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Li J, Warren-Smith SC, McLaughlin RA, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H. Single-fiber probes for combined sensing and imaging in biological tissue: recent developments and prospects. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:2392-2405. [PMID: 38633092 PMCID: PMC11019705 DOI: 10.1364/boe.517920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-fiber-based sensing and imaging probes enable the co-located and simultaneous observation and measurement (i.e., 'sense' and 'see') of intricate biological processes within deep anatomical structures. This innovation opens new opportunities for investigating complex physiological phenomena and potentially allows more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of disease. This prospective review starts with presenting recent studies of single-fiber-based probes for concurrent and co-located fluorescence-based sensing and imaging. Notwithstanding the successful initial demonstration of integrated sensing and imaging within single-fiber-based miniaturized devices, the realization of these devices with enhanced sensing sensitivity and imaging resolution poses notable challenges. These challenges, in turn, present opportunities for future research, including the design and fabrication of complex lens systems and fiber architectures, the integration of novel materials and other sensing and imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Warren-Smith
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Hackmann MJ, Cairncross A, Elliot JG, Mulrennan S, Nilsen K, Thompson BR, Li Q, Karnowski K, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA, Cense B, James AL, Noble PB. Quantification of smooth muscle in human airways by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography requires correction for perichondrium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L393-L408. [PMID: 38261720 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00254.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying airway smooth muscle (ASM) in patients with asthma raises the possibility of improved and personalized disease management. Endobronchial polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a promising quantitative imaging approach that is in the early stages of clinical translation. To date, only animal tissues have been used to assess the accuracy of PS-OCT to quantify absolute (rather than relative) ASM in cross sections with directly matched histological cross sections as validation. We report the use of whole fresh human and pig airways to perform a detailed side-by-side qualitative and quantitative validation of PS-OCT against gold-standard histology. We matched and quantified 120 sections from five human and seven pig (small and large) airways and linked PS-OCT signatures of ASM to the tissue structural appearance in histology. Notably, we found that human cartilage perichondrium can share with ASM the properties of birefringence and circumferential alignment of fibers, making it a significant confounder for ASM detection. Measurements not corrected for perichondrium overestimated ASM content several-fold (P < 0.001, paired t test). After careful exclusion of perichondrium, we found a strong positive correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.00001) of ASM area measured by PS-OCT and histology, supporting the method's application in human subjects. Matching human histology further indicated that PS-OCT allows conclusions on the intralayer composition and in turn potential contractile capacity of ASM bands. Together these results form a reliable basis for future clinical studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) may facilitate in vivo measurement of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We present a quantitative validation correlating absolute ASM area from PS-OCT to directly matched histological cross sections using human tissue. A major confounder for ASM quantification was observed and resolved: fibrous perichondrium surrounding hyaline cartilage in human airways presents a PS-OCT signature similar to ASM for birefringence and optic axis orientation. Findings impact the development of automated methods for ASM segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hackmann
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alvenia Cairncross
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhain Mulrennan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kris Nilsen
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David D Sampson
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barry Cense
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Yang M, Wei Y, Reineck P, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Li J, McLaughlin RA. Development of a glass-based imaging phantom to model the optical properties of human tissue. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:346-359. [PMID: 38223187 PMCID: PMC10783914 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of a stable, reproducible optical imaging phantom is critical to the assessment and optimization of optical imaging systems. We demonstrate the use of an alternative material, glass, for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms. The glass matrix was doped with nickel ions to approximate the absorption of hemoglobin. Scattering levels representative of human tissue were induced in the glass matrix through controlled crystallization at elevated temperatures. We show that this type of glass is a viable material for creating tissue-mimicking optical phantoms by providing controlled levels of scattering and absorption with excellent optical homogeneity, long-term stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Yang
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yunle Wei
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jiawen Li
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gruda Y, Albrecht M, Buckova M, Haim D, Lauer G, Koch E, Joehrens K, Schnabel C, Golde J, Li J, McLaughlin RA, Walther J. Characteristics of Clinically Classified Oral Lichen Planus in Optical Coherence Tomography: A Descriptive Case-Series Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2642. [PMID: 37627901 PMCID: PMC10453426 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP) into oral squamous cell carcinoma is considered as one of the most serious complications of OLP. For the early detection of oral cancer in OLP follow-up, accurate localization of the OLP center is still difficult but often required for confirmatory biopsy with histopathological examination. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the potential for more reliable biopsy sampling in the oral cavity as it is capable of non-invasively imaging the degenerated oral layer structure. In this case-series study with 15 patients, features of clinically classified forms of OLP in OCT cross-sections were registered and correlated with available histologic sections. Besides patients with reticular, atrophic, erosive and plaque-like OLP, two patients with leukoplakia were included for differentiation. The results show that OCT yields information about the epithelial surface, thickness and reflectivity, as well as the identifiability of the basement membrane and the vessel network, which could be used to complement the visual clinical appearance of OLP variants and allow a more accurate localization of the OLP center. This forms the basis for further studies on OCT-assisted non-invasive clinical classification of OLP, with the aim of enabling decision support for biopsy sampling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Gruda
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Marius Albrecht
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michaela Buckova
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Dominik Haim
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Guenter Lauer
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinic and Policlinic of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Edmund Koch
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Korinna Joehrens
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Christian Schnabel
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Jonas Golde
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiawen Li
- Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Julia Walther
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.A.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
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Starovoyt A, Quirk BC, Putzeys T, Kerckhofs G, Nuyts J, Wouters J, McLaughlin RA, Verhaert N. An optically-guided cochlear implant sheath for real-time monitoring of electrode insertion into the human cochlea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19234. [PMID: 36357503 PMCID: PMC9649659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cochlear implant surgery, insertion of perimodiolar electrode arrays into the scala tympani can be complicated by trauma or even accidental translocation of the electrode array within the cochlea. In patients with partial hearing loss, cochlear trauma can not only negatively affect implant performance, but also reduce residual hearing function. These events have been related to suboptimal positioning of the cochlear implant electrode array with respect to critical cochlear walls of the scala tympani (modiolar wall, osseous spiral lamina and basilar membrane). Currently, the position of the electrode array in relation to these walls cannot be assessed during the insertion and the surgeon depends on tactile feedback, which is unreliable and often comes too late. This study presents an image-guided cochlear implant device with an integrated, fiber-optic imaging probe that provides real-time feedback using optical coherence tomography during insertion into the human cochlea. This novel device enables the surgeon to accurately detect and identify the cochlear walls ahead and to adjust the insertion trajectory, avoiding collision and trauma. The functionality of this prototype has been demonstrated in a series of insertion experiments, conducted by experienced cochlear implant surgeons on fresh-frozen human cadaveric cochleae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Starovoyt
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Tristan Putzeys
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XBiomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XInstitute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, 1200 Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Nuyts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging and Pathology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Research Center, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Nicolas Verhaert
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Sciarrone DFG, McLaughlin RA, Argarini R, To M, Naylor LH, Bolam LM, Carter HH, Green DJ. Visualising and quantifying microvascular structure and function in patients with heart failure using optical coherence tomography. J Physiol 2022; 600:3921-3929. [PMID: 35869823 PMCID: PMC9541462 DOI: 10.1113/jp282940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Key points
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. G. Sciarrone
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics School of Biomedicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- School of Engineering University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Raden Argarini
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Minh‐Son To
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University Bedford Park Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park Australia
| | - Louise H. Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Lucy M. Bolam
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Howard H. Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
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Hackmann MJ, Elliot JG, Green FHY, Cairncross A, Cense B, McLaughlin RA, Langton D, James AL, Noble PB, Donovan GM. Requirements and limitations of imaging airway smooth muscle throughout the lung in vivo. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 301:103884. [PMID: 35301143 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical visualization and quantification of the amount and distribution of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in the lungs of individuals with asthma has major implications for our understanding of airway wall remodeling as well as treatments targeted at the ASM. This paper theoretically investigates the feasibility of quantifying airway wall thickness (focusing on the ASM) throughout the lung in vivo by means of bronchoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Using extensive human biobank data from subjects with and without asthma in conjunction with a mathematical model of airway compliance, we define constraints that airways of various sizes pose to any endoscopic imaging technique and how this is impacted by physiologically relevant processes such as constriction, inflation and deflation. We identify critical PS-OCT system parameters and pinpoint parts of the airway tree that are conducive to successful quantification of ASM. We further quantify the impact of breathing and ASM contraction on the measurement error and recommend strategies for standardization and normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hackmann
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis H Y Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alvenia Cairncross
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry Cense
- School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Langton
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graham M Donovan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Scolaro L, Lorenser D, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Ho LA, Thomas E, Li J, Saunders CM, Sampson DD, Fuller RO, McLaughlin RA. Multimodal imaging needle combining optical coherence tomography and fluorescence for imaging of live breast cancer cells labeled with a fluorescent analog of tamoxifen. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:076004. [PMID: 35831923 PMCID: PMC9278982 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.076004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Imaging needles consist of highly miniaturized focusing optics encased within a hypodermic needle. The needles may be inserted tens of millimeters into tissue and have the potential to visualize diseased cells well beyond the penetration depth of optical techniques applied externally. Multimodal imaging needles acquire multiple types of optical signals to differentiate cell types. However, their use has not previously been demonstrated with live cells. AIM We demonstrate the ability of a multimodal imaging needle to differentiate cell types through simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence imaging. APPROACH We characterize the performance of a multimodal imaging needle. This is paired with a fluorescent analog of the therapeutic drug, tamoxifen, which enables cell-specific fluorescent labeling of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. We perform simultaneous OCT and fluorescence in situ imaging on MCF-7 ER+ breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 ER- cells. Images are compared against unlabeled control samples and correlated with standard confocal microscopy images. RESULTS We establish the feasibility of imaging live cells with these miniaturized imaging probes by showing clear differentiation between cancerous cells. CONCLUSIONS Imaging needles have the potential to aid in the detection of specific cancer cells within solid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Scolaro
- The University of Adelaide, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dirk Lorenser
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- The University of Adelaide, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- The University of Adelaide, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louisa A. Ho
- The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- The University of Western Australia, Medical School, Division of Surgery, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiawen Li
- The University of Adelaide, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christobel M. Saunders
- The University of Western Australia, Medical School, Division of Surgery, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Breast Centre, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital, Breast Clinic, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Surrey, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Surrey Biophotonics, Guildford, United Kingdom
- University of Surrey, Advanced Technology Institute, School of Physics, Surrey Biophotonics, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca O. Fuller
- The University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Tasmania, School of Natural Sciences – Chemistry, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- The University of Adelaide, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, School of Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Li J, Thiele S, Kirk RW, Quirk BC, Hoogendoorn A, Chen YC, Peter K, Nicholls SJ, Verjans JW, Psaltis PJ, Bursill C, Herkommer AM, Giessen H, McLaughlin RA. 3D-Printed Micro Lens-in-Lens for In Vivo Multimodal Microendoscopy. Small 2022; 18:e2107032. [PMID: 35229467 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal microendoscopes enable co-located structural and molecular measurements in vivo, thus providing useful insights into the pathological changes associated with disease. However, different optical imaging modalities often have conflicting optical requirements for optimal lens design. For example, a high numerical aperture (NA) lens is needed to realize high-sensitivity fluorescence measurements. In contrast, optical coherence tomography (OCT) demands a low NA to achieve a large depth of focus. These competing requirements present a significant challenge in the design and fabrication of miniaturized imaging probes that are capable of supporting high-quality multiple modalities simultaneously. An optical design is demonstrated which uses two-photon 3D printing to create a miniaturized lens that is simultaneously optimized for these conflicting imaging modalities. The lens-in-lens design contains distinct but connected optical surfaces that separately address the needs of both fluorescence and OCT imaging within a lens of 330 µm diameter. This design shows an improvement in fluorescence sensitivity of >10x in contrast to more conventional fiber-optic design approaches. This lens-in-lens is then integrated into an intravascular catheter probe with a diameter of 520 µm. The first simultaneous intravascular OCT and fluorescence imaging of a mouse artery in vivo is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Simon Thiele
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Bryden C Quirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yung Chih Chen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Bio21 Institute, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Christina Bursill
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alois M Herkommer
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Walther J, Golde J, Albrecht M, Quirk BC, Scolaro L, Kirk RW, Gruda Y, Schnabel C, Tetschke F, Joehrens K, Haim D, Buckova M, Li J, McLaughlin RA. A handheld fiber-optic probe to enable optical coherence tomography of oral soft tissue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2276-2282. [PMID: 34995178 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3141241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a highly miniaturized, handheld probe developed for rapid assessment of soft tissue using optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is a non-invasive optical technology capable of visualizing the sub-surface structural changes that occur in soft tissue disease such as oral lichen planus. However, usage of OCT in the oral cavity has been limited, as the requirements for high-quality optical scanning have often resulted in probes that are heavy, unwieldy and clinically impractical. In this paper, we present a novel probe that combines an all-fiber optical design with a light-weight magnetic scanning mechanism to provide easy access to the oral cavity. The resulting probe is approximately the size of a pen (10 mm 140 mm) and weighs only 10 grams. To demonstrate the feasibility and high image quality achieved with the probe, imaging is performed on the buccal mucosa and alveolar mucosa during routine clinical assessment of six patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus. Results show the loss of normal tissue structure within the lesion, and contrast this with the clear delineation of tissue layers in adjacent inconspicuous regions. The results also demonstrate the ability of the probe to acquire a three-dimensional data volume by manually sweeping across the surface of the mucosa. The findings of this study show the feasibility of using a small, lightweight probe to identify pathological features in oral soft tissue.
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11
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Argarini R, Carter HH, Smith KJ, Naylor LH, McLaughlin RA, Green DJ. Adaptation to Exercise Training in Conduit Arteries and Cutaneous Microvessels in Humans: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1945-1957. [PMID: 33731650 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise training has antiatherogenic effects on conduit and resistance artery function and structure in humans and induces angiogenic changes in skeletal muscle. However, training-induced adaptation in cutaneous microvessels is poorly understood, partly because of technological limitations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel high-resolution imaging technique capable of visualizing cutaneous microvasculature at a resolution of ~30 μm. We utilized OCT to visualize the effects of training on cutaneous microvessels, alongside assessment of conduit artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). METHODS We assessed brachial FMD and cutaneous microcirculatory responses at rest and in response to local heating and reactive hyperemia: pretraining and posttraining in eight healthy men compared with age-matched untrained controls (n = 8). Participants in the training group underwent supervised cycling at 80% maximal heart rate three times a week for 8 wk. RESULTS We found a significant interaction (P = 0.04) whereby an increase in FMD was observed after training (post 9.83% ± 3.27% vs pre 6.97% ± 1.77%, P = 0.01), with this posttraining value higher compared with the control group (6.9% ± 2.87%, P = 0.027). FMD was not altered in the controls (P = 0.894). There was a significant interaction for OCT-derived speed (P = 0.038) whereby a significant decrease in the local disk heating response was observed after training (post 98.6 ± 3.9 μm·s-1 vs pre 102 ± 5 μm·s-1, P = 0.012), whereas no changes were observed for OCT-derived speed in the control group (P = 0.877). Other OCT responses (diameter, flow rate, and density) to local heating and reactive hyperemia were unaffected by training. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that vascular adaptation to exercise training is not uniform across all levels of the arterial tree; although exercise training improves larger artery function, this was not accompanied by unequivocal evidence for cutaneous microvascular adaptation in young healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
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Li J, Montarello NJ, Hoogendoorn A, Verjans JW, Bursill CA, Peter K, Nicholls SJ, McLaughlin RA, Psaltis PJ. Multimodality Intravascular Imaging of High-Risk Coronary Plaque. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 15:145-159. [PMID: 34023267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The majority of coronary atherothrombotic events presenting as myocardial infarction (MI) occur as a result of plaque rupture or erosion. Understanding the evolution from a stable plaque into a life-threatening, high-risk plaque is required for advancing clinical approaches to predict atherothrombotic events, and better treat coronary atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, none of the coronary imaging approaches used in clinical practice can reliably predict which plaques will cause an MI. Currently used imaging techniques mostly identify morphological features of plaques, but are not capable of detecting essential molecular characteristics known to be important drivers of future risk. To address this challenge, engineers, scientists, and clinicians have been working hand-in-hand to advance a variety of multimodality intravascular imaging techniques, whereby 2 or more complementary modalities are integrated into the same imaging catheter. Some of these have already been tested in early clinical studies, with other next-generation techniques also in development. This review examines these emerging hybrid intracoronary imaging techniques and discusses their strengths, limitations, and potential for clinical translation from both an engineering and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Montarello
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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13
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Capon PK, Horsfall AJ, Li J, Schartner EP, Khalid A, Purdey MS, McLaughlin RA, Abell AD. Protein detection enabled using functionalised silk-binding peptides on a silk-coated optical fibre. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22334-22342. [PMID: 35480827 PMCID: PMC9034238 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03584c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new approach to functionalise optical fibres to enable protein sensing, which controls the sensor molecule location either within the fibre tip coating or isolated to its exterior. This control dictates suitability for protein sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Capon
- School of Physical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
| | - Aimee J. Horsfall
- School of Physical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
| | - Jiawen Li
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
| | - Erik P. Schartner
- School of Physical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
| | - Asma Khalid
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
- Australia
- Department of Physics
- School of Science
- RMIT University
| | - Malcolm S. Purdey
- School of Physical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- School of Physical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
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Argarini R, McLaughlin RA, Joseph SZ, Naylor LH, Carter HH, Haynes A, Marsh CE, Yeap BB, Jansen SJ, Green DJ. Visualizing and quantifying cutaneous microvascular reactivity in humans by use of optical coherence tomography: impaired dilator function in diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E923-E931. [PMID: 32954827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00233.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology and time course of impairment in cutaneous microcirculatory function and structure remain poorly understood in people with diabetes, partly due to the lack of investigational tools capable of directly imaging and quantifying the microvasculature in vivo. We applied a new optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique, at rest and during reactive hyperemia (RH), to assess the skin microvasculature in people with diabetes with foot ulcers (DFU, n = 13), those with diabetes without ulcers (DNU, n = 9), and matched healthy controls (CON, n = 13). OCT images were obtained from the dorsal part of the foot at rest and following 5 min of local ischemia induced by inflating a cuff around the thigh at suprasystolic level (220 mmHg). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the OCT-derived parameters (diameter, speed, flow rate, and density) at rest and in response to RH, with repeated-measures two-way ANOVA performed to analyze main and interaction effects between groups. Data are means ± SD. At rest, microvascular diameter in the DFU (84.89 ± 14.84 µm) group was higher than CON (71.25 ± 7.6 µm, P = 0.012) and DNU (71.33 ± 12.04 µm, P = 0.019) group. Speed in DFU (65.56 ± 4.80 µm/s, P = 0.002) and DNU (63.22 ± 4.35 µm/s, P = 0.050) were higher than CON (59.58 ± 3.02 µm/s). Microvascular density in DFU (22.23 ± 13.8%) was higher than in CON (9.83 ± 2.94%, P = 0.008), but not than in the DNU group (14.8 ± 10.98%, P = 0.119). All OCT-derived parameters were significantly increased in response to RH in the CON group (all P < 0.01) and DNU group (all P < 0.05). Significant increase in the DFU group was observed in speed (P = 0.031) and density (P = 0.018). The change in density was lowest in the DFU group (44 ± 34.1%) compared with CON (199.2 ± 117.5%, P = 0.005) and DNU (148.1 ± 98.4, P = 0.054). This study proves that noninvasive OCT microvascular imaging is feasible in people with diabetes, provides powerful new physiological insights, and can distinguish between healthy individuals and patients with diabetes with distinct disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Argarini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Simon Z Joseph
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Haynes
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Channa E Marsh
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Shirley J Jansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Sir Charles Gardner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Heart and Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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15
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Argarini R, McLaughlin RA, Joseph SZ, Naylor LH, Carter HH, Yeap BB, Jansen SJ, Green DJ. Optical coherence tomography: a novel imaging approach to visualize and quantify cutaneous microvascular structure and function in patients with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001479. [PMID: 32847842 PMCID: PMC7451490 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of microvascular disease is poorly understood, partly due to the lack of tools to directly image microvessels in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we deployed a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique during local skin heating to assess microvascular structure and function in diabetics with (DFU group, n=13) and without (DNU group, n=10) foot ulceration, and healthy controls (CON group, n=13). OCT images were obtained from the dorsal foot, at baseline (33°C) and 30 min following skin heating. RESULTS At baseline, microvascular density was higher in DFU compared with CON (21.9%±11.5% vs 14.3%±5.6%, p=0.048). Local heating induced significant increases in diameter, speed, flow rate and density in all groups (all p<0.001), with smaller changes in diameter for the DFU group (94.3±13.4 µm), compared with CON group (115.5±11.7 µm, p<0.001) and DNU group (106.7±12.1 µm, p=0.014). Heating-induced flow rate was lower in the DFU group (584.3±217.0 pL/s) compared with the CON group (908.8±228.2 pL/s, p<0.001) and DNU group (768.8±198.4 pL/s, p=0.014), with changes in density also lower in the DFU group than CON group (44.7%±15.0% vs 56.5%±9.1%, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS This proof of principle study indicates that it is feasible to directly visualize and quantify microvascular function in people with diabetes; and distinguish microvascular disease severity between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Argarini
- Physiology, Airlangga University Faculty of Medicine, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Z Joseph
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shirley J Jansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Li J, Thiele S, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Verjans JW, Akers E, Bursill CA, Nicholls SJ, Herkommer AM, Giessen H, McLaughlin RA. Ultrathin monolithic 3D printed optical coherence tomography endoscopy for preclinical and clinical use. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:124. [PMID: 32704357 PMCID: PMC7371638 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical diagnostics increasingly rely on techniques to visualize internal organs at high resolution via endoscopes. Miniaturized endoscopic probes are necessary for imaging small luminal or delicate organs without causing trauma to tissue. However, current fabrication methods limit the imaging performance of highly miniaturized probes, restricting their widespread application. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel ultrathin probe fabrication technique that utilizes 3D microprinting to reliably create side-facing freeform micro-optics (<130 µm diameter) on single-mode fibers. Using this technique, we built a fully functional ultrathin aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography probe. This is the smallest freeform 3D imaging probe yet reported, with a diameter of 0.457 mm, including the catheter sheath. We demonstrated image quality and mechanical flexibility by imaging atherosclerotic human and mouse arteries. The ability to provide microstructural information with the smallest optical coherence tomography catheter opens a gateway for novel minimally invasive applications in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Simon Thiele
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Johan W. Verjans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Emma Akers
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Stephen J. Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Alois M. Herkommer
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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Smith KJ, Argarini R, Carter HH, Quirk BC, Haynes A, Naylor LH, McKirdy H, Kirk RW, McLaughlin RA, Green DJ. Novel Noninvasive Assessment of Microvascular Structure and Function in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1558-1565. [PMID: 30688767 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel high-resolution imaging technique capable of visualizing in vivo structures at a resolution of ~10 μm. We have developed specialized OCT-based approaches that quantify diameter, speed, and flow rate in human cutaneous microvessels. In this study, we hypothesized that OCT-based microvascular assessments would possess comparable levels of reliability when compared with those derived using conventional laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). METHODS Speckle decorrelation images (OCT) and red blood cell flux (LDF) measures were collected from adjacent forearm skin locations on 2 d (48 h apart), at baseline, and after a 30-min rapid local heating protocol (30°C-44°C) in eight healthy young individuals. OCT postprocessing quantified cutaneous microvascular diameter, speed, flow rate, and density (vessel recruitment) within a region of interest, and data were compared between days. RESULTS Forearm skin LDF (13 ± 4 to 182 ± 31 AU, P < 0.05) and OCT-derived diameter (41.8 ± 6.6 vs 64.5 ± 6.9 μm), speed (68.4 ± 9.5 vs 89.0 ± 7.3 μm·s), flow rate (145.0 ± 60.6 vs 485 ± 132 pL·s), and density (9.9% ± 4.9% vs 45.4% ± 5.9%) increased in response to local heating. The average OCT-derived microvascular flow response (pL·s) to heating (234% increase) was lower (P < 0.05) than the LDF-derived change (AU) (1360% increase). Pearson correlation was significant for between-day local heating responses in terms of OCT flow (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), but not LDF (P = 0.49). Bland-Altman analysis revealed that between-day baseline OCT-derived flow rates were less variable than LDF-derived flux. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that OCT, which directly visualizes human microvessels, not only allows microvascular quantification of diameter, speed, flow rate, and vessel recruitment but also provides outputs that are highly reproducible. OCT is a promising novel approach that enables a comprehensive assessment of cutaneous microvascular structure and function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J Smith
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Science, Lakehead University, Thunderbay, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Raden Argarini
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, INDONESIA
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - Bryden C Quirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - Andrew Haynes
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - Hamish McKirdy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA.,School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
| | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA
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Argarini R, Smith KJ, Carter HH, Naylor LH, McLaughlin RA, Green DJ. Visualizing and quantifying the impact of reactive hyperemia on cutaneous microvessels in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:17-24. [PMID: 31725361 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00583.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying reactive hyperemia (RH) responses in microvessels are poorly understood. Previous assessment tools have not been capable of directly visualizing microvessels during physiological stimulation in humans. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of imaging and quantifying subcutaneous microvessels as small as ~30 µm. In this study we use OCT to visualize and quantify skin microvascular changes in response to RH for the first time in humans. We also assessed the reproducibility of this technique. OCT and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were used simultaneously to scan cutaneous microvessels in 10 young healthy subjects on 2 days. We applied a speckle decorrelation algorithm to assess OCT images and calculated flow rate, speed, diameter, and density parameters. Measures were obtained at rest (baseline) and 30-s following a 5-min cuff inflation (RH). All data were compared between days. The RH stimulus significantly increased (P < 0.0001) OCT-derived microvascular diameter (37.6 ± 3.4 vs. 44.5 ± 5.2 µm), flow rate (82.4 ± 23.4 vs. 240.1 ± 58.6 pl/s), speed (48 ± 5.7 vs. 101.5 ± 17.1 µm/s), density (5.1 ± 1.7 vs. 14.6 ± 2.6%), and also LDF-derived flux (12.3 ± 5.7 vs. 31.6 ± 9.1 perfusion units). At baseline, OCT-derived diameter (r = 0.55), flow rate (r = 0.64), speed (r = 0.55), and density (r = 0.75) showed significant between-day correlations (P < 0.05), as did LDF results (r = 0.74). In response to RH, OCT-derived diameter (r = 0.63) and density (r = 0.64) showed significant correlations (P < 0.05), whereas flow rate (r = 0.45), speed (r = 0.43), and LDF (r = 0.26) were less reproducible. Our study is novel in that it establishes the feasibility of using OCT to visualize and quantify microvascular structure and function responses to RH in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study describes the first evidence in humans that optical coherence tomography provides direct visualization and comprehensive quantification of cutaneous microvascular hemodynamics as a response to reactive hyperemia. This imaging technique will greatly improve human cutaneous microvascular assessment in physiological and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Argarini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kurt J Smith
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Lakehead University Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Argarini R, McLaughlin RA, Naylor LH, Carter HH, Green DJ. Assessment of the human cutaneous microvasculature using optical coherence tomography: Proving Harvey's proof. Microcirculation 2019; 27:e12594. [PMID: 31585482 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
William Harvey proved the circulation of blood 400 years ago using a combination of ligature application and astute observation that presaged the existence of capillaries. Here we report findings, based on our development of a novel application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), that directly confirm the impact of cuff inflation on microvessels as small as ~30µm. By emulating Harvey's proofs, using cuff inflation at low pressure in the presence and absence of skin heating, we have imaged and quantified significant effects on microvascular diameter and density in humans in vivo. The application of cuff pressure significantly increased microvascular diameter (40.5 ± 4.6 vs 47.1 ± 3.9 µm, P = .01) and density (8.33 ± 4.3 vs 15.1 ± 4.9%, P < .01). These impacts were reversed by cuff deflation. Our study also showed the profound impacts of skin heating on microvessel diameter (46.7 ± 5.8 vs 70.6 ± 7.8 µm, P < .01) and density (14.2 ± 6.5 vs 43.2 ± 9%, P < .01) in vivo, which were further exacerbated by cuff inflation. Our approach to the direct visualization of the human skin microvasculature is non-invasive, safe, and easily applied. Future experiments might be directed at questions of microvascular physiology and pathophysiology, such as how different mammals thermoregulate and what impacts cardiovascular disease and diabetes have on microvascular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Argarini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Howard H Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Ho LA, Scolaro L, Thomas E, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, McLaughlin RA, Fuller RO. Developing Tamoxifen-Based Chemical Probes for Use with a Dual-Modality Fluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Needle. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Ramakonar H, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Li J, Jacques A, Lind CRP, McLaughlin RA. Intraoperative detection of blood vessels with an imaging needle during neurosurgery in humans. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaav4992. [PMID: 30585293 PMCID: PMC6300404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage can be a devastating complication associated with needle biopsies of the brain. Hemorrhage can occur to vessels located adjacent to the biopsy needle as tissue is aspirated into the needle and removed. No intraoperative technology exists to reliably identify blood vessels that are at risk of damage. To address this problem, we developed an "imaging needle" that can visualize nearby blood vessels in real time. The imaging needle contains a miniaturized optical coherence tomography probe that allows differentiation of blood flow and tissue. In 11 patients, we were able to intraoperatively detect blood vessels (diameter, >500 μm) with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 97.7%. This is the first reported use of an optical coherence tomography needle probe in human brain in vivo. These results suggest that imaging needles may serve as a valuable tool in a range of neurosurgical needle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ramakonar
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jiawen Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher R. P. Lind
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Li J, Fejes P, Lorenser D, Quirk BC, Noble PB, Kirk RW, Orth A, Wood FM, Gibson BC, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Two-photon polymerisation 3D printed freeform micro-optics for optical coherence tomography fibre probes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14789. [PMID: 30287830 PMCID: PMC6172275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniaturised optical coherence tomography (OCT) fibre-optic probes have enabled high-resolution cross-sectional imaging deep within the body. However, existing OCT fibre-optic probe fabrication methods cannot generate miniaturised freeform optics, which limits our ability to fabricate probes with both complex optical function and dimensions comparable to the optical fibre diameter. Recently, major advances in two-photon direct laser writing have enabled 3D printing of arbitrary three-dimensional micro/nanostructures with a surface roughness acceptable for optical applications. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of 3D printing of OCT probes. We evaluate the capability of this method based on a series of characterisation experiments. We report fabrication of a micro-optic containing an off-axis paraboloidal total internal reflecting surface, its integration as part of a common-path OCT probe, and demonstrate proof-of-principle imaging of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Peter Fejes
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Lab, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Bryden C Quirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Antony Orth
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Lab, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Li J, Schartner E, Musolino S, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, McLaughlin RA. Miniaturized single-fiber-based needle probe for combined imaging and sensing in deep tissue. Opt Lett 2018; 43:1682-1685. [PMID: 29652339 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to visualize structure while simultaneously measuring chemical or physical properties of a biological tissue has the potential to improve our understanding of complex biological processes. We report the first miniaturized single-fiber-based imaging+sensing probe capable of simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and temperature sensing. An OCT lens is fabricated at the distal end of a double-clad fiber, including a thin layer of rare-earth-doped tellurite glass to enable temperature measurements. The high refractive index of the tellurite glass enables a common-path interferometer configuration for OCT, allowing easy exchange of probes for biomedical applications. The simultaneous imaging+sensing capability is demonstrated on rat brains.
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Tan LK, McLaughlin RA, Lim E, Abdul Aziz YF, Liew YM. Fully automated segmentation of the left ventricle in cine cardiac MRI using neural network regression. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:140-152. [PMID: 29316024 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricle (LV) structure and functions are the primary assessment performed in most clinical cardiac MRI protocols. Fully automated LV segmentation might improve the efficiency and reproducibility of clinical assessment. PURPOSE To develop and validate a fully automated neural network regression-based algorithm for segmentation of the LV in cardiac MRI, with full coverage from apex to base across all cardiac phases, utilizing both short axis (SA) and long axis (LA) scans. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional survey; diagnostic accuracy. SUBJECTS In all, 200 subjects with coronary artery diseases and regional wall motion abnormalities from the public 2011 Left Ventricle Segmentation Challenge (LVSC) database; 1140 subjects with a mix of normal and abnormal cardiac functions from the public Kaggle Second Annual Data Science Bowl database. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T, steady-state free precession. ASSESSMENT Reference standard data generated by experienced cardiac radiologists. Quantitative measurement and comparison via Jaccard and Dice index, modified Hausdorff distance (MHD), and blood volume. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-tests compared to previous work. RESULTS Tested against the LVSC database, we obtained 0.77 ± 0.11 (Jaccard index) and 1.33 ± 0.71 mm (MHD), both metrics demonstrating statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) compared to previous work. Tested against the Kaggle database, the signed difference in evaluated blood volume was +7.2 ± 13.0 mL and -19.8 ± 18.8 mL for the end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) phases, respectively, with a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) for the ED phase. DATA CONCLUSION A fully automated LV segmentation algorithm was developed and validated against a diverse set of cardiac cine MRI data sourced from multiple imaging centers and scanner types. The strong performance overall is suggestive of practical clinical utility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kuo Tan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Einly Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yang Faridah Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yih Miin Liew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yong YL, Tan LK, McLaughlin RA, Chee KH, Liew YM. Linear-regression convolutional neural network for fully automated coronary lumen segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:1-9. [PMID: 29274144 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality commonly used in the assessment of coronary artery diseases during percutaneous coronary intervention. Manual segmentation to assess luminal stenosis from OCT pullback scans is challenging and time consuming. We propose a linear-regression convolutional neural network to automatically perform vessel lumen segmentation, parameterized in terms of radial distances from the catheter centroid in polar space. Benchmarked against gold-standard manual segmentation, our proposed algorithm achieves average locational accuracy of the vessel wall of 22 microns, and 0.985 and 0.970 in Dice coefficient and Jaccard similarity index, respectively. The average absolute error of luminal area estimation is 1.38%. The processing rate is 40.6 ms per image, suggesting the potential to be incorporated into a clinical workflow and to provide quantitative assessment of vessel lumen in an intraoperative time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling Yong
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Kuo Tan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Australian, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), Adelaide, Australia
- University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Western, Australia
| | - Kok Han Chee
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yih Miin Liew
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Tan LK, Liew YM, Lim E, Abdul Aziz YF, Chee KH, McLaughlin RA. Automatic localization of the left ventricular blood pool centroid in short axis cardiac cine MR images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 56:1053-1062. [PMID: 29147835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop and validate an open source, fully automatic algorithm to localize the left ventricular (LV) blood pool centroid in short axis cardiac cine MR images, enabling follow-on automated LV segmentation algorithms. The algorithm comprises four steps: (i) quantify motion to determine an initial region of interest surrounding the heart, (ii) identify potential 2D objects of interest using an intensity-based segmentation, (iii) assess contraction/expansion, circularity, and proximity to lung tissue to score all objects of interest in terms of their likelihood of constituting part of the LV, and (iv) aggregate the objects into connected groups and construct the final LV blood pool volume and centroid. This algorithm was tested against 1140 datasets from the Kaggle Second Annual Data Science Bowl, as well as 45 datasets from the STACOM 2009 Cardiac MR Left Ventricle Segmentation Challenge. Correct LV localization was confirmed in 97.3% of the datasets. The mean absolute error between the gold standard and localization centroids was 2.8 to 4.7 mm, or 12 to 22% of the average endocardial radius. Graphical abstract Fully automated localization of the left ventricular blood pool in short axis cardiac cine MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kuo Tan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yih Miin Liew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Einly Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yang Faridah Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Han Chee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Li J, Quirk BC, Noble PB, Kirk RW, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Flexible needle with integrated optical coherence tomography probe for imaging during transbronchial tissue aspiration. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:1-5. [PMID: 29022301 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of small lesions or lymph nodes in the lung may result in nondiagnostic tissue samples. We demonstrate the integration of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe into a 19-gauge flexible needle for lung tissue aspiration. This probe allows simultaneous visualization and aspiration of the tissue. By eliminating the need for insertion and withdrawal of a separate imaging probe, this integrated design minimizes the risk of dislodging the needle from the lesion prior to aspiration and may facilitate more accurate placement of the needle. Results from in situ imaging in a sheep lung show clear distinction between solid tissue and two typical constituents of nondiagnostic samples (adipose and lung parenchyma). Clinical translation of this OCT-guided aspiration needle holds promise for improving the diagnostic yield of TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence fo, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bryden C Quirk
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence fo, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Neonatal Researc, Australia
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence fo, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Perth, Wester, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence fo, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Tan LK, Liew YM, Lim E, McLaughlin RA. Convolutional neural network regression for short-axis left ventricle segmentation in cardiac cine MR sequences. Med Image Anal 2017; 39:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Es’haghian S, Kennedy KM, Gong P, Li Q, Chin L, Wijesinghe P, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy BF. In vivo volumetric quantitative micro-elastography of human skin. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2458-2471. [PMID: 28663884 PMCID: PMC5480491 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate in vivo volumetric quantitative micro-elastography of human skin. Elasticity is estimated at each point in the captured volume by combining local axial strain measured in the skin with local axial stress estimated at the skin surface. This is achieved by utilizing phase-sensitive detection to measure axial displacements resulting from compressive loading of the skin and an overlying, compliant, transparent layer with known stress/strain behavior. We use an imaging probe head that provides optical coherence tomography imaging and compression from the same direction. We demonstrate our technique on a tissue phantom containing a rigid inclusion, and present in vivo elastograms acquired from locations on the hand, wrist, forearm and leg of human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Es’haghian
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kelsey M. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peijun Gong
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qingyun Li
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Es'haghian S, Gong P, Chin L, Harms KA, Murray A, Rea S, Kennedy BF, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Investigation of optical attenuation imaging using optical coherence tomography for monitoring of scars undergoing fractional laser treatment. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:511-522. [PMID: 27243584 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of the near-infrared attenuation coefficient, measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in longitudinal assessment of hypertrophic burn scars undergoing fractional laser treatment. The measurement method incorporates blood vessel detection by speckle decorrelation and masking, and a robust regression estimator to produce 2D en face parametric images of the attenuation coefficient of the dermis. Through reliable co-location of the field of view across pre- and post-treatment imaging sessions, the study was able to quantify changes in the attenuation coefficient of the dermis over a period of ∼20 weeks in seven patients. Minimal variation was observed in the mean attenuation coefficient of normal skin and control (untreated) mature scars, as expected. However, a significant decrease (13 ± 5%, mean ± standard deviation) was observed in the treated mature scars, resulting in a greater distinction from normal skin in response to localized damage from the laser treatment. By contrast, we observed an increase in the mean attenuation coefficient of treated (31 ± 27%) and control (27 ± 20%) immature scars, with numerical values incrementally approaching normal skin as the healing progressed. This pilot study supports conducting a more extensive investigation of OCT attenuation imaging for quantitative longitudinal monitoring of scars. En face 2D OCT attenuation coefficient map of a treated immature scar derived from the pre-treatment (top) and the post-treatment (bottom) scans. (Vasculature (black) is masked out.) The scale bars are 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peijun Gong
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009
| | - Karl-Anton Harms
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Murray
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Gong P, Es’haghian S, Harms KA, Murray A, Rea S, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. In vivo label-free lymphangiography of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in human burn scars using optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4886-4898. [PMID: 28018713 PMCID: PMC5175539 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an automated, label-free method for lymphangiography of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in humans in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method corrects for the variation in OCT signal due to the confocal function and sensitivity fall-off of a spectral-domain OCT system and utilizes a single-scattering model to compensate for A-scan signal attenuation to enable reliable thresholding of lymphatic vessels. A segment-joining algorithm is then incorporated into the method to mitigate partial-volume effects with small vessels. The lymphatic vessel images are augmented with images of the blood vessel network, acquired from the speckle decorrelation with additional weighting to differentiate blood vessels from the observed high decorrelation in lymphatic vessels. We demonstrate the method with longitudinal scans of human burn scar patients undergoing ablative fractional laser treatment, showing the visualization of the cutaneous lymphatic and blood vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Es’haghian
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Karl-Anton Harms
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Murray
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Kennedy KM, Chin L, Wijesinghe P, McLaughlin RA, Latham B, Sampson DD, Saunders CM, Kennedy BF. Investigation of optical coherence micro-elastography as a method to visualize micro-architecture in human axillary lymph nodes. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:874. [PMID: 27829404 PMCID: PMC5103493 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of lymph node involvement is an important factor in detecting metastasis and deciding whether to perform axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer surgery. As ALND is associated with potentially severe long term morbidity, the accuracy of lymph node assessment is imperative in avoiding unnecessary ALND. The mechanical properties of malignant lymph nodes are often distinct from those of normal nodes. A method to image the micro-scale mechanical properties of lymph nodes could, thus, provide diagnostic information to aid in the assessment of lymph node involvement in metastatic cancer. In this study, we scan axillary lymph nodes, freshly excised from breast cancer patients, with optical coherence micro-elastography (OCME), a method of imaging micro-scale mechanical strain, to assess its potential for the intraoperative assessment of lymph node involvement. Methods Twenty-six fresh, unstained lymph nodes were imaged from 15 patients undergoing mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with axillary clearance. Lymph node specimens were bisected to allow imaging of the internal face of each node. Co-located OCME and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were taken of each sample, and the results compared to standard post-operative hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histology. Results The optical backscattering signal provided by OCT alone may not provide reliable differentiation by inspection between benign and malignant lymphoid tissue. Alternatively, OCME highlights local changes in tissue strain that correspond to malignancy and are distinct from strain patterns in benign lymphoid tissue. The mechanical contrast provided by OCME complements the optical contrast provided by OCT and aids in the differentiation of malignant tumor from uninvolved lymphoid tissue. Conclusion The combination of OCME and OCT images represents a promising method for the identification of malignant lymphoid tissue. This method shows potential to provide intraoperative assessment of lymph node involvement, thus, preventing unnecessary removal of uninvolved tissues and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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33
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Ho LA, Thomas E, McLaughlin RA, Flematti GR, Fuller RO. A new selective fluorescent probe based on tamoxifen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4879-4883. [PMID: 27662800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing targeted validation probes that can interrogate biology is of interest for both chemists and biologists. The synthesis of suitable compounds provides a means for avoiding the costly labeling of cells with specific antibodies and the bias associated with the interpretation of biological validation experiments. The chemotherapeutic agent, tamoxifen has been routinely used in the treatment of breast cancer for decades. Once metabolized, the active form of tamoxifen (4-hydroxytamoxifen) competes with the binding of estrogens to the estrogen receptors (ER). Its selectivity in ER modulation makes it an ideal candidate for the development of materials to be used as chemical probes. Here we report the synthesis of a fluorescent BODIPY®FL conjugate of tamoxifen linked through an ethylene glycol moiety, and present proof-of-principle results in ER positive and ER negative cell lines. Optical microscopy indicates that the fluorescent probe binds selectively to tamoxifen sensitive breast cancer cell lines. The compound showed no affinity for the tamoxifen resistant breast cancer lines. The specificity of the new compound make it a valuable addition to the chemical probe tool kit for estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A Ho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry M310, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- School of Surgery M507, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Center, Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry M310, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rebecca O Fuller
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry M310, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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34
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Carter HH, Gong P, Kirk RW, Es'haghian S, Atkinson CL, Sampson DD, Green DJ, McLaughlin RA. Optical coherence tomography in the assessment of acute changes in cutaneous vascular diameter induced by heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:965-972. [PMID: 27586840 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00918.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited imaging technologies available that can accurately assess or provide surrogate markers of the in vivo cutaneous microvessel network in humans. In this study, we establish the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a novel imaging technique to assess acute changes in cutaneous microvessel area density and diameter in humans. OCT speckle decorrelation images of the skin on the ventral side of the forearm up to a depth of 500 μm were obtained prior to and following 20-25 min of lower limb heating in eight healthy men [30.3 ± 7.6 (SD) yr]. Skin red blood cell flux was also collected using laser Doppler flowmetry probes immediately adjacent to the OCT skin sites, along with skin temperature. OCT speckle decorrelation images were obtained at both baseline and heating time points. Forearm skin flux increased significantly (0.20 ± 0.15 to 1.75 ± 0.38 cutaneous vascular conductance, P < 0.01), along with forearm skin temperature (32.0 ± 1.2 to 34.3 ± 1.0°C, P < 0.01). Quantitative differences in the automated calculation of vascular area densities (26 ± 9 to 49 ± 19%, P < 0.01) and individual microvessel diameters (68 ± 17 to 105 ± 25 μm, P < 0.01) were evident following the heating session. This is the first in vivo within-subject assessment of acute changes in the cutaneous microvasculature in response to heating in humans and highlights the use of OCT as an exciting new imaging approach for skin physiology and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Carter
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peijun Gong
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney W Kirk
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ceri L Atkinson
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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35
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Gong P, Es'haghian S, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Optical coherence tomography angiography for longitudinal monitoring of vascular changes in human cutaneous burns. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:722-4. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory; School of Electrical; Electronic & Computer Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory; School of Electrical; Electronic & Computer Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia; Fiona Stanley Hospital; Murdoch WA Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit; School of Surgery; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory; School of Electrical; Electronic & Computer Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Centre for Microscopy; Characterisation & Analysis; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory; School of Electrical; Electronic & Computer Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
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36
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Villiger M, Lorenser D, McLaughlin RA, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Bouma BE, Sampson DD. Deep tissue volume imaging of birefringence through fibre-optic needle probes for the delineation of breast tumour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28771. [PMID: 27364229 PMCID: PMC4929466 DOI: 10.1038/srep28771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumour margins during breast-conserving surgeries is a persistent challenge. We have previously developed miniature needle probes that could enable intraoperative volume imaging with optical coherence tomography. In many situations, however, scattering contrast alone is insufficient to clearly identify and delineate malignant regions. Additional polarization-sensitive measurements provide the means to assess birefringence, which is elevated in oriented collagen fibres and may offer an intrinsic biomarker to differentiate tumour from benign tissue. Here, we performed polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography through miniature imaging needles and developed an algorithm to efficiently reconstruct images of the depth-resolved tissue birefringence free of artefacts. First ex vivo imaging of breast tumour samples revealed excellent contrast between lowly birefringent malignant regions, and stromal tissue, which is rich in oriented collagen and exhibits higher birefringence, as confirmed with co-located histology. The ability to clearly differentiate between tumour and uninvolved stroma based on intrinsic contrast could prove decisive for the intraoperative assessment of tumour margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villiger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dirk Lorenser
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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37
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Gong P, Es'haghian S, Harms KA, Murray A, Rea S, Kennedy BF, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Optical coherence tomography for longitudinal monitoring of vasculature in scars treated with laser fractionation. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:626-36. [PMID: 26260918 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first in vivo longitudinal assessment of scar vasculature in ablative fractional laser treatment using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A method based on OCT speckle decorrelation was developed to visualize and quantify the scar vasculature over the treatment period. Through reliable co-location of the imaging field of view across multiple imaging sessions, and compensation for motion artifact, the study was able to track the same scar tissue over a period of several months, and quantify changes in the vasculature area density. The results show incidences of occlusion of individual vessels 3 days after the first treatment. The subsequent responses ˜20 weeks after the initial treatment show differences between immature and mature scars. Image analysis showed a distinct decrease (25 ± 13%, mean ± standard deviation) and increase (19 ± 5%) of vasculature area density for the immature and mature scars, respectively. This study establishes the feasibility of OCT imaging for quantitative longitudinal monitoring of vasculature in scar treatment. En face optical coherence tomography vasculature images pre-treatment (top) and ˜20 weeks after the first laser treatment (bottom) of a mature burn scar. Arrows mark the same vessel pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Karl-Anton Harms
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Murray
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth WA, 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth WA, 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia
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Kennedy KM, Chin L, McLaughlin RA, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF. Quantitative micro-elastography: imaging of tissue elasticity using compression optical coherence elastography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15538. [PMID: 26503225 PMCID: PMC4622092 DOI: 10.1038/srep15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Probing the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale could aid in the identification of diseased tissues that are inadequately detected using palpation or current clinical imaging modalities, with potential to guide medical procedures such as the excision of breast tumours. Compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) maps tissue strain with microscale spatial resolution and can delineate microstructural features within breast tissues. However, without a measure of the locally applied stress, strain provides only a qualitative indication of mechanical properties. To overcome this limitation, we present quantitative micro-elastography, which combines compression OCE with a compliant stress sensor to image tissue elasticity. The sensor consists of a layer of translucent silicone with well-characterized stress-strain behaviour. The measured strain in the sensor is used to estimate the two-dimensional stress distribution applied to the sample surface. Elasticity is determined by dividing the stress by the strain in the sample. We show that quantification of elasticity can improve the ability of compression OCE to distinguish between tissues, thereby extending the potential for inter-sample comparison and longitudinal studies of tissue elasticity. We validate the technique using tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrate the ability to map elasticity of freshly excised malignant and benign human breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation &Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Kennedy BF, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy KM, Chin L, Wijesinghe P, Curatolo A, Tien A, Ronald M, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD. Investigation of Optical Coherence Microelastography as a Method to Visualize Cancers in Human Breast Tissue. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3236-45. [PMID: 26122840 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An accurate intraoperative identification of malignant tissue is a challenge in the surgical management of breast cancer. Imaging techniques that help address this challenge could contribute to more complete and accurate tumor excision, and thereby help reduce the current high reexcision rates without resorting to the removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence microelastography (OCME) is a three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging technique that is sensitive to microscale variations of the mechanical properties of tissue. As the tumor modifies the mechanical properties of breast tissue, OCME has the potential to identify, on the microscale, involved regions of fresh, unstained tissue. OCME is based on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure tissue deformation in response to applied mechanical compression. In this feasibility study on 58 ex vivo samples from patients undergoing mastectomy or wide local excision, we demonstrate the performance of OCME as a means to visualize tissue microarchitecture in benign and malignant human breast tissues. Through a comparison with corresponding histology and OCT images, OCME is shown to enable ready visualization of features such as ducts, lobules, microcysts, blood vessels, and arterioles and to identify invasive tumor through distinctive patterns in OCME images, often with enhanced contrast compared with OCT. These results lay the foundation for future intraoperative studies. Cancer Res; 75(16); 3236-45. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan Tien
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maxine Ronald
- Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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McLaughlin RA, Noble PB, Sampson DD. Optical coherence tomography in respiratory science and medicine: from airways to alveoli. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:369-80. [PMID: 25180266 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography is a rapidly maturing optical imaging technology, enabling study of the in vivo structure of lung tissue at a scale of tens of micrometers. It has been used to assess the layered structure of airway walls, quantify both airway lumen caliber and compliance, and image individual alveoli. This article provides an overview of the technology and reviews its capability to provide new insights into respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical & Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, and Centre for Neonatal Research & Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; and
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical & Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Scolaro L, Lorenser D, Madore WJ, Kirk RW, Kramer AS, Yeoh GC, Godbout N, Sampson DD, Boudoux C, McLaughlin RA. Molecular imaging needles: dual-modality optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging of labeled antibodies deep in tissue. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:1767-81. [PMID: 26137379 PMCID: PMC4467702 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging using optical techniques provides insight into disease at the cellular level. In this paper, we report on a novel dual-modality probe capable of performing molecular imaging by combining simultaneous three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two-dimensional fluorescence imaging in a hypodermic needle. The probe, referred to as a molecular imaging (MI) needle, may be inserted tens of millimeters into tissue. The MI needle utilizes double-clad fiber to carry both imaging modalities, and is interfaced to a 1310-nm OCT system and a fluorescence imaging subsystem using an asymmetrical double-clad fiber coupler customized to achieve high fluorescence collection efficiency. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first dual-modality OCT and fluorescence needle probe with sufficient sensitivity to image fluorescently labeled antibodies. Such probes enable high-resolution molecular imaging deep within tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Scolaro
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dirk Lorenser
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anne S. Kramer
- Centre for Medical Research, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - George C. Yeoh
- Centre for Medical Research, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Jahanzad Z, Liew YM, Bilgen M, McLaughlin RA, Leong CO, Chee KH, Aziz YFA, Ung NM, Lai KW, Ng SC, Lim E. Regional assessment of LV wall in infarcted heart using tagged MRI and cardiac modelling. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4015-31. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Liew YM, McLaughlin RA, Chan BT, Aziz YFA, Chee KH, Ung NM, Tan LK, Lai KW, Ng S, Lim E. Motion corrected LV quantification based on 3D modelling for improved functional assessment in cardiac MRI. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:2715-33. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/7/2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ansell TK, McFawn PK, McLaughlin RA, Sampson DD, Eastwood PR, Hillman DR, Mitchell HW, Noble PB. Does smooth muscle in an intact airway undergo length adaptation during a sustained change in transmural pressure? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:533-43. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00724.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In isolated airway smooth muscle (ASM) strips, an increase or decrease in ASM length away from its current optimum length causes an immediate reduction in force production followed by a gradual time-dependent recovery in force, a phenomenon termed length adaptation. In situ, length adaptation may be initiated by a change in transmural pressure (Ptm), which is a primary physiological determinant of ASM length. The present study sought to determine the effect of sustained changes in Ptm and therefore, ASM perimeter, on airway function. We measured contractile responses in whole porcine bronchial segments in vitro before and after a sustained inflation from a baseline Ptm of 5 cmH2O to 25 cmH2O, or deflation to −5 cmH2O, for ∼50 min in each case. In one group of airways, lumen narrowing and stiffening in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were assessed from volume and pressure signals using a servo-controlled syringe pump with pressure feedback. In a second group of airways, lumen narrowing and the perimeter of the ASM in situ were determined by anatomical optical coherence tomography. In a third group of airways, active tension was determined under isovolumic conditions. Both inflation and deflation reduced the contractile response to EFS. Sustained Ptm change resulted in a further decrease in contractile response, which returned to baseline levels upon return to the baseline Ptm. These findings reaffirm the importance of Ptm in regulating airway narrowing. However, they do not support a role for ASM length adaptation in situ under physiological levels of ASM lengthening and shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Ansell
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter K. McFawn
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R. Eastwood
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - David R. Hillman
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Howard W. Mitchell
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B. Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
We demonstrate imaging of soft tissue viscoelasticity using optical coherence elastography. Viscoelastic creep deformation is induced in tissue using step-like compressive loading and the resulting time-varying deformation is measured using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. From a series of co-located B-scans, we estimate the local strain rate as a function of time, and parameterize it using a four-parameter Kelvin-Voigt model of viscoelastic creep. The estimated viscoelastic strain and time constant are used to visualize viscoelastic creep in 2D, dual-parameter viscoelastograms. We demonstrate our technique on six silicone tissue-simulating phantoms spanning a range of viscoelastic parameters. As an example in soft tissue, we report viscoelastic contrast between muscle and connective tissue in fresh, ex vivo rat gastrocnemius muscle and mouse abdominal transection. Imaging viscoelastic creep deformation has the potential to provide complementary contrast to existing imaging modalities, and may provide greater insight into disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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46
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Es'haghian S, Kennedy KM, Gong P, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy BF. Optical palpation in vivo: imaging human skin lesions using mechanical contrast. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:16013. [PMID: 25588164 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.1.016013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first application of the recently proposed method of optical palpation to in vivo imaging of human skin. Optical palpation is a tactile imaging technique that probes the spatial variation of a sample's mechanical properties by producing an en face map of stress measured at the sample surface. This map is determined from the thickness of a translucent, compliant stress sensor placed between a loading element and the sample and is measured using optical coherence tomography. We assess the performance of optical palpation using a handheld imaging probe on skin-mimicking phantoms, and demonstrate its use on human skin lesions. Our results demonstrate the capacity of optical palpation to delineate the boundaries of lesions and to map the mechanical contrast between lesions and the surrounding normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kelsey M Kennedy
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Peijun Gong
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, AustraliabThe University of Western Australia, Centre for Micr
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Gong P, Chin L, Es'haghian S, Liew YM, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. Imaging of skin birefringence for human scar assessment using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography aided by vascular masking. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:126014. [PMID: 25539060 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the in vivo assessment of human scars by parametric imaging of birefringence using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Such in vivo assessment is subject to artifacts in the detected birefringence caused by scattering from blood vessels. To reduce these artifacts, we preprocessed the PS-OCT data using a vascular masking technique. The birefringence of the remaining tissue regions was then automatically quantified. Results from the scars and contralateral or adjacent normal skin of 13 patients show a correspondence of birefringence with scar type: the ratio of birefringence of hypertrophic scars to corresponding normal skin is 2.2 ± 0.2 (mean ± standard deviation ), while the ratio of birefringence of normotrophic scars to normal skin is 1.1 ± 0.4 . This method represents a new clinically applicable means for objective, quantitative human scar assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Es'haghian
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yih Miin Liew
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Royal Perth Hospital, Burns Service of Western Australia, Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, AustraliadThe University of Western Australia, School of Surgery, Burn Injury Research Unit, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009
| | - David D Sampson
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, AustraliaeThe University of Western Australia, Centre for Micr
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Chin L, Kennedy BF, Kennedy KM, Wijesinghe P, Pinniger GJ, Terrill JR, McLaughlin RA, Sampson DD. Three-dimensional optical coherence micro-elastography of skeletal muscle tissue. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:3090-102. [PMID: 25401023 PMCID: PMC4230882 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In many muscle pathologies, impairment of skeletal muscle function is closely linked to changes in the mechanical properties of the muscle constituents. Optical coherence micro-elastography (OCME) uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of tissue under a quasi-static, compressive mechanical load to map variations in tissue mechanical properties on the micro-scale. We present the first study of OCME on skeletal muscle tissue. We show that this technique can resolve features of muscle tissue including fibers, fascicles and tendon, and can also detect necrotic lesions in skeletal muscle from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In many instances, OCME provides better or additional contrast complementary to that provided by OCT. These results suggest that OCME could provide new understanding and opportunity for assessment of skeletal muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Chin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelsey M. Kennedy
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Gavin J. Pinniger
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Chin L, Curatolo A, Kennedy BF, Doyle BJ, Munro PRT, McLaughlin RA, Sampson DD. Analysis of image formation in optical coherence elastography using a multiphysics approach. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:2913-30. [PMID: 25401007 PMCID: PMC4230875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
IMAGE FORMATION IN OPTICAL COHERENCE ELASTOGRAPHY (OCE) RESULTS FROM A COMBINATION OF TWO PROCESSES: the mechanical deformation imparted to the sample and the detection of the resulting displacement using optical coherence tomography (OCT). We present a multiphysics model of these processes, validated by simulating strain elastograms acquired using phase-sensitive compression OCE, and demonstrating close correspondence with experimental results. Using the model, we present evidence that the approximation commonly used to infer sample displacement in phase-sensitive OCE is invalidated for smaller deformations than has been previously considered, significantly affecting the measurement precision, as quantified by the displacement sensitivity and the elastogram signal-to-noise ratio. We show how the precision of OCE is affected not only by OCT shot-noise, as is usually considered, but additionally by phase decorrelation due to the sample deformation. This multiphysics model provides a general framework that could be used to compare and contrast different OCE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Chin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J. Doyle
- Vascular Engineering, Intelligent Systems for Medicine Laboratory, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter R. T. Munro
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Kennedy BF, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy KM, Chin L, Curatolo A, Tien A, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD. Optical coherence micro-elastography: mechanical-contrast imaging of tissue microstructure. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:2113-24. [PMID: 25071952 PMCID: PMC4102352 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present optical coherence micro-elastography, an improved form of compression optical coherence elastography. We demonstrate the capacity of this technique to produce en face images, closely corresponding with histology, that reveal micro-scale mechanical contrast in human breast and lymph node tissues. We use phase-sensitive, three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) to probe the nanometer-to-micrometer-scale axial displacements in tissues induced by compressive loading. Optical coherence micro-elastography incorporates common-path interferometry, weighted averaging of the complex OCT signal and weighted least-squares regression. Using three-dimensional phase unwrapping, we have increased the maximum detectable strain eleven-fold over no unwrapping and the minimum detectable strain is 2.6 με. We demonstrate the potential of mechanical over optical contrast for visualizing micro-scale tissue structures in human breast cancer pathology and lymph node morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kelsey M. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan Tien
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Christobel M. Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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