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Encarnação T, Nicolau N, Ramos P, Silvestre E, Mateus A, de Carvalho TA, Gaspar F, Massano A, Biscaia S, Castro RAE, Nogueira BA, Singh P, Pacheco D, Patrício T, Fausto R, Sobral AJFN. Recycling Ophthalmic Lens Wastewater in a Circular Economy Context: A Case Study with Microalgae Integration. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:75. [PMID: 38203929 PMCID: PMC10779472 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution poses a global threat to ecosystems and human health and is driven by the presence of various contaminants in wastewater, including nano- and microplastics. Despite the magnitude of this problem, the majority of global wastewater is released untreated into water bodies. To combat this issue, a multi-strategy approach is needed. This study explores a circular economy-based solution for treating emerging pollutants, particularly wastewater from ophthalmic spectacle lens production. Our approach integrates solid waste materials into polymeric and cement matrices while also utilising wastewater for microalgae cultivation. This innovative strategy focuses on biomass generation and economic valorisation. By adopting a circular economy model, we aim to transform environmental pollutants from wastewater into valuable organic products. A key component of our approach is the utilisation of microalgae, specifically Nannochloropsis sp., known for its high lipid content and resilience. This microalgae species serves as a promising biobased feedstock, supporting the production of innovative biobased products, such as biopolymers, for ophthalmic lens manufacturing. Our interdisciplinary approach combines microalgae technology, analytical chemistry, cement production, and polymer processing to develop a sustainable circular economy model that not only addresses environmental concerns, but also offers economic benefits. This study underscores the potential of harnessing high-value products from waste streams and underscores the importance of circular economy principles in tackling pollution and resource challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Encarnação
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Nadia Nicolau
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pedro Ramos
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
- Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Elsa Silvestre
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
- Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcobaça, Portugal
| | - Artur Mateus
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomás Archer de Carvalho
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Florindo Gaspar
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Anabela Massano
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Sara Biscaia
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
| | - Bernardo A. Nogueira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
| | - Poonam Singh
- PTScience, Avenida do Atlântico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Nações, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.N.); (P.R.); (E.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tatiana Patrício
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal; (A.M.); (T.A.d.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Rui Fausto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Physics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirköy, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Abílio J. F. N. Sobral
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.E.C.); (B.A.N.); (D.P.); (R.F.); (A.J.F.N.S.)
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Simões A, Castro RAE, Veiga F, Vitorino C. A quality by design framework for developing nanocrystal bioenabling formulations. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123393. [PMID: 37717717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to outline a rational framework for the design and development of a 1.0% (w/v) hydrocortisone nanocrystal-based formulation, resorting to a simple, efficient, and scalable nanonization methodology, based on the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. Accordingly, the innovative product was comprehensively optimized following a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. The thorough selection of formulation composition was driven by a dual purpose: improving skin permeation and stability. In the early stage of development, a Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) diagram was employed to identify the most impactful variables for the critical quality attributes (CQAs). In this sense, a rotatable, three-factor and five-level circumscribed central composite design (CCCD) was applied to investigate how squalene concentration (x1), soluplus concentration (x2) and HPH-time (x3) influence physicochemical properties, performance and physical stability of the formulation. A robust Design Space (DS) was defined, establishing the optimal settings for the critical variables, whose combination meets the requirements set in the quality target product profile (QTPP). Morphological analysis revealed the cuboidal shape of hydrocortisone nanocrystals. In what concerns colloidal properties, the most promising formulation disclosed a small particle size (Dx(50) = 311.8 ± 1.5 nm), along with narrow size distribution (span value = 1.91 ± 0.17). Zeta potential results (-2.19 ± 0.15 mV--12.1 ± 0.4 mV) suggested a steric hindrance stabilization. FTIR spectra showed no chemical interactions between drug and formulation components. XRD diffractograms confirmed loss of crystallinity during the downsizing process. In vitro studies revealed an improvement on drug release rate (316 ± 21-516 ± 35 μg/cm2/√t), compared to the coarse suspension and commercial products, and a straight dependence on the stabilizer concentration and HPH time. The permeation flux across the skin (0.16 ± 0.02-1.2 ± 0.5 μg/cm2/h) appeared to be dependent on the drug physicochemical properties, in particular saturation solubility. Further characterization of the experimental formulations pointed out the role of the stabilizing component to prevent against physical instability phenomena. This organic solvent-free, and therefore "green" nanocrystal production technology offers great potential for pharmaceutical R&D and drug delivery by enabling the development of new forms of conventional drugs with optimal physicochemical properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Ekawa B, Diogo HP, Castro RAE, Caires FJ, Eusébio MES. Coamorphous Systems of Valsartan: Thermal Analysis Contribution to Evaluate Intermolecular Interactions Effects on the Structural Relaxation. Molecules 2023; 28:6240. [PMID: 37687071 PMCID: PMC10488875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coamorphous formation in binary systems of valsartan (Val) with 4,4'-bipyridine (Bipy) and trimethoprim (Tri) was investigated for mixtures with a mole fraction of 0.16~0.86 of valsartan and evaluated in terms of the glass transition temperature. The glass transition of the systems had a behavior outside the values predicted by the Gordon-Taylor equation, showing that Val-Bipy (hydrogen bonding between the components) had a lower deviation and Val-Tri (ionic bonding between the components) had a higher deviation. Mixtures of compositions 2:1 Val-Bipy and 1:1 Val-Tri were selected for further investigation and verified to be stable, as no crystallization was observed during subsequent heating and cooling programs. For these systems, the effective activation energy during glass transition was evaluated. Compared to pure valsartan, the system with the lower glass transition temperature (Val-Bipy) presented the highest effective activation energy, and the system with the higher glass transition temperature (Val-Tri) presented a lower effective activation energy. The results presented a good correlation between the data obtained from two different techniques to determine the fragility and effective activation energy: non-isothermal kinetic analysis by DSC and TSDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ekawa
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil;
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Hermínio P. Diogo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Flávio J. Caires
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - M. Ermelinda S. Eusébio
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Ferreira PO, de Almeida AC, Costa GDP, Torquetti C, Baptista JA, Eusébio MES, Caires FJ, Castro RAE. Norfloxacin Cocrystals: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Scale-up Viability Through Solubility Studies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2230-2239. [PMID: 36921800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals are recognized as one of the most efficient approaches to improve aqueous solubility of Biopharmaceutical Classification System, BCS, classes II and IV drugs. Cocrystal discovery and the establishment of experimental conditions suitable for scale-up purposes are some of the main challenges in cocrystal investigation. In this work, the investigation of mechanochemical synthesis of norfloxacin cocrystals with picolinic and isonicotinic acids is performed, leading to the discovery of two new cocrystals of this important BCS class IV antibiotic, which were characterized through thermal, spectral and diffractometric analysis. Norfloxacin apparent aqueous solubility using the cocrystals is also presented, with higher values being obtained for all the investigated systems when compared to the pure drug. Norfloxacin has 3 polymorphs and several solvents/hydrates, which represents a challenge for obtaining pure cocrystal forms from solvent crystallization. This challenge was successfully overcome in this work, as experimental conditions to obtain the pure cocrystals (the new ones and also norfloxacin-nicotinic acid and norfloxacin-saccharin) were established using Crystal16 equipment. This is a crucial step to envisage future scale-up procedures and therefore a valuable information for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Torquetti
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil
| | - João A Baptista
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Flavio J Caires
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Santos JAV, Baptista JA, Santos IC, Maria TMR, Canotilho J, Castro RAE, Eusébio MES. Pharmaceutical nanococrystal synthesis: a novel grinding approach. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanococrystals – a new green in situ surfactant-assisted mechanochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês C. Santos
- CQC, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Canotilho
- CQC, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- CQC, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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Maria TMR, Rosado MTS, Oliveira MF, Bebiano SS, Castro RAE, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Ramos Silva M, Canotilho J, Eusébio MES. Polymorphism of 1,3-cyclohexanediols: molecular structure and plastic crystal formation of cyclohexanediol isomers. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different plastic crystal formation abilities of cyclohexanediol isomers interpreted with Hirshfeld surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków
- Poland
| | | | - João Canotilho
- CQC
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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Abstract
A new polymorph of metoprolol base, form II, was identified and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. A new salt of metoprolol and nicotinic acid was also obtained and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariani A. Ciciliati
- Departamento de Quimica e Fisica Molecular
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo
- Sao Carlos-SP
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Éder T. G. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Quimica e Fisica Molecular
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo
- Sao Carlos-SP
- Brazil
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Ito VC, Schnitzler E, Demiate IM, Eusébio MES, Lacerda LG, Castro RAE. Physicochemical, Thermal, Crystallographic, and Morphological Properties of Biodynamic Black Rice Starch, and of Residual Fractions From Aqueous Extraction. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C. Ito
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748 Uvaranas Campus CEP 84.030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | - Egon Schnitzler
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748 Uvaranas Campus CEP 84.030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | - Ivo Mottin Demiate
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748 Uvaranas Campus CEP 84.030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo Lacerda
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748 Uvaranas Campus CEP 84.030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- CQC, Chemistry Department University of Coimbra; R. Larga, CEP 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra; R. Azinhaga de Santa Comba CEP 3000-548, Coimbra Portugal
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Kumar S, Wani MY, Arranja CT, Castro RAE, Paixão JA, Sobral AJFN. Synthesis, physicochemical and optical properties of bis-thiosemicarbazone functionalized graphene oxide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 188:183-188. [PMID: 28710993 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials are important for low-cost opto-electronic and biomedical sensor devices. In this study we present the synthesis and characterization of graphene modified with bis-thiosemicarbazone (BTS). This new material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Further evaluation by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) allowed us to fully characterize the morphology of the fabricated material. The average height of the BTSGO sheet is around 10nm. Optical properties of BTSGO evaluated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy showed red shift at different excitation wavelength compared to graphene oxide or bisthiosemicarbazide alone. These results strongly suggest that BTSGO material could find potential applications in graphene based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mohmmad Y Wani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia T Arranja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- CEF, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P-3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A Paixão
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abilio J F N Sobral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Évora AOL, Castro RAE, Maria TMR, Silva MR, ter Horst JH, Canotilho J, Eusébio MES. Co-crystals of diflunisal and isomeric pyridinecarboxamides – a thermodynamics and crystal engineering contribution. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Knaapila M, Fonseca SM, Stewart B, Torkkeli M, Perlich J, Pradhan S, Scherf U, Castro RAE, Burrows HD. Nanostructuring of the conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene] in liquid crystalline C12E4 in bulk water and aligned thin films. Soft Matter 2014; 10:3103-3111. [PMID: 24695747 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the conjugated polyelectrolyte 12 mM poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl) fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene] (PBS-PF2T) mixed in concentrated aqueous 680 mM tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E4) in bulk and thin films. A blue-shift in the fluorescence spectrum demonstrates breakup of PBS-PF2T aggregates in bulk aqueous C12E4. Small-angle X-ray scattering data indicate that this mixture follows a very similar phase behaviour to binary mixtures of a pure surfactant with water, including a micellar phase below about 20 °C, a lamellar phase in between about 20 and 70 °C and a proposed coexistence of water and the liquid surfactant solution above 70 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations reproduce these transitions and suggest that PBS-PF2T is incorporated into the surfactant headgroup region, and is, on average, perpendicular to the alkyl chains. In wet thin films, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the phase window for the lamellar phase becomes much narrower, located at about 30-34 °C. Weakly ordered phases exist both below and above these temperatures. These phases are isotropic, but lamellae become aligned in a stacked manner on the surface whether approached from low or high temperatures. Dry films are disordered but can be reversibly ordered and disordered and aligned and misaligned by maintaining the temperature at 30-34 °C and switching relative outside humidity between 32% and 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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Rosado MTS, Maria TMR, Castro RAE, Canotilho J, Silva MR, Eusébio MES. Molecular structure and polymorphism of a cyclohexanediol: trans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent intrans-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol stabilizes equatorial conformations, whose two polymorphs were found and characterized by DSC, FTIR, and XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário T. S. Rosado
- CQC
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra, Rua Larga
- 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. R. Maria
- CQC
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra, Rua Larga
- 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Canotilho
- CEF
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Coimbra
- P-3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ramos Silva
- CEMDRX
- Department of Physics
- University of Coimbra
- P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pereira RFP, Valente AJM, Burrows HD, de Zea Bermudez V, Carvalho RA, Castro RAE. Structural characterization of solid trivalent metal dodecyl sulfates: from aqueous solution to lamellar superstructures. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Évora AOL, Castro RAE, Maria TMR, Rosado MTS, Silva MR, Canotilho J, Eusébio MES. Resolved structures of two picolinamide polymorphs. Investigation of the dimorphic system behaviour under conditions relevant to co-crystal synthesis. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tapia MJ, Monteserín M, Burrows HD, Seixas de Melo JS, Pina J, Castro RAE, García S, Estelrich J. β-Phase Formation of Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Induced by Liposome Phospholipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5794-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María José Tapia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - María Monteserín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, Burgos 09001, Spain
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Pina
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Sonia García
- Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Estelrich
- Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Canotilho J, Castro RAE. The structure of betaxolol studied by infrared spectroscopy and natural bond orbital theory. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 76:395-400. [PMID: 20418154 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Betaxolol is a selective beta(1) receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. A study of the betaxolol structure based on infrared spectroscopy and natural bond orbital (NBO) theory is the main aim of the present research. FTIR spectra of the solid betaxolol were recorded in the region from 4000 to 400cm(-1), in the temperature range between 25 and -170 degrees C. For spectral interpretation, spectrum of the deuterated betaxolol and the theoretical vibrational spectra of the conformer present in the solid obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory, were used. Further insight into the structure was provided by natural bond orbital theory. NBO analysis of the conformer, before and after optimization, was carried out at the same level of theory referred above. Vibrational modes involved in hydrogen bond in the stretching and bending region were used in the estimation of the enthalpy using empirical correlations between enthalpy and the frequency shift that occurs as a result of the establishment of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A detailed study of the structure of betaxolol and of its intermolecular interactions was obtained from the combination spectroscopy and NBO theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Canotilho
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
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Castro RAE, Canotilho J, Nunes SCC, Eusébio MES, Redinha JS. A study of the structure of the pindolol based on infrared spectroscopy and natural bond orbital theory. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 72:819-826. [PMID: 19129004 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents (beta-blockers) are on the list of the top selling drugs. Pindolol is a representative of this type of compound, either from the structural point of view, or as reference for comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of the beta-blockers. A study of the pindolol structure based on infrared spectroscopy and natural bond orbital (NBO) theory is the main aim of the present research. FTIR spectra of the solid pindolol were recorded from 4000 to 400cm(-1), at temperatures between 25 and -170 degrees C. For spectral interpretation, the theoretical vibrational spectra of the conformer present in the solid was obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. NBO analysis of the reference conformer, before and after optimization, was carried out at the same level of theory referred above. Characteristic absorption vibrational bands of the spectra of solid pindolol and of the isolated conformer were identified. Intra- and intermolecular interactions in pindolol were confirmed by the frequency shift of the vibrational modes and by the NBO theory. A detailed molecular picture of pindolol and of its intermolecular interactions was obtained from spectroscopy and NBO theory. The combination of both methods gives a deeper insight into the structure.
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Gigante B, Esteves MA, Pires N, Davies ML, Douglas P, Fonseca SM, Burrows HD, Castro RAE, Pina J, Seixas de Melo J. Synthesis, spectroscopy, photophysics and thermal behaviour of stilbene-based triarylamines with dehydroabietic acid methyl ester moieties. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b815711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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