Induced reproduction of yellow-tailed lambari (Astyanax lacustris) with Ovopel® and buserelin acetate as alternatives to the protocol with carp pituitary extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate reproductive traits in adults of Astyanax lacustris subjected to different spawning inducers. The study involved 240 females (12.54 g ± 2.33 and 7.66 cm ± 0.63 cm) and 240 males (5.83 g ± 0.39 g and 6.14 cm ± 0.64 cm), all at reproductive age. Three different inducers were evaluated: (i) 0.4 pellets of Ovopel®/kg of body weight; (ii) 0.5 ml of buserelin acetate/kg of body weight; and (iii) carp pituitary extract (CPE) (5.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for females and 2.5 mg CPE/kg body weight for males), as well as saline solution (without hormone). The degree-hours for spawning were greater (P<0.05) for the Ovopel® treatment (with 204.93) than in the treatment with CPE (183.2). Ovary weight and gonadosomatic index were higher (P<0.05) in CPE and Ovopel® treatments when compared to buserelin acetate. The number of oocytes per female, absolute and relative fecundity were greater (P<0.05) for Ovopel® and CPE treatments. Fertilization rate was higher (P<0.05) in treatment with buserelin acetate (82.3%) in relation to Ovopel® (72.33%) and CPE (62.40%) treatments, and the highest (P<0.05) hatching rates were achieved with buserelin acetate and Ovopel®. The number of larvae per female body weight was greater (P<0.05) when Ovopel® was used. In conclusion, Ovopel® proves to be a more effective reproductive inducer for induced reproduction of A. lacustris when compared to CPE and buserelin acetate.

IMPLICAÇÕES DE EXTRATO DE Erythrina crista-galli COMO ANSIOLÍTICO PARA Carassius auratus

Resumo A fitoterapia vem sendo utilizada em criação de peixes a fim de promover estabilidade no ambiente de cultivo e na profilaxia de doenças, contribuindo para a melhoria do bem-estar animal. Dentre os fitoterápicos, Erythrina crista-galli tem efeito sedativo e atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana, além de funcionar como calmante natural. Na ausência de formulações para uso em peixes cultivados, surgem protocolos terapêuticos repletos de incertezas quanto à sua eficácia, ao impacto ambiental e ao perfil hematológico dos peixes. No ensaio de tolerância aguda da Erythrina crista-galli, foram utilizados exemplares de Carassius auratus, expostos às concentrações de controle (zero), 50, 100 e 200 mgL-1, com três repetições, por 96 horas. Foi observada a sobrevivência de 100% em todos os tratamentos. Estes resultados revelam que o extrato de Erythrina crista-galli não apresenta toxicidade para peixes. O balanço eletrolítico plasmático não apresentou mudanças. A utilização de até 100 mgL-1 não promoveu mudanças na trocas gasosas. O pH e a concentração de bicarbonato e glicose foram crescentes até a concentração de 100 mgL-1. Conclui-se que a utilização de Erythrina crista-galli para exposição aguda de Carassius auratus não promove mortalidade, mas provoca alterações indesejáveis nos parâmetros fisiológicos sanguíneos quando utilizadas doses acima de 100 mgL-1.

Randomized prospective study of local transdermic anesthetic in fine needle aspiration biopsy for breast lumps

AIM

To evaluate the use of local transdermic anesthetics in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in breast lesions.

METHODS

Prospective randomized study of 119 patients having breast lesions, all being indicated for FNAB. The patients were divided into three groups: 40 patients entered in the active group (lidocaine + prilocaine); 40 patients underwent the placebo group (aqueous extract of Triticum vulgaris); and a control group of 39 women in whom FNAB was performed without the administration of any substance. Both the anesthetic and placebo were administered an hour before FNAB. Pain was quantified through a visual analogic scale of pain. The type of pain was also classified in terms of occurrence: only during the puncture, only during the movements and both.

RESULTS

The visual linear analogic scale of pain showed an average of 3.3 in the active group, 3.5 in the placebo and 4.0 in the control group (NS). Analysis of the type of pain which was referred by the patient showed that 15% of the patients in the active group, 12.5% of those in the placebo group and 5.1% in the control group did not refer to any sensation of pain. Pain, when felt, was similar in all three groups (p < 0.4).

CONCLUSIONS

Both the quantification and the type of pain referred to were similar in all three groups. However, there was a tendency of the patient to refer to less pain when the active substance or the placebo were used, when results were compared to the control group.