Monitoring pond water quality to improve the production of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in Bannu Fish Hatchery of Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; An Implications for artificial fish culture

Abstract The water quality parameters of a fish pond are essential to be managing properly under control for successful operations of fish culture. Improper management of pond water quality during the juvenile stages can create stressful conditions to produce various harmful diseases, which may decrease the fish quality and results in low profits. The present study was aimed to monitored important water quality parameters of nursery ponds of Labeo rohita culturing in Bannu fish hatchery. The study duration was 75 days extends from 10th June to 24th August 2019 for the successful culture of this specie which can play a significant role in breeding season. Furthermore, the concentration of some heavy metals like copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in pond water and fry stages of this species was also determined. The data obtained from all water quality parameters were analyzed expressed as range, mean and standard deviation using MS Excel 2013. The obtained results of 75 days study revealed that the water pH & temperature, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total dissolved oxygen (DO) of pond water samples were found within a tolerable limit except salinity and dissolved ammonia concentration were not permissible for fish growth. The average concentration of heavy metals in pond water exhibited descending order Fe>Ni>Mn>Zn>Cd>Ni, which was found in acceptable ranges. Whereas, the average values of heavy metals in fry stages were in the order of Zn>Fe>Ni>Cu>Cd>Mn, and found within the recommended values of WHO/FAO. Thus, it was concluded from this study that good water quality is a precondition, maintaining balanced levels of water quality parameters is fundamental for both the health and growth of fish culture which is quite necessary for assuring increased fish productivity. It is recommended to monitor and assess water quality parameters on a routine basis for promoting healthy fish culture.

Artisanal fishers in small island developing states and their perception of environmental change: the case study of Mauritius

Small island developing states (SIDS) are highly dependent on coastal marine resources. Artisanal fishers in SIDS currently face multiple stressors related to global environmental change. Considering Mauritius (South Western Indian Ocean) as a case study, this paper characterizes artisanal fishers in SIDS and assesses their perception of global change using the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) approach. A semi-structured survey method was used to interview 247 fishers from all around the country. Artisanal fishers used multiple fishing areas and gears, with half of the fishers using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). Six main groups of fishers were identified according to their fishing strategies, which reflected different target species in their reported catches. The majority of fishers reported lower fish abundances and fewer species now compared to 10 to 15 years ago. All groups of fishers observed environmental change over the same period. Such ecological knowledge highlights the exposure of fishers to stressors induced by environmental change. The characterization of the groups of fishers and their fishing strategies will be useful to better evaluate adaptation strategies and support management measures to face global environmental change.

Graphical Abstract

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-022-09735-6.

WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies

[Figure: see text].

AB0244 BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY COMPOSITIONS CORRELATES WITH CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background:

Risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had been reported in overweight obese compared with normal weight people. More, obesity is associated with high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in RA. No previous publications have examined the detailed body composition parameters among RA, or its relation to CVD in RA.

Objectives:

This study looked at the body composition and the body mass index and correlated it with the subclinical cardiovascular disease as manifested by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT).

Methods:

During 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out to recruit cases that met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR criteria for diagnosis of RA. All the patients were free of cardiovascular and or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with clinical diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, dyslipidemia, thyroid disorder and pregnant female were excluded. None of the participants is smoker or had history of smoking.

cMIT ultrasound (US) measures were obtained using a real-time US scanner equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear probe by a single sonographer. Patients underwent a detailed body composition analysis within the same week of the cIMT measurement. The body composition analysis involved assessing the level of total body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, intra- and extracellular water, basal metabolic rate, waist hip ratio, visceral fat level, obesity degree, bone mineral content, body cell mass, arm and arm muscle circumference, detailed muscle fat analysis, obesity analysis, segmental lean analysis, weight control parameters, and segmental fat analysis.

Results:

During 2019, 35 female RA patients were recruited that met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) of the age was 52 (10) with a minimum of 20 and maximum of 72 years old. The mean (SD) of cIMT was 0.59 (0.098) mm with a minimum of 0 .38 and maximum of 0.87. The mean (SD) of the BMI was 30.7 (7.0) with a minimum of 20 and maximum of 56.9 Kg/m2. Mean systolic blood pressure was 126 (19) with a minimum of 91 and maximum of 140 mmHg. Also, the mean diastolic blood pressure was mmHg 74 (11) with a minimum of 49 and maximum of 96.

The correlation of cIMT with the parameters of the body composition in a linear regression analysis showed a positive linear relationship between cIMT and each of the Body fat mass (kg): P=0.045, CI 0.000-0.004), BMI (p=0.029, CI: 0.001, 0 .009), the target weight (p=0.040, CI: 0.000- 0.001), extracellular water (P=0.033, CI: 0.002, 0.034) and bone mineral content (p=0.031, CI: 0.009, 0.192).

The Multiple linear regression analysis showed persistence of the relationship between the cIMT and the age of the participants (p=0.049, CI:0.001-0.007) and the BMI (p=0.031, CI: 0.002- 0.032), with R2of the model was 0.38.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the detailed body composition parameters among RA and found a good correlation with subclinical cardiovascular disease as manifested by cIMT. More research with larger study population is needed to look at the association between body mass index and CVD risk factor in RA.

References:

[1]Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Qin B, Yang M, Fu H, Ma N, Wei T, Tang Q, Hu Z, Liang Y, Yang Z, Zhong R. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015; 17(1): 86. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0601-x

[2]Body Mass Index and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Feng X, Xu X, Shi Y, Liu X, Liu H, Hou H, Ji L, Li Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Li D. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 3579081. doi: 10.1155/2019/3579081

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Experimental photodynamic therapy with a copper metal vapor laser in colorectal cancer

In an attempt to define the best conditions for an adjunctive treatment of residual colonic microtumors by photodynamic therapy (PDT), an experimental model has been defined. S.c. HT29 colonic-cancer-cell tumors grown in nude mice were used and, 48 hr after i.p. administration of 30 mg/kg Photofrin (PH), laser illumination was performed with 75 or 150 Joules/cm2. The efficiencies of 2 lasers, the classically used rhodamine laser (RL) and a copper metal vapor laser (CMVL), were compared. The effects of PDT were assessed by histological and immunocytochemical (detection of a digestive enzyme, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, as a marker of cell viability) follow-up and by the growth curve of the tumors after illumination. We conclude that, although the depth of necrosis resulting from PDT was nearly 3 mm at 75 J/cm2 and nearly 4-5 mm at 150 J/cm2 with both lasers, complete necrosis was obtained only with the CMVL at 150 J/cm2 (in 50% of the tumors). Under the other conditions, a layer of unaffected cells persisted at the pole opposite to laser illumination, resulting in growth curves lower than but parallel to those of the controls. Analysis of drug concentrations in the tumors and various organs, 48 hr after injection, i.e., at the time of laser illumination, revealed the presence of 21 micrograms/g dry weight PH in the tumors. The tumor vs. host-organ ratios were equal to or higher than 1 for the small bowel, colon, stomach, lung, skin and muscle. In contrast, the ratios were below 1 for the spleen, pancreas, kidney and liver.

[Photodynamic therapy in oncological digestive tract surgery]

Photodynamic therapy is a useful new antitumoral treatment, since it is relatively selective and noniatrogenic. The photosensitizers become preferentially localized in the tumoral tissue, where their excitation by light causes the production of free cytotoxic radicals. If haematoporphyrin derivatives are the most widely used photosensitizers, numerous molecules are being tested. Now used as a palliative photodynamic therapy could logically be used as adjuvant treatment in curative surgical excision. The practical utility of peroperative photodynamic therapy in gastroenterological surgery is being evaluated experimentally and clinically.

Comparative study of the effects of argon and neodymium YAG laser beams on the normal fundic wall in the beagle dog

A study was performed to compare the lesions induced by argon and neodymium YAG laser beams in the normal fundic wall of the same beagle dogs and to follow their healing over a 21-day period. The total energy per application was 21 joules for the argon laser and 53 joules for the neodymium YAG laser. Both laser beams were emitted from the same distance, directed at right angles to the tissue surface, and with the same flow rate of coaxial gas. Thirty-nine shots were performed with each type of laser. Differences between the two lasers were observed in the appearance of the impacts, the volume of tissue affected, and the rate of healing, but all the lesions healed without any perforation. The differences observed were probably due to differences between the two lasers in the radial distribution of luminous energy and its absorption and transformation within the tissue into heat. It was concluded, however, that under the experimental conditions chosen, both kinds of laser could be used to penetrate the mucosal and submucosal tissue without risk of damage either to the longitudinal or to the serosal layers of the fundic wall.

[Endoscopic treatment of oesophageal sténosis using Celestin prosthesis (author's transl)]

The Celestin pulsion tube introduced by endoscopy seems to constitute a satisfactory method of dealing with oesophageal strictures, both malignant and benign. The site and histology of the tumour, as well as the diameter of the remaining lumen are determined by an initial endoscopic examination. The Eder-Puestow guide wire, essential to safe dilatation and intubation, may be introduced in various ways depending upon the size, length and nature of the stenosis: it may be threaded through the lumen with a fiberoscope under radiological control, or after drilling with laser. Subsequent dilatation may be carried out with olive-shaped metal dialtors, stepped plastic dilators of laminaria, depending upon the degree of fibrosis and the risks of fissuration. A final diameter of 17 mm is advisable. The pulsion tube, with its soft anti-migration skirt, is positioned using an introducer mounted on a semi-rigid mandrin or sliding over a fiberoscope. Its position must be checked at three-monthly intervals. The authors have used this method in 115 patients, 24 of whom had benign lesions and 91 malignant lesions. Among the latter, 23 had been irradiated, 7 were post-anatomotic and 61 had never been treated. There were 5 cases of mediatinitis and one of haemorrhage. Eleven tight strictures, wich had resisted dilatation with metal olive yieled laminaria. The longest follow-ups are of 19 months for malignant stenose and 40 months for benign stenoses. The main indications are malignant stenoses, irrespective of whether they have been irradiated or not, and peptic stenoses in inopereable patients. The procedure restores normal oral feeding, thereby avoiding the need for gastrostomy or jejunostomy.