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Pérez-Pacheco A, Ramírez-Chavarría RG, Quispe-Siccha RM, Colín-García MP. Dynamic modeling of photoacoustic sensor data to classify human blood samples. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:389-403. [PMID: 37880558 PMCID: PMC10794472 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic effect is an attractive tool for diagnosis in several biomedical applications. Analyzing photoacoustic signals, however, is challenging to provide qualitative results in an automated way. In this work, we introduce a dynamic modeling scheme of photoacoustic sensor data to classify blood samples according to their physiological status. Thirty-five whole human blood samples were studied with a state-space model estimated by a subspace method. Furthermore, the samples are classified using the model parameters and the linear discriminant analysis algorithm. The classification performance is compared with time- and frequency-domain features and an autoregressive-moving-average model. As a result, the proposed analysis can predict five blood classes: healthy women and men, microcytic and macrocytic anemia, and leukemia. Our findings indicate that the proposed method outperforms conventional signal processing techniques to analyze photoacoustic data for medical diagnosis. Hence, the method is a promising tool in point-of-care devices to detect hematological diseases in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argelia Pérez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, 06720, Cuauhtémoc, Doctores, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Roberto G Ramírez-Chavarría
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rosa M Quispe-Siccha
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, 06720, Cuauhtémoc, Doctores, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco P Colín-García
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
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Ramírez-Chavarría RG, Pérez-Pacheco A, Terán E, Quispe-Siccha RM. Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Applying Physical-Mechanical Methods and Dynamic Models of Photoacoustic Signals. Gels 2023; 9:727. [PMID: 37754408 PMCID: PMC10529391 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the physical-mechanical properties and dynamic models of tissue-simulating hydrogels, specifically the photoacoustic (PA) response signals, by varying the concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and molecular weight (MW). A state-space model (SSM) is proposed to study the PVA hydrogels to retrieve the PA-related signal's damping ratio and natural frequency. Nine box-shaped PVA hydrogels containing saline solution were used, with five concentrations of PVA (7, 9, 12, 15, 20%) for MW1 and four for MW2. The results indicated that the concentration of PVA and MW played an important role in the PA wave's amplitude, arrival time, and speed of sound over the hydrogels. The SSM parameters showed that increasing PVA and MW concentrations improved the hydrogels' ability to absorb and transfer energy under the PA effect. These parameters were also found to be correlated with density and modulus of elasticity. Additionally, the concentrations of PVA and MW affected the absorption and optical scattering coefficients. The physical-mechanical properties, including porosity, density, and modulus of elasticity, improved as the concentration of PVA and MW increased. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop hydrogels as phantoms that can be used for tissue simulation and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Argelia Pérez-Pacheco
- Research and Technological Development Unit, Research Department, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico;
| | - Emiliano Terán
- Faculty of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa 80040, Mexico;
| | - Rosa M. Quispe-Siccha
- Research and Technological Development Unit, Research Department, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico;
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Álvarez-Millán L, Lerma C, Castillo-Castillo D, Quispe-Siccha RM, Pérez-Pacheco A, Rivera-Sánchez J, Fossion R. Chronotropic Response and Heart Rate Variability before and after a 160 m Walking Test in Young, Middle-Aged, Frail, and Non-Frail Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19148413. [PMID: 35886265 PMCID: PMC9320251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The frailty syndrome is characterized by a decreased capacity to adequately respond to stressors. One of the most impaired physiological systems is the autonomous nervous system, which can be assessed through heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) analysis. In this article, we studied the chronotropic response (HR and HRV) to a walking test. We also analyzed HRV indices in rest as potential biomarkers of frailty. For this, a 160 m-walking test and two standing rest tests (before and after the walking) were performed by young (19−29 years old, n = 21, 57% women), middle-aged (30−59 years old, n = 16, 62% women), and frail older adults (>60 years old, n = 28, 40% women) and non-frail older adults (>60 years old, n = 15, 71% women), classified with the FRAIL scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Frequency domain parameters better allowed to distinguish between frail and non-frail older adults (low-frequency power LF, high-frequency power HF (nu), LF/HF ratio, and ECG-derived respiration rate EDR). Frail older adults showed an increased HF (nu) and EDR and a reduced LF (nu) and LF/HF compared to non-frail older adults. The increase in HF (nu) could be due to a higher breathing effort. Our results showed that a walk of 160 m is a sufficient cardiovascular stressor to exhibit an attenuated autonomic response in frail older adults. Several HRV indices showed to be potential biomarkers of frailty, being LF (nu) and the time required to reach the maximum HR the best candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesli Álvarez-Millán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Castillo-Castillo
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Rosa M. Quispe-Siccha
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.M.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Argelia Pérez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.M.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Jesús Rivera-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.M.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.); (J.R.-S.)
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5622-4672 (ext. 5104)
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Galvis-García ES, Sobrino-Cossío S, Reding-Bernal A, Contreras-Marín Y, Solórzano-Acevedo K, González-Zavala P, Quispe-Siccha RM. Experimental model standardizing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to simulate endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-elastography. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5169-5180. [PMID: 32982117 PMCID: PMC7495029 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i34.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-E) simulation lessens the learning curve; however, models lack realism, diminishing competitiveness.
AIM To standardize the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel for simulating organs and digestive lesions.
METHODS PVA hydrogel (Sigma Aldrich, degree of hydrolysis 99%) for simulating EUS/EUS-E lesions was investigated in Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico at Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City. We evaluated physical, contrast, elasticity and deformation coefficient characteristics in lesions, applying Kappa’s concordance and satisfaction questionnaire (Likert 4-points).
RESULTS PVA hydrogel showed stable mechanical properties. Density depended on molecular weight (MW) and concentration (C). PVA bblocks with the greatest density showed lowest tensile strength (r = -0.8, P = 0.01). Lesions were EUS-graphically visible. Homogeneous and heterogeneous examples were created from PVA blocks or PVA phantoms, exceeding (MW2 = 146000-186000, C9 = 15% and C10 = 20%) with a density under (MW1 = 85000-124000, C1 = 7% and C2 = 9%). We calculated elasticity and deformation parameters of solid (blue) areas, contrasting with the norm (Kappa = 0.8; high degree of satisfaction).
CONCLUSION PVA hydrogels were appropriate for simulating organs and digestive lesions using EUS/EUS-E, facilitating practice and reducing risk. Repetition amplified skills, while reducing the learning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elymir S Galvis-García
- Unidad de Endoscopía Gastrointestinal, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sobrino-Cossío
- Unidad de Endoscopia y Fisiología Digestiva, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Mexico 10700, Mexico
| | - Arturo Reding-Bernal
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Yesica Contreras-Marín
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Instituto Politécnico Nacional and Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Karina Solórzano-Acevedo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Instituto Politécnico Nacional and Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Quispe-Siccha
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico 06720, Mexico
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Pérez-García A, Arroyo-Valerio AG, Bustos-Esquivel MA, Quispe-Siccha RM, Zaldívar-Fujigaki JL, Pacheco-Yepez J, Kershenobich D, López-Alvarenga JC, Hernández-Ruiz J. Young adult binge drinkers have immunophenotypical disarrangements in peripheral natural killer cells. Alcohol 2019; 81:70-78. [PMID: 31265902 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is an issue of worldwide relevance and a problem of national scale in Mexico. The consumption pattern of large amounts of alcohol on the weekends is rapidly increasing in young adults between 18 and 29 years. Despite various studies that have focused on the noxious effect of alcohol in immunity, the changes in the immunoprofiles of peripheral blood cells have not been completely described. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are lymphoid-origin cells of the immune system that are responsible for defense against tumors, among other functions. In homeostatic conditions, they are found to be in a state of "dynamic balance" between activation and inhibition stimuli, which, if broken, may lead to immunosuppression or activation of cytotoxic mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the immunoprofile of peripheral NKCs of 54 young adults, 29 of whom were binge drinkers and 25 of whom were low risk (LR), as classified by validated tools. Drinking habits were assessed. Blood samples were collected to perform hematic biometry and liver enzyme tests. Peripheral NKCs were identified by FACS, and stained for CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR4, CD69, CD127, CD137, TLR4, and Granzyme B. The data were analyzed using the t test and Mann-Whitney's U test for contrasts, and the effect size was obtained in order to evaluate the impact of each immunoprofile. The binge group showed increased expression of CCR5 and PD-1 in NKCs, respective to the LR group, and decreased expression of TLR4, along with fewer CCR4+ cells. Moreover, the increase found in CCR5 and PD-1 expression was correlated with the number of drinks in the last drinking session. Our findings show that young binge drinkers have different immunoprofiles that could suggest an early status of immunosuppression and trafficking of NKCs to the liver, which could be related to the onset of early liver damage, early in a subject's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Pérez-García
- Experimental Surgery Service, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación, Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - América Guadalupe Arroyo-Valerio
- Research Department, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mayra A Bustos-Esquivel
- Research & Technological Development Unit (UIDT) UNAM-HGM, Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia, Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rosa M Quispe-Siccha
- Research Department, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico; Research & Technological Development Unit (UIDT) UNAM-HGM, Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia, Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Luis Zaldívar-Fujigaki
- Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, Félix Cuevas 540, Col del Valle Sur, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yepez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón S/N, Santo Tomás, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - David Kershenobich
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, "Salvador Zubirán,", Avenida Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CDMX 14080, Mexico
| | - J C López-Alvarenga
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Texas, United States; Research Division Mexican-American University of the North (UMAN), Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Joselín Hernández-Ruiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148 Colonia Doctores, Alcaldia Cuauhtémoc, 06726 CDMX, Mexico.
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Ramos-Peñafiel CO, Santoyo-Sánchez A, Quispe-Siccha RM, García-García JA, Reyes-Hernández I, Olarte-Carrillo I, Ramírez-Duarte S, Martinez-Tovar A. [Proposal for a new model to analyze an ancient myth: does the moon influence the frequency of births?]. Salud Publica Mex 2015; 57:199-200. [PMID: 26302121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Santoyo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Rosa M Quispe-Siccha
- Dirección de investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, México
| | | | - Ignacio Reyes-Hernández
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital General de Jilotepec, Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Irma Olarte-Carrillo
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, México,
| | - Shelly Ramírez-Duarte
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital General de Jilotepec, Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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