Association Between Functional Dyspepsia and Severity of Depression

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between functional dyspepsia and the severity of depression.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY

Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from September 2012 till January 2013.

METHODOLOGY

After taking informed written consent, patients with symptoms of dyspepsia fulfilling the Rome III criteria were included in the study. All patients were evaluated for depression, using Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done. Fischers' exact test and independent t-test were used for determining significance of association.

RESULTS

One hundred and one patients with mean age of 35.81 (±14.81) years and male to female ratio of 1.41:1 (54/47) were included. Predominant symptoms were early satiety (72.3%), epigastric pain (65.3%), bloating (49.5%), postprandial fullness (40.6%), and regurgitation (40.6%). Alarm symptoms were positive in 44 (43.6%) patients. Dyspepsia were classified as epigastric pain syndrome (EPS, 69.3%), and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS, 30.7%). Significantly more females had PDS (p=0.04), with positive endoscopic findings in EPS (p=0.03). Positive endoscopic findings noted were esophagitis in 21.8%, and gastritis in 48.5% patients. All patients except one had depression, mild in 22.8%, moderate in 33.7%, severe in 31.7%, and very severe in 10.9% patients. Severe depression was seen in 32 (45.7%) patients with EPS and PDS; whereas very severe depression was in 11 (15.7%) patients of EPS, while 11 (35.4%) patients of PDS had severe depression but the difference was not significant.

CONCLUSION

Functional dyspepsia is associated with depression, while positive endoscopic findings are more likely in patients with EPS. Very severe depression was only seen with epigastric pain syndrome.