, Valle J, Harvey PJ, Teixeira C, Gomes P, Andreu D, Santos C. Towards a Sustainable Management of the Spotted-Wing Drosophila: Disclosing the Effects of Two Spider Venom Peptides on Drosophila suzukii. Insects 2023; 14:533. [PMID: 37367349 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is a polyphagous pest that causes severe damage and economic losses to soft-skinned fruit production. Current control methods are dominated by inefficient cultural practices and broad-spectrum insecticides that, in addition to having toxic effects on non-target organisms, are becoming less effective due to acquired resistance. The increasing awareness of the real impact of insecticides on health and the environment has promoted the exploration of new insecticidal compounds, addressing novel molecular targets. This study explores the efficacy of two orally delivered spider venom peptides (SVPs), J-atracotoxin-Hv1c (Hv1c) and µ-theraphotoxin-Hhn2b (TRTX), to manage D. suzukii, through survival assays and the evaluation of gene expression associated with detoxification pathways. Treatment with TRTX at 111.5 µM for 48 h enhanced fly longevity compared with the control group. Gene expression analysis suggests that detoxification and stress-related mechanisms, such as expression of P450 proteins and apoptotic stimuli signaling, are triggered in D. suzukii flies in response to these treatments. Our results highlight the potential interest of SVPs to control this pest, shedding light on how to ultimately develop improved target-specific formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Regalado
- iB2, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sario
- iB2, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael J Mendes
- iB2, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conceição Santos
- iB2, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
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Mendes RJ, Amaro C, Luz JP, Tavares F, Santos C. Variability within a clonal population of Erwinia amylovora disclosed by phenotypic analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13695. [PMID: 35891645 PMCID: PMC9308965 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fire blight is a destructive disease of pome trees, caused by Erwinia amylovora, leading to high losses of chain-of-values fruits. Major outbreaks were registered between 2010 and 2017 in Portugal, and the first molecular epidemiological characterization of those isolates disclosed a clonal population with different levels of virulence and susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. Methods This work aimed to further disclose the genetic characterization and unveil the phenotypic diversity of this E. amylovora population, resorting to MLSA, growth kinetics, biochemical characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility. Results While MLSA further confirmed the genetic clonality of those isolates, several phenotypic differences were recorded regarding their growth, carbon sources preferences, and chemical susceptibility to several antibiotics, disclosing a heterogeneous population. Principal component analysis regarding the phenotypic traits allows to separate the strains Ea 630 and Ea 680 from the remaining. Discussion Regardless the genetic clonality of these E. amylovora strains isolated from fire blight outbreaks, the phenotypic characterization evidenced a population diversity beyond the genotype clonality inferred by MLSA and CRISPR, suggesting that distinct sources or environmental adaptations of this pathogen may have occurred. Conclusion Attending the characteristic clonality of E. amylovora species, the data gathered here emphasizes the importance of phenotypic assessment of E. amylovora isolates to better understand their epidemiological behavior, namely by improving source tracking, make risk assessment analysis, and determine strain-specific environmental adaptations, that might ultimately lead to prevent new outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Mendes
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal,CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Amaro
- QRural, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Luz
- QRural, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mendes RJ, Sario S, Luz JP, Tassi N, Teixeira C, Gomes P, Tavares F, Santos C. Evaluation of Three Antimicrobial Peptides Mixtures to Control the Phytopathogen Responsible for Fire Blight Disease. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122637. [PMID: 34961108 PMCID: PMC8705937 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight is a severe bacterial plant disease that affects important chain-of-value fruit trees such as pear and apple trees. This disease is caused by Erwinia amylovora, a quarantine phytopathogenic bacterium, which, although highly distributed worldwide, still lacks efficient control measures. The green revolution paradigm demands sustainable agriculture practices, for which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently caught much attention. The goal of this work was to disclose the bioactivity of three peptides mixtures (BP100:RW-BP100, BP100:CA-M, and RW-BP100:CA-M), against three strains of E. amylovora representing distinct genotypes and virulence (LMG 2024, Ea 630 and Ea 680). The three AMPs' mixtures were assayed at eight different equimolar concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 6 μM (1:1). Results showed MIC and MBC values between 2.5 and 4 μM for every AMP mixture and strain. Regarding cell viability, flow cytometry and alamarBlue reduction, showed high reduction (>25%) of viable cells after 30 min of AMP exposure, depending on the peptide mixture and strain assayed. Hypersensitive response in tobacco plants showed that the most efficient AMPs mixtures and concentrations caused low to no reaction of the plant. Altogether, the AMPs mixtures studied are better treatment solutions to control fire blight disease than the same AMPs applied individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Mendes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Sario
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Luz
- QRural, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6000-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - Natália Tassi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paula Gomes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agrário de Vairão, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (C.T.); (P.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Mariz-Ponte N, Mendes RJ, Sario S, Correia CV, Correia CM, Moutinho-Pereira J, Melo P, Dias MC, Santos C. Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Assessment of UV-A and UV-B Supplementation in Solanum lycopersicum. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10050918. [PMID: 34063679 PMCID: PMC8147646 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily UV-supplementation during the plant fruiting stage of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growing indoors may produce fruits with higher nutraceutical value and better acceptance by consumers. However, it is important to ensure that the plant's performance during this stage is not compromised by the UV supplement. We studied the impact of UV-A (1 and 4 h) and UV-B (2 and 5 min) on the photosynthesis of greenhouse-grown tomato plants during the fruiting/ripening stage. After 30 d of daily irradiation, UV-B and UV-A differently interfered with the photosynthesis. UV-B induced few leaf-necrotic spots, and effects are more evidenced in the stimulation of photosynthetic/protective pigments, meaning a structural effect at the Light-Harvesting Complex. UV-A stimulated flowering/fruiting, paralleled with no visible leaf damages, and the impact on photosynthesis was mostly related to functional changes, in a dose-dependent manner. Both UV-A doses decreased the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), the effective efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and gas exchange processes, including net carbon assimilation (PN). Transcripts related to Photosystem II (PSII) and RuBisCO were highly stimulated by UV supplementation (mostly UV-A), but the maintenance of the RuBisCO protein levels indicates that some protein is also degraded. Our data suggest that plants supplemented with UV-A activate adaptative mechanisms (including increased transcription of PSII peptides and RuBisCO), and any negative impacts on photosynthesis do not compromise the final carbohydrate balances and plant yield, thus becoming a profitable tool to improve precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael J. Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sario
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana V. Correia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.C.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.C.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Paula Melo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.J.M.); (S.S.); (C.V.C.); (P.M.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Mendes RJ, Luz JP, Santos C, Tavares F. CRISPR genotyping as complementary tool for epidemiological surveillance of Erwinia amylovora outbreaks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250280. [PMID: 33861806 PMCID: PMC8051791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire blight is a destructive plant disease caused by Erwinia amylovora affecting pome fruit trees, and responsible for large yield declines, long phytosanitary confinements, and high economic losses. In Portugal, the first major fire blight outbreaks occurred in 2010 and 2011, and although later considered eradicated, the emergence of other outbreaks in recent years stressed the need to characterize the E. amylovora populations associated with these outbreaks. In this regard, CRISPR genotyping, assessment of three virulence markers, and semi-quantitative virulence bioassays, were carried out to determine the genotype, and assess the virulence of thirty-six E. amylovora isolates associated with outbreaks occurring between 2010 and 2017 and affecting apple and pear orchards located in the country central-west, known as the main producing region of pome fruits in Portugal. The data gathered reveal that 35 E. amylovora isolates belong to one of the widely-distributed CRISPR genotypes (5-24-38 / D-a-α) regardless the host species, year and region. Ea 680 was the single isolate revealing a new CRISPR genotype due to a novel CR2 spacer located closer to the leader sequence and therefore thought to be recently acquired. Regarding pathogenicity, although dot-blot hybridization assays showed the presence of key virulence factors, namely hrpL (T3SS), hrpN (T3E) and amsG from the amylovoran biosynthesis operon in all E. amylovora isolates studied, pathogenicity bioassays on immature pear slices allowed to distinguish four virulence levels, with most of the isolates revealing an intermediate to severe virulence phenotype. Regardless the clonal population structure of the E. amylovora associated to the outbreaks occurring in Portugal between 2010 and 2017, the different virulence phenotypes, suggests that E. amylovora may have been introduced at different instances into the country. This is the first study regarding E. amylovora in Portugal, and it discloses a novel CRISPR genotype for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Mendes
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CIBIO–Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Luz
- QRural, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO–Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
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Mariz-Ponte N, Mendes RJ, Sario S, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Melo P, Santos C. Tomato plants use non-enzymatic antioxidant pathways to cope with moderate UV-A/B irradiation: A contribution to the use of UV-A/B in horticulture. J Plant Physiol 2018; 221:32-42. [PMID: 29223880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants developed receptors for solar UV-A/B radiation, which regulate a complex network of functions through the plant's life cycle. However, greenhouse grown crops, like tomato, are exposed to strongly reduced UV radiation, contrarily to their open-field counterparts. A new paradigm of modern horticulture is to supplement adequate levels of UV to greenhouse cultures, inducing a positive mild stress necessary to stimulate oxidative stress pathways and antioxidant mechanisms. Protected cultures of Solanum (cv MicroTom) were supplemented with moderate UV-A (1h and 4h) and UV-B (1min and 5min) doses during the flowering/fruiting period. After 30days, flowering/fruit ripening synchronization were enhanced, paralleled by the upregulation of blue/UV-A and UV-B receptors' genes cry1a and uvr8. UV-B caused moreover an increase in the expression of hy5, of HY5 repressor cop1 and of a repressor of COP1, uvr8. While all UV-A/B conditions increased SOD activity, increases of the generated H2O2, as well as lipid peroxidation and cell mebrane disruption, were minimal. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes downstream from SOD (CAT, APX, GPX) was not significant. These results suggest that the major antioxidant pathways involve phenylpropanoid compounds, which also have an important role in UV screening. This hypothesis was confirmed by the increase of phenolic compounds and by the upregulation of chs and fls, coding for CHS and FLS enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid synthesis. Overall, all doses of UV-A or UV-B were beneficial to flowering/fruiting but lower UV-A/B doses induced lower redox disorders and were more effective in the fruiting process/synchronization. Considering the benefits observed on flowering/fruiting, with minimal impacts in the vegetative part, we demonstrate that both UV-A/B could be used in protected tomato horticulture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mariz-Ponte
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Mendes
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Sario
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - J M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Melo
- Department of Biology & BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Santos
- Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Sampaio AC, Mendes RJ, Castro PG, Silva AM. Solid lipid nanoparticles affect microbial colonization and enzymatic activity throughout the decomposition of alder leaves in freshwater microcosms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 135:375-380. [PMID: 27776303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are used as carriers for drug delivery, and are high biocompatible and designed to endure in the host organism. Despite its current industrial production is low, many of these substances are available on the market, and much more are in the production pipeline. As a result, many of them will end in aquatic systems raising the question whether they can pose a risk to aquatic biota and the associated ecological processes. Microbial decomposers of plant litter, play a key role in forested streams being responsible for the energy flow between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we investigated the effects of SLNs on alder leaf litter decomposition by aquatic microbes. Alder leaves were immersed in a stream of Northeast Portugal to allow microbial colonization before being exposed in microcosms of two types of SLNs at two concentrations for 42 days. Results showed that rates of leaf decomposition decreased with exposure to SLNs. Bacterial biomass was not inhibited by SLNs, and cultivable fungi densities remained constant (SLN-A) or increased (SLN-C) compared with control microcosms. The type and concentration of SLNs influenced differently the leaf colonization by fungi as well as fungal sporulation rate. These effects were accompanied by changes in the community extraenzymatic profile: the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase, Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase (P cycle) and lipases increased in the SLNs microcosms. This study provided the first evidence of the adverse effects of the release of SLNs to streams on leaf litter decomposition. Those effects seem to depend on the composition and concentration of SLNs, as well on the microbial target group, or enzyme. Thus, prior to massive industrial production of these nanomaterials, some measures should be taken to avoid environmental impact affecting the microbial communities responsible for detritus decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Sampaio
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - R J Mendes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - P G Castro
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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