SILVOLIVE, a Germplasm Collection of Wild Subspecies With High Genetic Variability as a Source of Rootstocks and Resistance Genes for Olive Breeding

Wild subspecies of Olea europaea constitute a source of genetic variability with huge potential for olive breeding to face global changes in Mediterranean-climate regions. We intend to identify wild olive genotypes with optimal adaptability to different environmental conditions to serve as a source of rootstocks and resistance genes for olive breeding. The SILVOLIVE collection includes 146 wild genotypes representative of the six O. europaea subspecies and early-generations hybrids. These genotypes came either from olive germplasm collections or from direct prospection in Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. The collection was genotyped with plastid and nuclear markers, confirming the origin of the genotypes and their high genetic variability. Morphological and architectural parameters were quantified in 103 genotypes allowing the identification of three major groups of correlative traits including vigor, branching habits and the belowground-to-aboveground ratio. The occurrence of strong phenotypic variability in these traits within the germplasm collection has been shown. Furthermore, wild olive relatives are of great significance to be used as rootstocks for olive cultivation. Thus, as a proof of concept, different wild genotypes used as rootstocks were shown to regulate vigor parameters of the grafted cultivar "Picual" scion, which could improve the productivity of high-density hedgerow orchards.

P675 ECHO COLOR DOPPLER EVALUATION OF SPLANCHNIC HEMODYNAMIC DURING ACUTE HEART FAILURE

BACKGROUND

Acute heart failure (AHF) seems to provoke profound derangement of abdominal hemodynamic, which causes symptoms and impacts on renal function.

METHODS

27 patients (10 F - age 78 - EF 0.39) admitted for AHF underwent cardiac and abdominal ultrasound at day 1 and 5. Arterial and venous flow within liver, spleen and kidney were recorded. Portal and Splenic Vein flow was described as continuous, pulsatile or reversed, whereas hepatic vein systolic and diastolic ratio was measured. Renal Venous Doppler Profile (VDP) was classified as: continuous, pulsatile, biphasic or monophasic. Arterial Resistive Index (RI) ≥0.7 was considered elevated.

OUTCOME

At day 1 most patients presented with some degree of deranged VDP and high RI in all examined organs. At day 5, a significant proportion of patients improved their VDP in Liver, Kidney and Spleen, while the percentage of patients with collapsing IVC did not significantly change. On the arterial side, the proportion of patients with high Hepatic RI dropped significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

Our preliminary data show that most deranged VDP in abdominal organs and Hepatic RI improve after decongestion despite a nonsignificant trend in improvement in IVC profile.

RESULTS Classification day 1 day 5 p IVC Collapsing 24% 34% ns Portal Vein Continous 22% 50% Pulsatile 72% 50% Reversed 6% 0% <.05* Hepatic Vein S/D≥1 24% 59% S/D <1 60% 28% Reversed S 16% 14% <.05* Hepatic Artery RI ≥0.7 87% 36% <.05 Splenic Vein Flat 28% 57% Pulsatile 56% 33% Reversed 16% 10% <.05* Splenic Artery RI ≥ 0.7 52% 48% ns Renal Vein Continous 11% 39% Pulsatile/Biphasic 52% 52% Monophasic 37% 9% <.05* Renal Artery RI ≥0.7 63% 65% ns * Refers to normal profile versus all other deranged profiles

P2599Echo color doppler evaluation of renal hemodynamic during acute heart failure

Background

Acute heart failure (AHF) is often accompanied by impairment in renal function. A profound derangement of normal abdominal haemodynamic is always present during this clinical phase.

Methods

14 patients (6 F – mean age 80 – mean EF 0.39) admitted for acute heart failure underwent cardiac and renal Echo Doppler examination at day 1-3-5 of Hospital stay. Parameters of arterial and venous flow within cortical right kidney were recorded. Venous Doppler Profile (VDP) was classified as: continuous (C), pulsatile (P), biphasic (B) or monophasic (M) according to the growing degree of derangement. Arterial resistive index (RI) >0.8 was considered elevated. Correlation between renal hemodynamic (and its changes) with biohumoral and echo parameters was sought.

Outcome

At day 1 VDP was M or B in 8 patients (57%) and in four (50%) of them dropped to C or P at day 5. RI was elevated in 8 patients at day 1 while only in 4 at day 5. VDP and RI were not related to EF or BNP values. One patient died before day 5, no other worsening heart failure episodes occurred. Two patients (14%) developed acute kidney injury but their VDP and RI were normal and did not change. Three patients (21%) did not improve their BNP (decrease >30%) but this was not associated with VDP or RI changes. Elevated derived pulmonary artery systolic pressure (>40 mmHg) was present in 6 out of 8 patients (75%) with M or B VDP and in all 4 patients with both elevated RI and M or B VDP.

Venous Pattern Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Continous 2 8 5 Pulsatile 4 2 4 Biphasic 2 1 2 Monophasic 6 3 2 Arterial RI >0.8 8 6 4 BNP, pg/ml 1060±1180* 372±281* 424±213* Creatinine, mg/dl 1.4±0.6 1.5±0.6 1.3±0.6 Hb, g/dl 12.1±2.3 12.3±3.6 13.2±2.3 *p>0.05.

Conclusions

This is the first study exploring changes in renal hemodynamic by echo Doppler during AHF. With respect to previous studies among stable patients, our preliminary data shows a higher proportion of deranged renal venous and/or arterial pattern. After diuretic therapy a trend towards improvement in VDP was recorded. No clear association with other clinical and hemodynamic parameters seems evident.

Prevalence rates of gallstone disease in Italy. The Chianciano population study

The prevalence of gallstone disease and associated factors in the entire population of subjects aged 15-65 years born and resident in Chianciano Terme (Siena - Tuscany) was examined in the years 1985 and 1986. The investigation included gallbladder ultrasonography, administration of a questionnaire on personal and family history, physical examination and blood chemistry. A total of 1809 subjects (attendance rate 87.7%) participated in the study. Personal history and physical examination showed that Chianciano inhabitants have a low prevalence of obesity (4.3%) and only 4.4% of the female population had more than two pregnancies. Overall prevalence of gallstone disease (cholecystectomy+cholelithiasis) was 5.9% (3.7% for males and 8.4% for females). Age standardized relative risk of gallstone disease for females was 2.25 (95% confidence limits = 1.68-2.68). Prevalence of cholelithiasis was 3.5% (2.7% for males and 4.2% for females). Prevalence of gallstone disease increased with increasing age in both sexes, being extremely low in the age interval of 15-29 years (0.25%). The overall gallstones/cholecystectomy ratio was found to be lower (1:1) in females than in males (2.7:1). Although subjects with gallstones reported more frequently biliary colics and non-specific dyspeptic symptoms, the diagnostic power of all symptoms in identifying cholelithiasis was very poor due to low sensitivity. Only one third of subjects with gallstones was aware of having the disease. Age, obesity and number of pregnancies were positively associated with gallstone disease in univariate analyses. The association with obesity and parity disappeared in multivariate analysis. Blood lipids and glucose were not associated with the disease both in univariate and multivariate analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of aging on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation in humans

In order to investigate the alterations of bile acid synthesis in aging, we studied the rates of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation, the rate-limiting step, in 28 patients of different ages (34-83 years old, 14 below and 14 above the age of 65) of both sexes. Hydroxylation rates were determined by tritium release assay after an intravenous bolus of [7 alpha-3H]cholesterol. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation was significantly decreased in the older age group, compared to middle-aged subjects, both in males and females; moreover, a significant inverse correlation between hydroxylation rates and age was found in the whole sample (r = -0.56; P < 0.01) and in females, but not in males. The percent concentration of deoxycholic acid in plasma (determined by gas-liquid chromatography) was increased in older subjects. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not related with age even though triglyceride concentrations tended to be lower in the older age group. Triglyceride, but not cholesterol levels, were directly correlated with hydroxylation rates (r = 0.45, P < 0.05). After cholestyramine treatment (8-12 g/day for 4 weeks) a sharp increase in 7 alpha-hydroxylation rates was observed in three elderly patients, accompanied by reduced levels of dihydroxylated bile acids. Our data are consistent with a reduced rate of conversion of cholesterol to bile acids with aging, particularly in females, and suggest a coordinate reduction of triglyceride production. Alterations of the quantitative and/or qualitative pattern of the bile acid pool recirculating to the liver may be responsible, at least in part, for the changes observed.