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Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme type 3 deiodinase (D3) is induced during hypertrophic and ischemic cardiomyopathy, leading to a state of local cardiac hypothyroidism. Whether D3 induction occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown. METHODS This study characterized changes in cardiac D3 and thyroid hormone signaling in a transgenic model of progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (TG9 mice). RESULTS Cardiac D3 was dramatically induced 15-fold during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in TG9 mice. This D3 induction localized to cardiomyocytes and was associated with a decrease in myocardial thyroid hormone signaling. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac D3 is induced in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, indicating that D3 induction may be a general response to diverse forms of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J. Wassner
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca H. Jugo
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M. Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A. Maynard
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann M. Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen A. Huang
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Castroneves LA, Jugo RH, Maynard MA, Lee JS, Wassner AJ, Dorfman D, Bronson RT, Ukomadu C, Agoston AT, Ding L, Luongo C, Guo C, Song H, Demchev V, Lee NY, Feldman HA, Vella KR, Peake RW, Hartigan C, Kellogg MD, Desai A, Salvatore D, Dentice M, Huang SA. Mice with hepatocyte-specific deficiency of type 3 deiodinase have intact liver regeneration and accelerated recovery from nonthyroidal illness after toxin-induced hepatonecrosis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4061-8. [PMID: 25004090 PMCID: PMC4164928 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 3 deiodinase (D3), the physiologic inactivator of thyroid hormones, is induced during tissue injury and regeneration. This has led to the hypotheses that D3 impacts injury tolerance by reducing local T3 signaling and contributes to the fall in serum triiodothyronine (T3) observed in up to 75% of sick patients (termed the low T3 syndrome). Here we show that a novel mutant mouse with hepatocyte-specific D3 deficiency has normal local responses to toxin-induced hepatonecrosis, including normal degrees of tissue necrosis and intact regeneration, but accelerated systemic recovery from illness-induced hypothyroxinemia and hypotriiodothyroninemia, demonstrating that peripheral D3 expression is a key modulator of the low T3 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Castroneves
- Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology (L.A.C., R.H.J., M.A.M., J.S.L., A.J.W., C.C.G., H.D.S., N.Y.L., S.A.H.), Clinical Research Center (H.A.F), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (R.W.P., C.H., M.D.K), Boston Children's Hospital; Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (S.A.H.), Department of Pathology (D.D., A.T.A.), and Division of Gastroenterology (C.U., V.D., A.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Neurodiscovery Center (L.D.); Dana Farber Cancer Institute (R.T. B., S.A.H.); Division of Endocrinology (K.R.V.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (C.L., D.S., M.D.), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Guo C, Chen X, Song H, Maynard MA, Zhou Y, Lobanov AV, Gladyshev VN, Ganis JJ, Wiley D, Jugo RH, Lee NY, Castroneves LA, Zon LI, Scanlan TS, Feldman HA, Huang SA. Intrinsic expression of a multiexon type 3 deiodinase gene controls zebrafish embryo size. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4069-80. [PMID: 25004091 PMCID: PMC4164935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a master regulator of differentiation and growth, and its action is terminated by the enzymatic removal of an inner-ring iodine catalyzed by the selenoenzyme type 3 deiodinase (dio3). Our studies of the zebrafish reveal that the dio3 gene is duplicated in this species and that embryonic deiodination is an important determinant of embryo size. Although both dio3 paralogs encode enzymatically active proteins with high affinity for thyroid hormones, their anatomic patterns of expression are markedly divergent and only embryos with knockdown of dio3b, a biallelically expressed selenoenzyme expressed in the developing central nervous system, manifest severe thyroid hormone-dependent growth restriction at 72 hours post fertilization. This indicates that the embryonic deficiency of dio3, once considered only a placental enzyme, causes microsomia independently of placental physiology and raises the intriguing possibility that fetal abnormalities in human deiodination may present as intrauterine growth retardation. By mapping the gene structures and enzymatic properties of all four zebrafish deiodinases, we also identify dio3b as the first multiexon dio3 gene, containing a large intron separating its open reading frame from its selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics (C.G., X.C., H.S.), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China; Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology (C.G., X.C., H.S., M.A.M., R.H.J., N.Y.L., L.A.C., S.A.H.) and Clinical Research Center (H.A.F.), Boston Children's Hospital; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology (Y.Z., J.J.G., D.W., L.I.Z.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Medicine (A.V.L., V.N.G., S.A.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana Farber Cancer Institute (V.N.G., L.I.Z., S.A.H.), Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (T.S.S.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Maynard MA, Marino-Enriquez A, Fletcher JA, Dorfman DM, Raut CP, Yassa L, Guo C, Wang Y, Dorfman C, Feldman HA, Frates MC, Song H, Jugo RH, Taguchi T, Hershman JM, Larsen PR, Huang SA. Thyroid hormone inactivation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1327-34. [PMID: 24693892 PMCID: PMC4186889 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1308893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are resistant to traditional chemotherapy but are responsive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and sunitinib. The use of these agents has improved the outcome for patients but is associated with adverse effects, including hypothyroidism. Multiple mechanisms of this effect have been proposed, including decreased iodine organification and glandular capillary regression. Here we report the finding of consumptive hypothyroidism caused by marked overexpression of the thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) within the tumor. Affected patients warrant increased monitoring and may require supernormal thyroid hormone supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Maynard
- From the Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology (M.A.M., C.G., C.D., H.S., R.H.J., S.A.H.) and the Clinical Research Center (H.A.F.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Departments of Pathology (A.M.-E., J.A.F., D.M.D., Y.W.), Surgery (C.P.R.), and Radiology (M.C.F.), and the Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (L.Y., P.R.L., S.A.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J.A.F., C.P.R., P.R.L., S.A.H.) - all in Boston; the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan (T.T.); and the Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (J.M.H.)
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