Use of podcasts for health education: a scoping review

OBJECTIVES

to map the scientific evidence related to the characteristics, themes, and outcomes of using health education podcasts aimed at individuals over 18 years of age in intra or extrahospital environments.

METHODS

a scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method, conducted in 11 databases, including studies from 2004 to 2022.

RESULTS

11 studies were selected, categorized, highlighting the characteristics, evaluated outcomes, areas, and conditions of podcast application, indicating it as an effective tool for promoting behavioral change, health promotion, and social interaction, demonstrating its potential to improve well-being, quality of life, and user/client autonomy.

CONCLUSIONS

the use of podcasts proves to be an effective, innovative, and low-cost tool, with a significant social impact, being effective for behavioral change, satisfaction, and social interaction. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on podcast development methodologies represents challenges to be overcome.

Impact and quality of life on patients affected by cerebral vascular accident / Impacto e qualidade de vida no paciente acometido por Acidente Vascular Cerebral

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto e a qualidade de vida em pessoas acometidas por acidente vascular cerebral em seguimento ambulatorial. Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo, de janeiro a abril de 2019, utilizou-se um questionário com variáveis pessoais, sociodemográficos e clínicas; o Stroke Impact Scale 3.0  e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida Específica para Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Resultados: 34 participantes, idade média de 50,3 anos, maioria mulheres (55,8%), cor da pele branca (52,9%), ensino fundamental incompleto (38,2%), casados (47%), tipo isquêmico (73,5%) e no hemisfério esquerdo (44,1%). Em 79,4% foi o primeiro evento de AVC. As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (73,5%) e dislipidemia (61,7%). O instrumento Stroke Impact Scale obteve média de 57,75 e a escala de qualidade de vida de 156. Conclusão: o impacto da doença, a qualidade de vida e a percepção da recuperação foram classificados como moderados.

[Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy by patients with acute coronary syndrome following discharge]

OBJECTIVE

To assess levels of medication adherence to antiplatelet and statins therapy among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients 30 days after hospital discharge and identify the main barriers to medication adherence and the main sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with treatment adherence.

METHOD

This was a quantitative longitudinal study. Patients admitted to hospital with ACS were included. Initially, data collection was conducted using a semi-structured interview during the hospital stay. Thirty days after hospital discharge, the Brief Medication Questionnaire was applied by phone to assess treatment adherence. Descriptive statistics were used and tests were applied to analyze the association between medication adherence and clinical and sociodemographic data.

RESULTS

One hundred and sixty-two patients were assessed. The Brief Medication Questionnaire test showed that 49.3% presented probable low adherence to treatment. Marital status, household income and alcohol intake showed an association with medication adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the present study indicate high rates of probable nonadherence to medication among ACS patients 30 days after hospital discharge, this information could help nurses to choose specific nursing interventions that could improve adherence in patients' daily routines.

Inspiratory Muscle Weakness is Related to Poor Short-Term Outcomes for Heart Transplantation

INTRODUCTION

In heart transplantation (HT) recipients, several factors are critical to promptly adopting appropriate rehabilitation strategies and may be important to predict outcomes way after surgery. This study aimed to determine preoperative patient-related risk factors that could adversely affect the postoperative clinical course of patients undergoing HT.

METHODS

Twenty-one hospitalized patients with heart failure undergoing HT were evaluated according to respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity before HT. Mechanical ventilation (MV) time, reintubation rate, and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay were recorded, and assessed postoperatively.

RESULTS

Inspiratory muscle strength as absolute and percentpredicted values were strongly correlated with MV time (r=-0.61 and r=-0.70, respectively, at P<0.001). Concerning ICU length of stay, only maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) absolute and percent-predicted values were significantly associated. The absolute |MIP| was significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.58 at P=0.006) and the percent-predicted MIP was also significantly negatively correlated with ICU length of stay (r=-0.68 at P=0.0007). No associations were observed between preoperative functional capacity, age, sex, and clinical characteristics and MV time and ICU length of stay in the cohort included in this study. Patients with respiratory muscle weakness had a higher prevalence of prolonged MV, reintubation, and delayed ICU length of stay.

CONCLUSION

An impairment of preoperative MIP was associated with poorer short-term outcomes following HT. As such, inspiratory muscle strength is an important clinical preoperative marker in patients undergoing HT.

Medication non-adherence in heart transplant patients

OBJECTIVE

To measure medication non-adherence in patients after heart transplantation using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); to compare the results of biopsies performed with the prevalent comorbidities and survival.

METHOD

Quantitative historical cohort. The population consisted of patients undergoing transplantation between 2009 and 2016.

RESULTS

Participation of 60 patients. The measurement using the BAASIS was 46.7% of non-adherence and 53.3% of patient adherence. The group with greater difficulty in non-adherence reported up to 2 hours delay of medication intake in relation to the prescribed time (25%), although there was no interruption in medications. The initial diagnosis was Chagas disease (33.3%). The studied comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia (DLP) and chronic renal failure (CRF).

CONCLUSION

Assessment using the BAASIS showed medication non-adherence in 46.7% of heart transplant patients. The VAS according to patients' self-report and nurse's assessment showed high values (93.3% vs 83.3%). The BAASIS tends to address the difficulties reported by patients, when there is a change in doses, delays or anticipations of time and dose.

Validade e confiabilidade do questionário de avaliação multidimensional após o infarto do miocárdio

Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências de confiabilidade e a validade do instrumento de qualidade de vida- MIDAS em pacientes após o infarto do miocárdio. Métodos: Estudo metodológico Para avaliar a confiabilidade foi utilizada a análise da consistência interna pelo teste-reteste (? de Cronbach) . A reprodutibilidade  foi analisada concomitante com o teste e reteste e com a avaliação intra e inter-examinador. A validade do instrumento foi verificada por meio da validade de constructo e critério através da validade convergente e concorrente. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 83 pacientes, sendo 51 pacientes internados e 32 ambulatoriais. Todos os domínios apresentam correlação significativa com escore geral. O questionário MIDAS possui ótima validação e confiabilidade em comparação ao questionário SF- 36 com correlação de 0,89 (p<0,001). O Alfa de Cronbach obtido foi de 0,85. Conclusão: O instrumento apresenta evidências de confiabilidade e validade para aplicação no Brasil em ambientes ambulatoriais e hospitalares.

Myocardial oxygen consumption in the bed bath and shower bath in patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND

Bed and shower hygiene measures are performed by the nursing staff in patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Few studies have evaluated the difference in energy consumption between the two types of bath.

OBJECTIVES

To analyse and compare the variation in Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and rate-pressure-product (RPP) between bed and shower bath in ACS patients.

DESIGN

Quantitative, analytical, prospective study.

SETTINGS

This study was conducted in a Coronary Intensive Care Unit, including patients over 18 years admitted for ACS in Killip classes I and II.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The level of myocardial oxygen consumption was assessed by calculating the RPP before, immediately after and 5 minutes after the first bed bath and the first shower bath. Differences in mean RPP before, during and 5 minutes after each body hygiene were compared using the paired-samples Student's t-test.

RESULTS

Seventy patients were included. No important clinical variation was found in HR, SBP and RPP during bed bath and during shower bath. The comparison of HR, SBP and RPP between bed bath and shower showed no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSION

Bed bath and shower bath did not significantly increase energy expenditure in patients with acute coronary syndrome and there was no difference in energy expenditure between the two types of body hygiene.

Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy by patients with acute coronary syndrome following discharge

OBJECTIVE

To assess levels of medication adherence to antiplatelet and statins therapy among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients 30 days after hospital discharge and identify the main barriers to medication adherence and the main sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with treatment adherence.

METHOD

This was a quantitative longitudinal study. Patients admitted to hospital with ACS were included. Initially, data collection was conducted using a semi-structured interview during the hospital stay. Thirty days after hospital discharge, the Brief Medication Questionnaire was applied by phone to assess treatment adherence. Descriptive statistics were used and tests were applied to analyze the association between medication adherence and clinical and sociodemographic data.

RESULTS

One hundred and sixty-two patients were assessed. The Brief Medication Questionnaire test showed that 49.3% presented probable low adherence to treatment. Marital status, household income and alcohol intake showed an association with medication adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the present study indicate high rates of probable nonadherence to medication among ACS patients 30 days after hospital discharge, this information could help nurses to choose specific nursing interventions that could improve adherence in patients' daily routines.

Adaptação transcultural do Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) para a língua portuguesa brasileira

Resumo A partir da avaliação dos fatores que incidem na qualidade de vida (QV) é possível planejar as intervenções que proporcionam melhoria do bem-estar dos pacientes. Realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário Miocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale (MIDAS) para língua portuguesa, buscando as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural. Foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Guillemin, Bombardier e Beaton, cumprindo as seguintes etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação dos autores, banca de juízes e pré-teste. Após todas as avaliações, foram alcançadas as equivalências semântica, conceitual, idiomática e cultural. A escala mostrou-se de fácil aplicação e importância clínica. O MIDAS encontra-se validado no que se refere às equivalências semânticas, idiomáticas, conceituais e culturais. Posteriormente, será avaliada a equivalência de mensuração, para verificar as propriedades psicométricas.

Oxygen uptake on-kinetics during six-minute walk test predicts short-term outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

PURPOSE

We aimed to investigate the ability of oxygen uptake kinetics to predict short-term outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

METHODS

Fifty-two patients aged 60.9 ± 7.8 years waiting for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were evaluated. The 6-min walk test distance was performed pre-operatively, while simultaneously using a portable cardiopulmonary testing device. The transition of oxygen uptake kinetics from rest to exercise was recorded to calculate oxygen uptake kinetics fitting a monoexponential regression model. Oxygen uptake at steady state, constant time, and mean response time corrected by work rate were analysed. Short-term clinical outcomes were evaluated during the early post-operative of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

RESULTS

Multivariate analysis showed body mass index, surgery time, and mean response time corrected by work rate as independent predictors for short-term outcomes. The optimal mean response time corrected by work rate cut-off to estimate short-term clinical outcomes was 1.51 × 10^-3 min²/ml. Patients with slower mean response time corrected by work rate demonstrated higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, EuroSCOREII, left ventricular dysfunction, and impaired 6-min walk test parameters. The per cent-predicted distance threshold of 66% in the pre-operative was associated with delayed oxygen uptake kinetics.

CONCLUSIONS

Pre-operative oxygen uptake kinetics during 6-min walk test predicts short-term clinical outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. From a clinically applicable perspective, a threshold of 66% of pre-operative predicted 6-min walk test distance indicated slower kinetics, which leads to longer intensive care unit and post-surgery hospital length of stay. Implications for rehabilitation Coronary artery bypass grafting is a treatment aimed to improve expectancy of life and prevent disability due to the disease progression; The use of pre-operative submaximal functional capacity test enabled the identification of patients with high risk of complications, where patients with delayed oxygen uptake kinetics exhibited worse short-term outcomes; Our findings suggest the importance of the rehabilitation in the pre-operative in order to "pre-habilitate" the patients to the surgical procedure; Faster oxygen uptake on-kinetics could be achieved by improving the oxidative capacity of muscles and cardiovascular conditioning through rehabilitation, adding better results following cardiac surgery.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves exercise tolerance in patients with advanced heart failure on continuous intravenous inotropic support use-randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of a short-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation program on exercise tolerance in hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure who have suffered an acute decompensation and are under continuous intravenous inotropic support.

DESIGN

A randomized controlled study.

SUBJECTS

Initially, 195 patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure were recruited, but 70 were randomized.

INTERVENTION

Patients were randomized into two groups: control group subject to the usual care ( n = 35); neuromuscular electrical stimulation group ( n = 35) received daily training sessions to both lower extremities for around two weeks.

MAIN MEASURES

The baseline 6-minute walk test to determine functional capacity was performed 24 hours after hospital admission, and intravenous inotropic support dose was daily checked in all patients. The outcomes were measured in two weeks or at the discharge if the patients were sent back home earlier than two weeks.

RESULTS

After losses of follow-up, a total of 49 patients were included and considered for final analysis (control group, n = 25 and neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, n = 24). The neuromuscular electrical stimulation group presented with a higher 6-minute walk test distance compared to the control group after the study protocol (293 ± 34.78 m vs. 265.8 ± 48.53 m, P < 0.001, respectively). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation group also demonstrated a significantly higher dose reduction of dobutamine compared to control group after the study protocol (2.72 ± 1.72 µg/kg/min vs. 3.86 ± 1.61 µg/kg/min, P = 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION

A short-term inpatient neuromuscular electrical stimulation rehabilitation protocol improved exercise tolerance and reduced intravenous inotropic support necessity in patients with advanced heart failure suffering a decompensation episode.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes em lista de espera para o transplante renal

Resumo Objetivo Identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em lista única de espera para a realização do transplante renal no estado de São Paulo. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico transversal com abordagem quantitativa para identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em fila única de espera para o transplante renal. Realizou-se levantamento nas bases de dados da Central de Notificação, Captação e Distribuição de Órgãos do Cadastro Técnico Único, estabelecendo-se como variáveis as características clínicas, demográficas e relativas ao desfecho de convocação no período de período de 2009 a 2015. A amostra foi composta por 12.415 pacientes que realizavam hemodiálise e paralelo ao tratamento encontravam-se inscritos para a realização do transplante renal. Para análise estatística descritiva, utilizou-se os testes Qui-Quadrado, t de Student e para significância Kaplan-Meier. Resultados Foram incluídos 12.415 pacientes, identificou-se média de idade de 50 anos, sexo masculino (59,6%), cor branca (63,1%), tipo sanguíneo O (48,9%), região metropolitana de São Paulo (73,82%), diagnóstico não especificado (34,5%), não realizaram transplante (77,2%) e sem condições clínicas de realizar o transplante (99,8%). Conclusão Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes com doença renal crônica que aguardam em lista única nos permite traçar novas estratégias de cuidados em saúde para redução principalmente das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Nota-se carência de atendimento da demanda e altos índices de recusa.

Nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD). Method: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, for an instrument's methodological validation. Three stages were conducted: development of the instrument; protocol content validation according to the Delphi technique, and agreement among experts and the scientific literature. Results: based on the content validation, a care protocol for patients with a VAD was created and assessed by Spanish experts. Of the 15 items evaluated by means of the content validity index (CVI), 10 presented solid evidence of validation, with Kappa ranging between 0.87 and 1. Conclusion: the method enabled the validation of interventions that will contribute to qualified and standardized care for patients with a VAD.

NEUROPATIA PERIFÉRICA E SINAIS CLÍNICOS DE SÍNDROME CORONARIANA AGUDA EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS

Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de neuropatia periférica em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda e sua associação com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos. Estudo prospectivo, transversal e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados de novembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016 em um hospital na cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os sinais clínicos apresentados pelos pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda portadores de diabetes mellitus e o nível de neuropatia periférica pela Escala de Sintomas Neuropáticos. Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, apresentaram dor precordial em aperto em 33 (66%) participantes, além da sudorese e dispneia. Sintomas neuropáticos foram identificados em 33 (66%) pacientes, não observada associação entre o nível de neuropatia e a intensidade dos sinais clínicos da síndrome coronariana aguda. A avaliação clínica realizada pelo enfermeiro em pacientes diabéticos com síndrome coronariana aguda deve ser feita de forma rigorosa, principalmente nos pacientes que podem apresentar sinais clínicos atípicos dependendo do grau de neuropatia periférica.

Revisiting Chagas disease and its cardiac implications: an integrative review study for nursing practice

Goals: Identify relevant aspects found in the literature regarding nursing actions in caring for adults with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Methods: An integrative review was performed. The research was guided by the question: "What information and actions should nurses know about when taking care of adults with Chagas cardiomyopathy?" Results: Eleven articles were identified, published in the last 10 years. This study showed that: patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy have more severe symptoms than with other etiologies of heart failure and higher prevalence of indications for artificial heart pacemakers; there is a knowledge gap among health professionals regarding this disease; and these patients face prolonged hospital stays until heart transplantation with a consequent drop in their quality of life, calling for interventions with a focus on self-management of the disease.  Conclusions: The planning of nursing interventions that result in improved quality of life, symptom control, and increased adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy is essential in the care of patients with Chagas disease. Keywords: nursing, Chagas disease, Chagas cardiomyopathy

Reproducibility and Reliability of the Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND

Studies have shown the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the patients' quality of life. Specific questionnaires enable the evaluation of relevant events. We previously developed a questionnaire to assess the quality of life of patients with AF (AFQLQ version 1), which was reviewed in this study, and new domains were added.

OBJECTIVE

To demonstrate the reproducibility of the AFQLQ version 2 (AFQLQ v.2), which included the domains of fatigue, illness perception and well-being.

METHODS

We applied 160 questionnaires (AFQLQ v.2 and SF-36) to 40 patients, at baseline and 15 days after, to measure inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. The analysis of quality of life stability was determined by test-retest, applying the Bartko intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test.

RESULTS

The total score of the test-retest (n = 40) had an ICC of 0.98 in the AFQLQ v.2, and of 0.94 in the SF36. In assessing the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the AFQLQ v.2, the ICC reliability was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The internal consistency had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, compatible with good agreement of the AFQLQ v.2.

CONCLUSION

The AFQLQ v.2 performed better than its previous version. Similarly, the domains added contributed to make it more comprehensive and robust to assess the quality of life of patients with AF.

Validação do instrumento Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire para uso no Brasil

Resumo Objetivo Traduzir para a língua portuguesa do Brasil o instrumento intitulado Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire, desenvolvido no idioma inglês no Reino Unido, adaptá-lo e validá-lo à realidade brasileira através da análise das características demográficas, confiabilidade de instrumento, correlação inter-itens e exploração quanto à sensibilidade à mudança. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo metodológico realizado segundo critérios de validação de instrumentos preconizado pela literatura internacional, sendo: tradução inicial, síntese da tradução, comitê de juízes especialistas, retradução (backtranslation) e pré-teste da versão final. Resultados A versão em português possui moderada à alta consistência interna em todos os domínios. A análise de correlação inter-itens revelou que os maiores coeficientes são observados entre os domínios dor e sintomas urinários. Conclusão Nossos resultados mostram que a versão do USSQ-Brasil é um instrumento válido e confiável para medir a repercussão dos vários sintomas relacionados ao stent ureteral em pacientes brasileiros.

Instrumento instrucional do resultado NOC: conhecimento controle da doença cardíaca para portadores de insuficiência cardíaca

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma doença que apresenta altos índices de re-hospitalizações, ocasionadas em algumas situações pelo conhecimento deficiente dos portadores quanto ao controle e autogestão desta doença. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento instrucional de avaliação dos indicadores do resultado NOC Conhecimento da Doença Cardíaca para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Foi realizado a validação de conteúdo pela análise de seis experts na área de Cardiologia, sendo avaliado a concordância dos mesmos pelo teste de Kappa. Obteve-se o nível de concordância Kappa superior a 98% em todos os critérios avaliados, portanto foi considerado o instrumento como validado no conteúdo. Este estudo é fundamental para a prática clínica dos enfermeiros, pois poderá nortear a avaliação do enfermeiro no conhecimento do paciente com IC.

Hospital discharge plan for patients with congestive heart failure

This integrative review investigates how nurses plan the hospital discharge of patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) since an inadequate discharge plan and patients' subsequent non-adherence to instruction provided upon discharge are indicated as potential factors for re-hospitalization. A total of 24 papers were found in a search carried out in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases between 2004 and 2008, which given the inclusion criteria, were reduced to 14 papers. The papers were analyzed and categorized into "Health Education", and "Nursing Care". The synthesis of results indicates that the discharge plan devised by nurses is based on two categories. The actions of nurses to promote health education can enable patients with CHF to improve self-care.

Percepção da doença: uma avaliação a ser realizada pelos enfermeiros

Percepção da doença é a maneira como os indivíduos entendem e lidam com sua patologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, na literatura, artigos desenvolvidos por enfermeiros a respeito da percepção da doença e os instrumentos disponíveis para a avaliação da mesma. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que possibilitou a identificação de nove artigos que relacionavam a percepção da doença à Educação em saúde, Enfrentamento, Adesão ao tratamento e Qualidade de vida. Também foram identificadas formas de avaliação deste fenômeno. Concluiu-se que os enfermeiros devem avaliar periodicamente a percepção da doença por meio de instrumentos validados e, preferencialmente, em conjunto com o uso dos diagnósticos de enfermagem descritos pela NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I).

Qualidade das anotações de enfermagem relacionadas à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar comparadas ao modelo Utstein

OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade das anotações de enfermagem relacionadas à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, comparando-as ao protocolo validado Utstein, em um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de consulta a prontuários de pacientes que sofreram parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) seguida de óbito. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de 1° de maio a 30 de junho de 2009. RESULTADOS: Dos 144 prontuários consultados, 74 foram dispensados por não haver nenhuma informação registrada dos itens a serem estudados e, 70 constituíram a amostra do estudo. Nestes, não havia anotações referentes à causa imediata da PCR (92%), intervenções realizadas na tentativa de recuperação cardiorrespiratória (RCP) (71%), ritmo inicial de PCR (59%), hora dos eventos (16%), drogas utilizadas (50%) e profissionais envolvidos na RCP (88%). CONCLUSÕES: As anotações foram escassas e, frequentemente, não realizadas. A utilização do modelo Utstein favorece a anotação sequencial dos eventos, evitando a perda de dados.