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Salinas-Roco S, Morales-González A, Espinoza S, Pérez-Díaz R, Carrasco B, del Pozo A, Cabeza RA. N 2 Fixation, N Transfer, and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) in Grain Legume-Wheat Intercropping: Impact of N Supply and Plant Density. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:991. [PMID: 38611520 PMCID: PMC11013795 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping legumes with cereals can lead to increased overall yield and optimize the utilization of resources such as water and nutrients, thus enhancing agricultural efficiency. Legumes possess the unique ability to acquire nitrogen (N) through both N2 fixation and from the available N in the soil. However, soil N can diminish the N2 fixation capacity of legumes. It is postulated that in intercropping, legumes uptake N mainly through N2 fixation, leaving more soil N available for cereals. The latter, in turn, has larger root systems, allowing it to explore greater soil volume and absorb more N, mitigating its adverse effects on N2 fixation in legumes. The goal of this study was to evaluate how the supply of N affects the intercropping of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) with wheat under varying plant densities and N levels. We measured photosynthetic traits, biomass production, the proportion of N derived from air (%Ndfa) in the shoot of the legumes, the N transferred to the wheat, and the land equivalent ratio (LER). The results revealed a positive correlation between soil N levels and the CO2 assimilation rate (An), chlorophyll content, and N balance index (NBI) in wheat. However, no significant effect was observed in legumes as soil N levels increased. Transpiration (E) increased in wheat intercropped with legumes, while stomatal conductance (gs) increased with N addition in all crops. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased in faba beans intercropped with wheat as N increased, but it showed no significant change in wheat or peas. The shoot dry matter of wheat increased with the addition of N; however, the two legume species showed no significant changes. N addition reduced the %Ndfa of both legume species, especially in monoculture, with peas being more sensitive than faba beans. The intercropping of wheat alleviated N2 fixation inhibition, especially at high wheat density and increased N transfer to wheat, particularly with peas. The LER was higher in the intercropping treatments, especially under limited N conditions. It is concluded that in the intercropping of wheat with legumes, the N2 fixation inhibition caused by soil N is effectively reduced, as well as there being a significant N transfer from the legume to the wheat, with both process contributing to increase LER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Salinas-Roco
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (S.S.-R.); (A.M.-G.)
| | - Amanda Morales-González
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (S.S.-R.); (A.M.-G.)
| | - Soledad Espinoza
- Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca 3480094, Chile; (R.P.-D.); (B.C.)
| | - Basilio Carrasco
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca 3480094, Chile; (R.P.-D.); (B.C.)
| | - Alejandro del Pozo
- Plant Phenomics Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (S.S.-R.); (A.M.-G.)
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Márquez K, Arriagada O, Pérez-Díaz R, Cabeza RA, Plaza A, Arévalo B, Meisel LA, Ojeda D, Silva H, Schwember AR, Fuentes C, Flores M, Carrasco B. Nutritional Characterization of Chilean Landraces of Common Bean. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:817. [PMID: 38592828 PMCID: PMC10974410 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the primary grain legume cultivated worldwide for direct human consumption due to the high nutritional value of its seeds and pods. The high protein content of common beans highlights it as the most promising source of plant-based protein for the food industry. Additionally, landraces of common bean have great variability in nutritional traits, which is necessary to increase the nutritional quality of elite varieties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to nutritionally characterize 23 Chilean landraces and 5 commercial varieties of common bean to identify genotypes with high nutritional value that are promising for the food industry and for genetic improvement programs. The landrace Phv23 ('Palo') was the most outstanding with high concentrations of minerals such as P (7.53 g/kg), K (19.8 g/kg), Mg (2.43 g/kg), Zn (52.67 mg/kg), and Cu (13.67 mg/kg); essential amino acids (364.8 mg/g protein); and total proteins (30.35 g/100 g seed). Additionally, the landraces Phv9 ('Cimarrón'), Phv17 ('Juanita'), Phv3 ('Araucano'), Phv8 ('Cabrita/Señorita'), and Phv4 ('Arroz') had a high protein content. The landrace Phv24 ('Peumo') stood out for its phenolic compounds (TPC = 218.1 mg GA/100 g seed) and antioxidant activity (ORAC = 22,167.9 μmol eq trolox/100 g extract), but it has moderate to low mineral and protein concentrations. In general, the concentration of nutritional compounds in some Chilean landraces was significantly different from the commercial varieties, highlighting their high nutritional value and their potential use for the food industry and for genetic improvement purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Márquez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Osvin Arriagada
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Plaza
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Bárbara Arévalo
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Lee A. Meisel
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (L.A.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Daniela Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (L.A.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrés R. Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Mónica Flores
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (H.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Basilio Carrasco
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Campus Lircay, Talca 3480094, Chile; (O.A.); (R.P.-D.); (A.P.); (B.A.); (C.F.)
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Concha-Meyer AA, Sepúlveda G, Pérez-Díaz R, Torres CA. Effect of preservation processing on quality attributes and phenolic profile of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis mol. Stuntz) fruit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Torres CA, Azocar C, Ramos P, Pérez-Díaz R, Sepulveda G, Moya-León MA. Photooxidative stress activates a complex multigenic response integrating the phenylpropanoid pathway and ethylene, leading to lignin accumulation in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit. Hortic Res 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32140231 PMCID: PMC7049307 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidative stress, when combined with elevated temperatures, triggers various defense mechanisms leading to physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes in fruit tissue. Furthermore, during sun damage, apple fruit undergo textural changes characterized by high flesh firmness compared to unexposed fruit. Fuji and Royal Gala apples were suddenly exposed to sunlight on the tree and then sampled for up to 29 days. Cell wall components and lignin biosynthetic pathway analyses were carried out on the fruit tissue. At harvest, Fuji apples with different sun exposure levels, such as exposed to direct sunlight (Exp), shaded (Non-Exp), and with severe sun damage (Sev), were also characterized. In fruit suddenly exposed to sunlight, the expression levels of phenylpropanoid-related genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (MdPAL), chalcone synthase (MdCHS), and flavanone-3-hydroxylase (MdF3H), were upregulated in the skin and flesh of Exp and Sev. Exposure had little effect on the lignin-related genes caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (MdCOMT1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (MdCAD) in the skin; however, the expression of these genes was highly induced in the flesh of Exp and Sev in both cultivars. Lignin deposition increased significantly in skin with sun injury (Sev); in flesh, this increase occurred late during the stress treatment. Additionally, the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MdACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MdACO) were highly expressed in the skin and flesh tissues but were more upregulated in Sev than in Exp during the time-course experiment, which paralleled the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin accumulation. At harvest, flesh from Sev fruit exhibited higher firmness than that from Non-Exp and Exp fruit, although no differences were observed in the alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) among groups. The fractionation of cell wall polymers revealed an increase in the uronic acid contents of the water-soluble pectin fraction (WSF) in Exp and Sev tissues compared to Non-Exp tissues, while the other pectin-rich fractions, that is, CDTA-soluble (CSF) and Na2CO3-soluble (NSF), were increased only in Sev. The amount of hemicellulose and cellulose did not differ among fruit conditions. These findings suggest that increases in the flesh firmness of apples can be promoted by photooxidative stress, which is associated with the induction of lignin accumulation in the skin and flesh of stressed fruit, with the involvement of stress phytohormones such as ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A. Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Department of Horticulture, Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA USA
| | - Constanza Azocar
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario-DI, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gloria Sepulveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Department of Horticulture, Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA USA
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Morales-Navarro S, Pérez-Díaz R, Ortega A, de Marcos A, Mena M, Fenoll C, González-Villanueva E, Ruiz-Lara S. Overexpression of a SDD1-Like Gene From Wild Tomato Decreases Stomatal Density and Enhances Dehydration Avoidance in Arabidopsis and Cultivated Tomato. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:940. [PMID: 30022991 PMCID: PMC6039981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are microscopic valves formed by two guard cells flanking a pore, which are located on the epidermis of most aerial plant organs and are used for water and gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. The number, size and distribution of stomata are set during development in response to changing environmental conditions, allowing plants to minimize the impact of a stressful environment. In Arabidopsis, STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (AtSDD1) negatively regulates stomatal density and optimizes transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE). Despite this, little is known about the function of AtSDD1 orthologs in crop species and their wild stress-tolerant relatives. In this study, SDD1-like from the stress-tolerant wild tomato Solanum chilense (SchSDD1-like) was identified through its close sequence relationship with SDD1-like from Solanum lycopersicum and AtSDD1. Both Solanum SDD1-like transcripts accumulated in high levels in young leaves, suggesting that they play a role in early leaf development. Arabidopsis sdd1-3 plants transformed with SchSDD1-like under a constitutive promoter showed a significant reduction in stomatal leaf density compared with untransformed sdd1-3 plants. Additionally, a leaf dehydration shock test demonstrated that the reduction in stomatal abundance of transgenic plants was sufficient to slow down dehydration. Overexpression of SchSDD1-like in cultivated tomato plants decreased the stomatal index and density of the cotyledons and leaves, and resulted in higher dehydration avoidance. Taken together, these results indicate that SchSDD1-like functions in a similar manner to AtSDD1 and suggest that Arabidopsis and tomatoes share this component of the stomatal development pathway that impinges on water status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfonso Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto de Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Montaña Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- *Correspondence: Simón Ruiz-Lara,
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Martín-Davison AS, Pérez-Díaz R, Soto F, Madrid-Espinoza J, González-Villanueva E, Pizarro L, Norambuena L, Tapia J, Tajima H, Blumwald E, Ruiz-Lara S. Involvement of SchRabGDI1 from Solanum chilense in endocytic trafficking and tolerance to salt stress. Plant Sci 2017; 263:1-11. [PMID: 28818364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Physiological responses of plants to salinity stress requires the coordinated activation of many genes. A salt-induced gene was isolated from roots of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense and named SchRabGDI1 because it encodes a protein with high identity to GDP dissociation inhibitors of plants. These proteins are regulators of the RabGTPase cycle that play key roles in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The expression pattern of SchRabGDI1 showed an early up-regulation in roots and leaves under salt stress. Functional activity of SchRabGDI1 was shown by restoring the defective phenotype of the yeast sec19-1 mutant and the capacity of SchRabGDI1 to interact with RabGTPase was demonstrated through BiFC assays. Expression of SchRabGDI1 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulted in increased salt tolerance. Also, the root cells of transgenic plants showed higher rate of endocytosis under normal growth conditions and higher accumulation of sodium in vacuoles and small vesicular structures under salt stress than wild type. Our results suggest that in salt tolerant species such as S. chilense, bulk endocytosis is one of the early mechanisms to avoid salt stress, which requires the concerted expression of regulatory genes involved in vesicular trafficking of the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Flavia Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - José Madrid-Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Lorena Pizarro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Instituto de Química de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
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Pérez-Díaz R, Madrid-Espinoza J, Salinas-Cornejo J, González-Villanueva E, Ruiz-Lara S. Differential Roles for VviGST1, VviGST3, and VviGST4 in Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Transport in Vitis vinífera. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1166. [PMID: 27536314 PMCID: PMC4971086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, flavonoids are synthesized in the cytosol and then are transported and accumulated in the vacuole. Glutathione S-transferase-mediated transport has been proposed as a mechanism involved in flavonoid transport, however, whether binding of flavonoids to glutathione S-transferase (GST) or their transport is glutathione-dependent is not well understood. Glutathione S-transferases from Vitis vinífera (VviGSTs) have been associated with the transport of anthocyanins, however, their ability to transport other flavonoids such as proanthocyanidins (PAs) has not been established. Following bioinformatics approaches, we analyzed the capability of VviGST1, VviGST3, VviGST4, and Arabidopsis TT19 to bind different flavonoids. Analyses of protein-ligand interactions indicate that these GSTs can bind glutathione and monomers of anthocyanin, PAs and flavonols. A total or partial overlap of the binding sites for glutathione and flavonoids was found in VviGST1, and a similar condition was observed in VviGST3 using anthocyanin and flavonols as ligands, whereas VviGST4 and TT19 have both sites for GSH and flavonoids separated. To validate the bioinformatics predictions, functional complementation assays using the Arabidopsis tt19 mutant were performed. Overexpression of VviGST3 in tt19-1 specifically rescued the dark seed coat phenotype associated to correct PA transport, which correlated with higher binding affinity for PA precursors. VviGST4, originally characterized as an anthocyanin-related GST, complemented both the anthocyanin and PA deposition, resembling the function of TT19. By contrast, VviGST1 only partially rescued the normal seed color. Furthermore the expression pattern of these VviGSTs showed that each of these genes could be associated with the accumulation of different flavonoids in specific tissues during grapevine fruit development. These results provide new insights into GST-mediated PA transport in grapevine and suggest that VviGSTs present different specificities for flavonoid ligands. In addition, our data provide evidence to suggest that GST-mediate flavonoid transport is glutathione-dependent.
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Pérez-Díaz R, Ryngajllo M, Pérez-Díaz J, Peña-Cortés H, Casaretto JA, González-Villanueva E, Ruiz-Lara S. VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative proanthocyanidin transporters expressed during berry development in Vitis vinifera L. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:1147-59. [PMID: 24700246 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative PA transporters expressed during seed development in grapevine. The subcellular localization of these MATE proteins suggests different routes for the intracellular transport of PAs. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also called condensed tannins, protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. PAs biosynthesis is part of the flavonoid pathway that also produces anthocyanins and flavonols. In grape fruits, PAs are present in seeds and skin tissues. PAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm and accumulated into the vacuole and apoplast; however, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the transport of these compounds to such cellular compartments. A gene encoding a Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) family protein suggested to transport anthocyanins-named VvMATE1-was used to identify a second gene of the MATE family, VvMATE2. Analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic relationship with other MATE-like proteins indicated that VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative PA transporters. Subcellular localization assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts transformed with VvMATE-GFP fusion constructs along with organelle-specific markers revealed that VvMATE1 is localized in the tonoplast whereas VvMATE2 is localized in the Golgi complex. Major expression of both genes occurs during the early stages of seed development concomitant with the accumulation of PAs. Both genes are poorly expressed in the skin of berries while VvMATE2 is also expressed in leaves. The presence of putative cis-acting elements in the promoters of VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 may explain the differential transcriptional regulation of these genes in grapevine. Altogether, these results suggest that these MATE proteins could mediate the transport and accumulation of PAs in grapevine through different routes and cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
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Pérez-Díaz J, Wu TM, Pérez-Díaz R, Ruíz-Lara S, Hong CY, Casaretto JA. Organ- and stress-specific expression of the ASR genes in rice. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:61-73. [PMID: 24085307 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice ASR genes respond distinctly to abscisic acid, dehydration and cold stress. Their tissue-specific expression provides new hints about their possible roles in plant responses to stress. Plant ASR proteins have emerged as an interesting distinct group of proteins with apparent roles in protecting cellular structures as well as putative regulators of gene expression, both important responses of plants to environmental stresses. Regardless of the possible functions proposed by different studies, little is known about their role in cereals. To further understand the function of these proteins in the Gramineae, we investigated the expression pattern of the six ASR genes present in the rice genome in response to ABA, stress conditions and in different organs. Although transcription of most OsASRs is transiently enhanced by ABA treatment, the genes present a differential response under cold and drought stress as well as specific expression in certain tissues and organs. Analysis of their promoters reveals regulatory cis-elements associated to hormonal, sugar and stress responses. The promoters of two genes, OsASR1 and OsASR5, direct the expression of the GUS reporter gene especially to leaf vascular tissue in response to dehydration and low temperature. In control conditions, a GUS reporter assay also indicates specific expression of these two genes in roots, anthers and seed scutellar tissues. These results provide new clues about the possible role of ASRs in plant stress responses and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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San José C, Monge RA, Pérez-Díaz R, Pla J, Nombela C. The mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog HOG1 gene controls glycerol accumulation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:5850-2. [PMID: 8824643 PMCID: PMC178437 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.19.5850-5852.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Candida albicans HOG1 gene (HOG1CA) was cloned by functional complementation of the osmosensitive phenotype associated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1 delta mutants. HOG1CA codes for a 377-amino-acid protein, 78% identical to S. cerevisiae Hog1p. A C. albicans hog1 null mutant was found to be sensitive to osmotic stress and failed to accumulate glycerol on high-osmolarity media.
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Affiliation(s)
- C San José
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Vieites JM, Navarro-García F, Pérez-Díaz R, Pla J, Nombela C. Expression and in vivo determination of firefly luciferase as gene reporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1994; 10:1321-7. [PMID: 7900421 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The LUC gene coding for Photinus pyralis firefly luciferase was cloned in different yeast episomal plasmids in order to assess its possibilities as an in vivo reporter gene. Activity of the enzyme in transformed cells in vivo was measured by following light emission and assay conditions optimized in intact cells, with regard to oxygen concentration, temperature, cell concentration in assay mixtures and external ATP concentration. Among the factors tested, light emission was drastically influenced by the external pH in the assay (which resulted in a ten-fold amplification signal) and by substrate permeability. The growth phase of the cells was also important for the level of activity detected. Cloning of firefly luciferase gene under the control of different yeast-regulated promoters (ADH1, GAL1-10) enabled us to measure their strength which correlated well with previously described data. We conclude that firefly luciferase is an adequate gene reporter for the in vivo sensitive determination of gene expression and promoter strength in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Vieites
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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