1
|
Hanson BE, Lee JF, Garten RS, O'Keefe ZB, Layec G, Ruple BA, Wray DW, Richardson RS, Trinity JD. Acute sympathetic activation blunts the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to passive leg movement. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4356062. [PMID: 38765959 PMCID: PMC11100891 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4356062/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Heightened muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) contributes to impaired vasodilatory capacity and vascular dysfunction associated with aging and cardiovascular disease. The contribution of elevated MSNA to the vasodilatory response during passive leg movement (PLM) has not been adequately addressed. This study sought to test the hypothesis that elevated MSNA diminishes the vasodilatory response to PLM in healthy young males (n = 11, 25 ± 2 year). Post exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) following 2 min of isometric handgrip (HG) exercise performed at 25% (ExPECO 25%) and 40% (ExPECO 40%) of maximum voluntary contraction was used to incrementally engage the metaboreceptors and augment MSNA. Control trials were performed without PECO (ExCON 25% and ExCON 40%) to account for changes due to HG exercise. PLM was performed 2 min after the cessation of exercise and central and peripheral hemodynamics were assessed. MSNA was directly recorded by microneurography in the peroneal nerve (n = 8). Measures of MSNA (i.e., burst incidences) increased during ExPECO 25% (+ 15 ± 5 burst/100 bpm) and ExPECO 40% (+ 22 ± 4 burst/100 bpm) and returned to pre-HG levels during ExCON trials. Vasodilation, assessed by the change in leg vascular conductance during PLM, was reduced by 16% and 44% during ExPECO 25% and ExPECO 40%, respectively. These findings indicate that elevated MSNA attenuates the vasodilatory response to PLM and that the magnitude of reduction in vasodilation during PLM is graded in relation to the degree of sympathoexcitation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Weggen JB, Darling AM, Autler AS, Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Richardson J, Tuzzolo G, Garten RS. Lower vascular conductance responses to handgrip exercise are improved following acute antioxidant supplementation in young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38711207 DOI: 10.1113/ep091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display peripheral vascular and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, two factors potentially stemming from a redox imbalance. It is currently unclear if these aforementioned factors, observed at rest, alter peripheral haemodynamic responses to exercise in this population. This study examined haemodynamic responses to handgrip exercise in young individuals with PTSD following acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation. Thirteen young individuals with PTSD (age 23 ± 3 years), and 13 age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL) participated in the study. Exercise-induced changes to arm blood flow (BF), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and vascular conductance (VC) were evaluated across two workloads of rhythmic handgrip exercise (3 and 6 kg). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PL) or AO prior to their visits. The PTSD group demonstrated significantly lower VC (P = 0.04) across all exercise workloads (vs. CTRL), which was significantly improved following AO supplementation. In the PTSD group, AO supplementation improved VC in participants possessing the lowest VC responses to handgrip exercise, with AO supplementation significantly improving VC responses (3 and 6 kg: P < 0.01) by blunting elevated exercise-induced MAP responses (3 kg: P = 0.01; 6 kg: P < 0.01). Lower VC responses during handgrip exercise were improved following AO supplementation in young individuals with PTSD. AO supplementation was associated with a blunting of exercise-induced MAP responses in individuals with PTSD displaying elevated MAP responses. This study revealed that young individuals with PTSD exhibit abnormal, peripherally mediated exercise responses that may be linked to a redox imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron S Autler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jacob Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gina Tuzzolo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weggen JB, Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Darling AM, Chiu A, Richardson J, Garten RS. Vascular Responses to Passive and Active Movement in Premenopausal Females: Comparisons across Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:900-910. [PMID: 36728956 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adequate, robust vascular responses to passive and active movement represent two distinct components linked to normal, healthy cardiovascular function. Currently, limited research exists determining if these vascular responses are altered in premenopausal females (PMF) when compared across sex or menstrual cycle phase. METHODS Vascular responses to passive leg movement (PLM) and handgrip (HG) exercise were assessed in PMF ( n = 21) and age-matched men ( n = 21). A subset of PMF subjects ( n = 11) completed both assessments during the early and late follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Microvascular function was assessed during PLM via changes in leg blood flow, and during HG exercise, via steady-state arm vascular conductance. Macrovascular (brachial artery [BA]) function was assessed during HG exercise via BA dilation responses as well as BA shear rate-dilation slopes. RESULTS Leg microvascular function, determined by PLM, was not different between sexes or across menstrual cycle phase. However, arm microvascular function, demonstrated by arm vascular conductance, was lower in PMF compared with men at rest and during HG exercise. Macrovascular function was not different between sexes or across menstrual cycle phase. CONCLUSIONS This study identified similar vascular function across sex and menstrual cycle phase seen in microvasculature of the leg and macrovascular (BA) of the arm. Although arm microvascular function was unaltered by menstrual cycle phase in PMF, it was revealed to be significantly lower when compared with age-matched men highlighting a sex difference in vascular/blood flow regulation during small muscle mass exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Alex Chiu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jacob Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Decker KP, Chiu A, Weggen JB, Richardson JW, Hogwood AC, Darling AM, Garten RS. High sodium intake differentially impacts brachial artery dilation when evaluated with reactive versus active hyperemia in salt resistant individuals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:277-287. [PMID: 36548512 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00461.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine if high sodium (HS) intake in salt resistant (SR) individuals attenuates upper limb arterial dilation in response to reactive (occlusion) and active (exercise) hyperemia, two stimuli with varying vasodilatory mechanisms, and the role of oxidative stress in this response. Ten young, SR participants (9 males, 1 female) consumed a 7-day HS (6,900 mg/day) and a 7-day recommended sodium intake (RI: 2,300 mg/day) diet in a randomized order. On the last day of each diet, brachial artery (BA) function was evaluated via reactive (RH-FMD: 5 min of cuff occlusion) and active [handgrip (HG) exercise] hyperemia after consumption of both placebo (PL) and antioxidants (AO). The HS diet significantly elevated sodium excretion (P < 0.05), but mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged. During the PL condition, the HS diet significantly reduced RH-FMD when compared with RI diet (P = 0.01), but this reduction was significantly restored (P = 0.01) when supplemented with AO (HS + PL: 5.9 ± 3.4; HS + AO: 8.2 ± 2.7; RI + PL: 8.9 ± 4.7; RI + AO: 7.0 ± 2.1%). BA shear-to-dilation slopes, evaluated across all HG exercise workloads, were not significantly different across sodium intervention or AO supplementation. In SR individuals, HS intake impaired BA function when assessed via RH-FMD, but was restored with acute AO consumption suggesting oxidative stress as a contributor to this dysfunction. However, exercise-induced BA dilation was unaltered, potentially implicating an inability of HS intake to influence the mechanisms responsible for effectively maintaining skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examined if high sodium (HS) intake in salt resistant (SR) individuals attenuates brachial artery (BA) flow-mediated dilation in response to reactive (occlusion) and active (exercise) hyperemia. In SR individuals, HS intake impaired reactive hyperemia-induced BA dilation, but not exercise-induced BA dilation. This finding suggests that although brachial artery nitric oxide bioavailability may be reduced following HS intake, the redundant mechanisms associated with adequate upper limb blood flow regulation during exercise are maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Alex Chiu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jacob W Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Darling AM, Weggen JB, Chiu A, Richardson J, Garten RS. Exaggerated pressor responses, but unaltered blood flow regulation and functional sympatholysis during lower limb exercise in young, non-Hispanic black males. Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104445. [PMID: 36209773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young non-Hispanic black (BL) males have displayed lower blood flow (BF) and vascular conductance (VC), but intact functional sympatholysis, during upper limb exercise when compared to non-Hispanic white (WH) males. This study sought to explore if similar differences were also present in the lower limbs. METHODS Thirteen young BL males and thirteen WH males completed one visit comprised of rhythmic lower limb (plantar flexion) exercise as well as upper limb (handgrip) exercise for a limb-specific comparison. Limb BF, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and VC were evaluated at three submaximal workloads (8, 16, and 24 kg). To determine potential limb differences in functional sympatholysis, the impact of sympathetic nervous system activation (via cold-pressor test (CPT)) was evaluated at rest and during steady state exercise (30 % of maximal voluntary contraction) on a subsequent visit. RESULTS MAP responses to lower and upper limb exercise were elevated in young BL males (vs WH males), resulting in significantly lower VC responses in the upper limb, but not the lower limb. Further, BL males, when compared to WH males, revealed no differences in functional sympatholysis, evident by similar responses in both the exercising leg and arm VC during CPT. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study indicate that although elevated MAP responses were observed during both lower and upper limb exercise in young BL males, vascular conductance was only hindered in the upper limbs. This may potentially highlight enhanced compensatory mechanisms in the lower limb (vs upper limb) to maintain perfusion in young BL males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alex Chiu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jacob Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Canada JM, Weiss E, Grizzard JD, Trankle CR, Gharai LR, Dana F, Buckley LF, Carbone S, Kadariya D, Ricco A, Jordan JH, Evans RK, Garten RS, Van Tassell BW, Hundley WG, Abbate A. Influence of extracellular volume fraction on peak exercise oxygen pulse following thoracic radiotherapy. Cardio-Oncology 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35042565 PMCID: PMC8764840 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-021-00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis increases heart failure (HF) risk and is associated with a restrictive cardiomyopathy phenotype. The myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECVF) using contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) quantifies the extent of fibrosis which, in severe cases, results in a noncompliant left ventricle (LV) with an inability to augment exercise stroke volume (SV). The peak exercise oxygen pulse (O2Pulse), a noninvasive surrogate for exercise SV, may provide mechanistic insight into cardiac reserve. The relationship between LV ECVF and O2Pulse following thoracic radiotherapy has not been explored. Methods Patients who underwent thoracic radiotherapy for chest malignancies with significant incidental heart dose (≥5 Gray (Gy), ≥10% heart) without a pre-cancer treatment history of HF underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine O2Pulse, contrast-enhanced CMR, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) measurement. Multivariable-analyses were performed to identify factors associated with O2Pulse normalized for age/gender/anthropometrics. Results Thirty patients (median [IQR] age 63 [57–67] years, 18 [60%] female, 2.0 [0.6–3.8] years post-radiotherapy) were included. The peak VO2 was 1376 [1057–1552] mL·min− 1, peak HR = 150 [122–164] bpm, resulting in an O2Pulse of 9.2 [7.5–10.7] mL/beat or 82 (66–96) % of predicted. The ECVF, LV ejection fraction, heart volume receiving ≥10 Gy, and NTproBNP were independently associated with %O2Pulse (P < .001). Conclusions In patients with prior radiotherapy heart exposure, %-predicted O2Pulse is inversely associated markers of diffuse fibrosis (ECVF), ventricular wall stress (NTproBNP), radiotherapy heart dose, and positively related to LV function. Increased LV ECVF may reflect a potential etiology of impaired LV SV reserve in patients receiving thoracic radiotherapy for chest malignancies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40959-021-00127-6.
Collapse
|
7
|
Weggen JB, Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Darling AM, Chiu A, Richardson J, Garten RS. Examining Vascular Responses to Passive Movement in Premenopausal Females: Comparisons Across Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chiu
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | - Ryan S. Garten
- Kinesiology & Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Groot HJ, Broxterman RM, Gifford JR, Garten RS, Rossman MJ, Jarrett CL, Kwon OS, Hydren JR, Richardson RS. Reliability of the passive leg movement assessment of vascular function in men. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:541-552. [PMID: 35294784 PMCID: PMC9058221 DOI: 10.1113/ep090312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Use of the passive leg movement (PLM) test, a non-invasive assessment of microvascular function, is on the rise. However, PLM reliability in men has not been adequately investigated, nor has such reliability data, in men, been compared to the most commonly employed vascular function assessment, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). What is the main finding and its importance? PLM is a reliable method to assess vascular function in men, and is comparable to values previously reported for PLM in women, and for FMD. Given the importance of vascular function as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, these data support the utility of PLM as a clinically relevant measurement. ABSTRACT Although vascular function is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, and therefore has significant prognostic value, there is currently not a single clinically accepted method of assessment. The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment predominantly reflects microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation and can identify decrements in vascular function with advancing age and pathology. Reliability of the PLM model was only recently determined in women, and has not been adequately investigated in men. Twenty healthy men (age: 27 ± 2 year) were studied on three separate experimental days, resulting in three within-day and three between-day trials. The hyperemic response to PLM was assessed with Doppler ultrasound, and expressed as the absolute peak in leg blood flow (LBFpeak ), change from baseline to peak (ΔLBFpeak ), absolute area under the curve (LBFAUC ), and change in AUC from baseline (ΔLBFAUC ). PLM-induced hyperemia yielded within-day coefficients of variation (CV) from 10.9 to 22.9%, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) from 0.82 to 0.90, standard error of the measurement (SEM) from 8.3 to 17.2%, and Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) from 0.56 to 0.81. Between-day assessments of PLM hyperemia resulted in CV from 14.4 to 25%, ICC from 0.75 to 0.87, SEM from 9.8 to 19.8%, and r from 0.46 to 0.75. Similar to previous reports in women, the hyperemic responses to PLM in men display moderate-to-high reliability, and are comparable to reliability data for brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation. These positive reliability findings further support the utility of PLM as a clinical measurement of vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Jonathan Groot
- Department of Health & Kinesiology University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ryan M. Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT;,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jayson R. Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Catherine L. Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT;,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jay R. Hydren
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT;,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Russell S. Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT;,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bisconti AV, Garten RS, Broxterman RM, Jarrett CL, Park SH, Shields KL, Clifton HL, Ratchford SM, Reese V, Zhao J, Wray DW, Richardson RS. No effect of acute tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) supplementation on vascular dysfunction in the old. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:773-784. [PMID: 35112931 PMCID: PMC8917921 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a deficiency in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase, has been implicated in the age-related decline in vascular function, this study aimed to determine the impact of acute BH4 supplementation on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in old adults. Two approaches were used: 1) A multiday, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design measuring, FMD [ΔFMD (mm), %FMD (%)] and shear rate area under the curve (SR AUC) in nine old subjects (73 ± 8 yr) with either placebo (placebo) or BH4 (≈10 mg/kg, post), and 2) a single experimental day measuring FMD in an additional 13 old subjects (74 ± 7 yr) prior to (pre) and 4.5 h after ingesting BH4 (≈10 mg/kg). With the first experimental approach, acute BH4 intake did not significantly alter FMD (ΔFMD: 0.17 ± 0.03 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 mm; %FMD: 3.3 ± 0.61 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4%) or SR AUC (30,280 ± 4,428 vs. 37,877 ± 9,241 s-1) compared with placebo. Similarly, with the second approach, BH4 did not significantly alter FMD (ΔFMD: 0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.12 ± 0.03 mm; %FMD: 2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6%) or SR AUC (37,588 ± 6,753 vs. 28,996 ± 3,735 s-1) compared with pre. Moreover, when the two data sets were combined, resulting in a greater sample size, there was still no evidence of an effect of BH4 on vascular function in these old subjects. Importantly, both plasma BH4 and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2), the oxidized form of BH4, increased significantly with acute BH4 supplementation. Consequently, the ratio of BH4/BH2, recognized to impact vascular function, was unchanged. Thus, acute BH4 supplementation does not correct vascular dysfunction in the old.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite two different experimental approaches, acute BH4 supplementation did not affect vascular function in older adults, as measured by flow-mediated vasodilation. Plasma levels of both BH4 and BH2, the BH4 oxidized form, significantly increased after acute BH4 supplementation, resulting in an unchanged ratio of BH4/BH2, a key determining factor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase coupling. Therefore, likely due to the elevated oxidative stress with advancing age, acute BH4 supplementation does not correct vascular dysfunction in the old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Bisconti
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Catherine L Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine L Shields
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather L Clifton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephen M Ratchford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van Reese
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goldsmith JA, Lai RE, Garten RS, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Perera RA, Gorgey AS. Visceral Adiposity, Inflammation, and Testosterone Predict Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Mass and Activity in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809845. [PMID: 35222077 PMCID: PMC8867006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial health is an important predictor of several health-related comorbidities including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), mitochondrial health has been linked to several important body composition and metabolic parameters. However, the complex interplay of how mitochondrial health is affected has yet to be determined in this population. Objective In this study, we examined the contribution of visceral adiposity, inflammatory biomarkers, testosterone and circulating serum growth factors as predictors of mitochondrial health in persons with chronic SCI. Participants Thirty-three individuals with chronic SCI (n = 27 Males, n = 6 Females, age: 40 ± 13.26 years, level of injury: C4-L1, BMI: 23 ± 5.57) participated in this cross-sectional study. Methods Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After an overnight fast, serum testosterone, inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), c-reactive protein (CRP)], and anabolic growth factors [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)] were measured. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and Complex III activity. Regression analyses were used to examine predictors of mitochondrial mass and activity. Results CS activity was negatively associated with VAT (r2 = 0.360, p < 0.001), CRP (r2 = 0.168, p = 0.047), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.145, p = 0.042). Complex III activity was negatively associated with VAT relative to total lean mass (VAT:TLM) (r2 = 0.169, p = 0.033), trended for CRP (r2 = 0.142, p = 0.069), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.224, p = 0.010). Multiple regression showed CS activity was significantly associated with VAT + CRP (r2 = 0.412, p = 0.008) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.433, p = 0.001). Complex III activity was significantly associated with VAT relative to total trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) + CRP (VAT:total trunk CSA + CRP; r2 = 0.286, p = 0.048) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.277, p = 0.024). Conclusion Increased visceral adiposity and associated inflammatory signaling (CRP) along with reduced testosterone levels predict mitochondrial dysfunction following SCI. Specifically, lower VATCSA and higher testosterone levels or lower VATCSA and lower CRP levels positively predict mitochondrial mass and enzyme activity in persons with chronic SCI. Future research should investigate the efficacy of diet, exercise, and potentially testosterone replacement therapy on enhancing mitochondrial health in chronic SCI. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier: [NCT02660073].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Raymond E. Lai
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert A. Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashraf S. Gorgey,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weggen JB, Darling AM, Autler AS, Hogwood AC, Decker KP, Imthurn B, Tuzzolo GM, Garten RS. Impact of acute antioxidant supplementation on vascular function and autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults with PTSD. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R49-R61. [PMID: 34075811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00054.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The goal of this study was to determine if peripheral vascular dysfunction, a precursor to CVD, was present in young adults with PTSD, and if an acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation could modify this potential PTSD-induced vascular dysfunction. Thirteen individuals with PTSD were recruited for this investigation and were compared with 35 age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PTSD-PL) or antioxidants (PTSD-AO; vitamins C and E; α-lipoic acid) before their visits, whereas the CTRL subjects only participated in one visit. Upper and lower limb vascular functions were assessed via flow-mediated dilation and passive leg movement technique. Heart rate variability was utilized to assess autonomic nervous system modulation. The PTSD-PL condition, when compared with the CTRL group, reported lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as sympathetic nervous system (SNS) predominance. After acute AO supplementation, arm, but not leg, microvascular function was improved and SNS predominance was lowered to which the prior difference between PTSD group and CTRL was no longer significant. Young individuals with PTSD demonstrated lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as greater SNS predominance when compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Furthermore, this lower vascular/autonomic function was augmented by an acute AO supplementation to the level of the healthy controls, potentially implicating oxidative stress as a contributor to this blunted vascular/autonomic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Aaron S Autler
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brandon Imthurn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gina M Tuzzolo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Slusher AL, Fico BG, Dodge KM, Garten RS, Ferrandi PJ, Rodriguez AA, Pena G, Huang CJ. Correction to: Impact of acute high‑intensity interval exercise on plasma pentraxin 3 and endothelial function in obese individuals-a pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1579. [PMID: 34014403 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Slusher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Katelyn M Dodge
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Peter J Ferrandi
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Alexandra A Rodriguez
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Gabriel Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Slusher AL, Fico BG, Dodge KM, Garten RS, Ferrandi PJ, Rodriguez AA, Pena G, Huang CJ. Impact of acute high-intensity interval exercise on plasma pentraxin 3 and endothelial function in obese individuals-a pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1567-1577. [PMID: 33638689 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been shown to be a predictor of endothelial dysfunction in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (e.g., obesity). Circulating PTX3 concentrations are dysregulated in obese individuals and are elevated following acute aerobic exercise. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been demonstrated to be as effective as continuous moderate-intensity exercise in improving endothelial function, as indicated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), in patients with CVD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute HIIE on plasma PTX3 and BAFMD responses in obese individuals. METHODS Eight obese and six normal-weight young males participated in acute HIIE (4 intervals of 4 min at 80-90% of VO2max; 3 min of active recovery at 50-60% VO2max). Plasma PTX3 and BAFMD were measured prior to, immediately following exercise, and one and 2 hours into recovery. RESULTS Plasma PTX3 concentrations significantly increased following HIIE, yet the PTX3 response to HIIE was significantly blunted in obese compared to normal-weight participants. While the kinetic responses of BAFMD were also significantly different in obese compared to normal-weight participants, similar increases above the baseline were observed 2 hours into recovery in both groups. Finally, plasma PTX3 concentrations were not associated with BAFMD at baseline or in response to HIIE. CONCLUSION The utilization of HIIE may serve as a time-efficient exercise prescription strategy to transiently improve endothelial function, independent of elevated plasma PTX3 concentrations, in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Slusher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Katelyn M Dodge
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Peter J Ferrandi
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Alexandra A Rodriguez
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Gabriel Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Decker KP, Feliciano PG, Kimmel MT, Hogwood AC, Weggen JB, Darling AM, Richardson JW, Garten RS. Examining sex differences in sitting-induced microvascular dysfunction: Insight from acute vitamin C supplementation. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104147. [PMID: 33610562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower limb microvascular dysfunction resulting from prolonged sitting (PS) bouts has been revealed to occur independent of sex. Although acute antioxidant supplementation has been reported to blunt conduit artery dysfunction following PS in young males, it is unknown if this protective effect extends to the microvasculature or is relevant in young females, who possess intrinsic vascular protective mechanisms specific to antioxidant defense. Therefore, this study employed an acute antioxidant supplementation to further examine sex differences during PS with a specific focus on microvascular function. METHODS On two separate visits, 14 females (23 ± 3 years) and 12 males (25 ± 4 years) had leg microvascular function (LMVF) assessed (via the passive leg movement technique) before and after 1.5 h of sitting. Prior to each visit, one gram of vitamin C (VC) or placebo (PL) was consumed. RESULTS PS significantly reduced LMVF [PL: (M: -34 ± 20; F: -23 ± 18%; p < 0.01) independent of sex (p = 0.7)], but the VC condition only blunted this reduction in males (VC: -3 ± 20%; p < 0.01), but not females (VC: -18 ± 25%; p = 0.5). CONCLUSION Young males and females reported similar reductions LMVF following PS, but only the young males reported a preservation of LMVF following the VC supplementation. This finding in young females was highlighted by substantial variability in LMVF measures in response to the VC condition that was unrelated to changes in the potential contributors to sitting-induced reductions in LMVF (e.g. lower limb venous pooling, reduced arterial shear rate). NEW AND NOTEWORTHY In this study, we employed an acute Vitamin C (VC) supplementation to examine sex differences in leg microvascular function (LMVF) following a bout of prolonged sitting. This study revealed that prolonged sitting reduced LMVF independent of sex, but only young males reported an attenuation to this lowered LMVF following VC supplementation. The young females revealed substantial variability in sitting-induced changes to LMVF that could not be explained by the potential contributors to sitting-induced reductions in LMVF (e.g. lower limb venous pooling, reduced arterial shear rate).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick G Feliciano
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Morgan T Kimmel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jacob W Richardson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kirkman DL, Bohmke N, Carbone S, Garten RS, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Franco RL, Kidd JM, Abbate A. Exercise intolerance in kidney diseases: physiological contributors and therapeutic strategies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F161-F173. [PMID: 33283641 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00437.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exertional fatigue, defined as the overwhelming and debilitating sense of sustained exhaustion that impacts the ability to perform activities of daily living, is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Subjective reports of exertional fatigue are paralleled by objective measurements of exercise intolerance throughout the spectrum of the disease. The prevalence of exercise intolerance is clinically noteworthy, as it leads to increased frailty, worsened quality of life, and an increased risk of mortality. The physiological underpinnings of exercise intolerance are multifaceted and still not fully understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive outline of the potential physiological contributors, both central and peripheral, to kidney disease-related exercise intolerance and highlight current and prospective interventions to target this symptom. In this review, the CKD-related metabolic derangements, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, altered physiological responses to oxygen consumption, vascular derangements, and sarcopenia are discussed in the context of exercise intolerance. Lifestyle interventions to improve exertional fatigue, such as aerobic and resistance exercise training, are discussed, and the lack of dietary interventions to improve exercise tolerance is highlighted. Current and prospective pharmaceutical and nutraceutical strategies to improve exertional fatigue are also broached. An extensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance will allow for the development of more targeted therapeutic approached to improve exertional fatigue and health-related quality of life in CKD and ESRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Natalie Bohmke
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert L Franco
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jason M Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weggen JB, Autler AS, Tuzzolo G, Hogwood AC, Darling AM, Deccker KP, Garten RS. Vascular And Blood Flow Responses To Upper Limb Exercise In Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000685300.43895.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Chiu AH, Pederson L, Via JO, Bohmke NJ, Richardson J, Autler A, Reed H, Henderson E, Franco RL, Garten RS. The Effects Of A High Fat Meal On Blood Flow Regulation During Arm Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000675980.95224.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Scott MC, Hogwood AC, Fralin RC, Weggen JB, Zúñiga TM, Garten RS. Low sleep efficiency does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function in young adults. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1373-1383. [PMID: 32495341 DOI: 10.1113/ep088658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality possessed lower vascular function and altered autonomic nervous system modulation when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. What is the main finding and its importance? The study revealed that in young adults reporting low sleep quality, neither vascular nor autonomic function was significantly different when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. These findings suggest that young adults are either not substantially impacted by or can adequately adapt to the negative consequences commonly associated with poor sleep. ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality also possessed lower vascular function, potentially stemming from altered autonomic nervous system modulation, when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. Thirty-one healthy young adults (age 24 ± 4 years) underwent a 7 night sleep assessment (Actigraph GT3X accelerometer). After the sleep assessment, subjects meeting specific criteria were separated into high (HSE; ≥85%; n = 11; eight men and three women) and low (LSE; <80%; n = 11; nine men and two women) sleep efficiency groups. Peripheral vascular function was assessed in the upper and lower limb, using the flow-mediated dilatation technique in the arm (brachial artery) and leg (superficial femoral artery). Heart rate variability was evaluated during 5 min of rest and used frequency parameters reflective of parasympathetic and/or sympathetic nervous system modulation (high- and low-frequency parameters). By experimental design, significant differences in sleep quality between groups were reported, with the LSE group exhibiting a longer time awake after sleep onset, higher number of awakenings and longer average time per awakening when compared with the HSE group. Despite these differences in sleep quality, no significant differences in upper and lower limb vascular function and heart rate variability measures were revealed when comparing the LSE and HSE groups. Additionally, in all subjects (n = 31), no correlations between sleep efficiency and vascular function/autonomic modulation were revealed. This study revealed that low sleep quality does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function or autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard C Fralin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Zúñiga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ives SJ, Layec G, Hart CR, Trinity JD, Gifford JR, Garten RS, Witman MAH, Sorensen JR, Richardson RS. Passive leg movement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence of locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1402-1411. [PMID: 32324478 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00568.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by pulmonary dysfunction, is now also recognized to be associated with free radical-mediated vascular dysfunction. However, as previous investigations have utilized the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation technique, whether such vascular dysfunction exists in the locomotor muscle of patients with COPD remains unclear. Therefore, in patients with COPD (n = 13, 66 ± 6 yr) and healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 12, 68 ± 6 yr), second-by-second measurements of leg blood flow (LBF) (ultrasound Doppler), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (Finapres), and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were recorded before and during both 2 min of continuous upright seated continuous-movement passive leg movement (PLM) and a single-movement PLM (sPLM). In response to PLM, both peak change in LBF (COPD 321 ± 54, Control 470 ± 55 ∆mL/min) and LVC (COPD 3.0 ± 0.5, Control 5.4 ± 0.5 ∆mL·min-1·mmHg-1) were significantly attenuated in patients with COPD compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). This attenuation in the patients with COPD was also evident in response to sPLM, with peak change in LBF tending to be lower (COPD 142 ± 26, Control 169 ± 14 ∆mL/min) and LVC being significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the patients than the control subjects (COPD 1.6 ± 0.4, Control 2.5 ± 0.3 ∆mL·min-1·mmHg-1). Therefore, utilizing both PLM and sPLM, this study provides evidence of locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction in patients with COPD, perhaps due to redox imbalance and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, which is in agreement with an increased cardiovascular disease risk in this population. This locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction, in combination with the clearly dysfunctional lungs, may contribute to the exercise intolerance associated with COPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Utilizing both the single and continuous passive leg movement (PLM) models, which induce nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hyperemia, this study provides evidence of vascular dysfunction in the locomotor muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), independent of central hemodynamics. This impaired hyperemia may be the result of an oxidant-mediated attenuation in NO bioavailability. In addition to clearly dysfunctional lungs, vascular dysfunction in locomotor muscle may contribute to the exercise intolerance associated with COPD and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Darling A, Chiu A, Henderson E, Autler AS, Weggen JB, Decker KP, Garten RS. Determining the Impact of Increased Physical Activity on Improving Sleep Quality in Young Adults. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Bisconti AV, Broxterman RM, Jarrett CL, Shields KL, Park SH, Garten RS, Wray DW, Richardson RS. The effect of tetrahydrobiopterin on microvascular function with advancing age assessed by passive leg movement. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Weggen JB, Autler AS, Hogwood AC, Darling AM, Decker KP, Garten RS. Vascular Dysfunction and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Examining the Role of Oxidative Stress and Sympathetic Activity. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Darling A, Weggen J, Decker K, Hogwood AC, Michael A, Imthurn B, Mcintrye A, Garten RS. Aerobic Training And Vascular Protection: Insight From Altering Blood Flow Patterns. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562497.46142.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Zuniga TM, Slusher AL, Garten RS, Acevedo EO. Aerobic Capacity And LPS-induced iNOS mRNA Expression In Leukocytes Of Healthy College-aged Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000560782.41904.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Garten RS, Darling A, Weggen J, Decker K, Hogwood AC, Michael A, Imthurn B, Mcintyre A. Aerobic training and vascular protection: Insight from altered blood flow patterns. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1420-1431. [PMID: 31127657 DOI: 10.1113/ep087576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDING What is the central question of this study? This study sought to determine whether prior upper limb aerobic training can attenuate the vascular dysfunction resulting from negative alteration of blood flow patterns. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that the microvasculature of young men with prior upper limb aerobic training (rowing) was equally susceptible to negatively altered blood flow patterns when compared with untrained control subjects. This finding reveals that aerobic training does not provide adequate protection against this type of vascular insult, highlighting the importance of reducing known vascular insults regardless of training status. ABSTRACT Acute alteration of blood flow patterns can substantially reduce blood vessel function and, if consistently repeated, may chronically reduce vascular health. Aerobic exercise training is associated with improved vascular health, but it is not well understood whether aerobic training-induced vascular adaptations provide protection against acute vascular insults. This study sought to determine whether prior upper limb aerobic training can attenuate the vascular dysfunction resulting from an acute vascular insult (increased retrograde/oscillatory shear). Ten young arm-trained (AT) men (rowers; 22 ± 1 years of age) and 10 untrained (UT) male control subjects (21 ± 3 years of age) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed two brachial artery (BA) flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) tests separated by an acute bout of subdiastolic cuff inflation (SDCI) of the distal forearm. Brachial artery dilatation (normalized for the shear stimulus) and reactive hyperaemia evaluated during the BA FMD test were used to determine conduit artery and microvascular function, respectively. Data were presented as mean values ± SD. The AT group reported significantly greater whole body (peak oxygen uptake; P = 0.01) and forearm aerobic capacity (P < 0.001). The SDCI intervention significantly increased retrograde (P < 0.001) and oscillatory shear (P < 0.001) in both groups. After the SDCI, microvascular function (post-cuff release hyperaemia), but not conduit artery function (shear-induced BA dilatation), was significantly reduced from pre-SDCI values (P = 0.001) independent of group. This study revealed that young men with prior upper limb aerobic training, when compared with untrained control subjects, were equally susceptible to the microvascular dysfunction associated with an acute increase in retrograde/oscillatory shear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ashley Darling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kevin Decker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin Michael
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brandon Imthurn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Mcintyre
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garten RS, Hogwood AC, Weggen J, Decker K, Darling A, Maniyar R, Michael A. Examining Arm Vascular Function and Blood Flow Regulation in Row-trained Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:2058-2066. [PMID: 31009422 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular function and blood flow responses to upper limb exercise are differentially altered in response to different exercise training modalities. Rowing is a unique exercise modality that incorporates the upper limbs and can significantly augment upper limb endurance, strength, and power capacity. PURPOSE This study sought to determine whether vascular function and blood flow regulation during handgrip exercise are altered in row-trained males. METHODS Nine young row-trained males (ROW, 20 ± 1 yr; V˙O2peak = 51 ± 2 mL·kg·min) and 14 recreationally active male controls (C: 22 ± 1 yr; V˙O2peak = 37 ± 2 mL·kg·min) were recruited for this study. Subjects performed multiple bouts of progressive rhythmic handgrip exercise. Brachial artery (BA) diameter, blood flow, shear rate, and mean arterial pressure were measured at rest and during the last minute of each exercise workload. RESULTS Resting values for BA diameter, blood flow, shear rate, and mean arterial pressure were not different between groups. During handgrip exercise, the ROW group reported significantly lower BA blood flow (ROW vs C: 4 kg [146 ± 21 vs 243 ± 13 mL·min], 8 kg [248 ± 29 vs 375 ± 17 mL·min], 12 kg [352 ± 43 vs 490 ± 22 mL·min]) across all workloads when compared with controls. The examination of BA dilation, when controlled for the shear rate stimulus and evaluated across all workloads, was revealed to be significantly greater in ROW group versus controls. CONCLUSION This study revealed that vascular function and blood flow regulation were significantly different in row-trained males when compared with untrained controls evidenced by greater shear-induced BA dilation and lower arm blood flow during progressive handgrip exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Garten RS, Hogwood AC, Weggen JB, Fralin RC, LaRosa K, Lee D, Michael A, Scott M. Aerobic training status does not attenuate prolonged sitting-induced lower limb vascular dysfunction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:425-433. [PMID: 30257099 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined if the degree of aerobic training protects against the lower limb vascular dysfunction associated with a prolonged sitting bout. Ten young, aerobically trained (AT) and 10 young, untrained (UT) individuals completed a prolonged (3 h) sitting bout. Leg vascular function was measured prior to and at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout using the passive leg movement (PLM) technique. PLM-induced hyperemia was significantly reduced from baseline at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout in both groups when evaluated as peak change in leg blood flow from baseline (Δ LBF) (UT: 956 ± 140, 586 ± 80, and 599 ± 96 mL·min-1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively; AT: 955 ± 183, 789 ± 193, and 712 ± 131 mL·min-1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively) and LBF area under the curve (UT: 283 ± 73, 134 ± 31, and 164 ± 42 mL·min-1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively; AT: 336 ± 86, 242 ± 86, and 245 ± 73 mL·min-1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively), but no significant differences between groups were revealed. No significant correlations were observed when examining the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (relative and absolute) and reductions in leg vascular function at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout. This study revealed that aerobic training did not provide a protective effect against prolonged sitting-induced lower limb vascular dysfunction and further highlights the importance of reducing excessive sitting in all populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - R Carson Fralin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - Kathryn LaRosa
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - Austin Michael
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| | - Matthew Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2020, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weavil JC, Hureau TJ, Thurston TS, Sidhu SK, Garten RS, Nelson AD, McNeil CJ, Richardson RS, Amann M. Impact of age on the development of fatigue during large and small muscle mass exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R741-R750. [PMID: 29995457 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00156.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine the impact of aging on neuromuscular fatigue following cycling (CYC; large active muscle mass) and single-leg knee-extension (KE; small active muscle mass) exercise, 8 young (25 ± 4 years) and older (72 ± 6 years) participants performed CYC and KE to task failure at a given relative intensity (80% of peak power output). The young also matched CYC and KE workload and duration of the old (iso-work comparison). Peripheral and central fatigue were quantified via pre-/postexercise decreases in quadriceps twitch torque (∆Qtw, electrical femoral nerve stimulation) and voluntary activation (∆VA). Although young performed 77% and 33% more work during CYC and KE, respectively, time to task failure in both modalities was similar to the old (~9.5 min; P > 0.2). The resulting ΔQtw was also similar between groups (CYC ~40%, KE ~55%; P > 0.3); however, ∆VA was, in both modalities, approximately double in the young (CYC ~6%, KE ~9%; P < 0.05). While causing substantial peripheral and central fatigue in both exercise modalities in the old, ∆Qtw in the iso-work comparison was not significant (CYC; P = 0.2), or ~50% lower (KE; P < 0.05) in the young, with no central fatigue in either modality ( P > 0.4). Based on iso-work comparisons, healthy aging impairs fatigue resistance during aerobic exercise. Furthermore, comparisons of fatigue following exercise at a given relative intensity mask the age-related difference observed following exercise performed at the same workload. Finally, although active muscle mass has little influence on the age-related difference in the rate of fatigue at a given relative intensity, it substantially impacts the comparison during exercise at a given absolute intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Weavil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S Thurston
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Simranjit K Sidhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chris J McNeil
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia , Kelowna , Canada
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fico BG, Garten RS, Zourdos MC, Whitehurst M, Ferrandi PJ, Dodge KM, Pena G, Rodriguez AA, Huang CJ. The Comparison Of High-intensity Interval Exercise Vs. Continuous Moderate-intensity Exercise On C1q/tnf-related Protein-9 Expression And Flow-mediated Vasodilation In Obese Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536868.62450.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Hogwood AC, Weggen J, Fralin C, Lee D, Scott M, Garten RS. Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance And Peripheral Vascular Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536870.00568.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Bunsawat K, Ratchford SM, Clifton HL, Theisen JK, Barrett‐O'Keefe Z, Broxterman RM, Gifford JR, Hydren J, Rossman MJ, Ives SJ, Trinity JD, Witman MA, Garten RS, Morgan DE, Nelson AD, Richardson RS, Wray DW. Sex Differences in the Sympathetic Restraint of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow in the Human Leg Vasculature. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.594.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Stephen M. Ratchford
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Heather L. Clifton
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Jeremy K. Theisen
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Ryan M. Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Jayson R. Gifford
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUT
| | - Jay Hydren
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Joel D. Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- University of Utah Center on AgingSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Melissa A.H. Witman
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - David E. Morgan
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Ashley D. Nelson
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Russell S. Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- University of Utah Center on AgingSalt Lake CityUT
| | - D. Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Educationand Clinical CenterVAMCSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of GeriatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
- University of Utah Center on AgingSalt Lake CityUT
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gifford JR, Trinity JD, Kwon OS, Layec G, Garten RS, Park SY, Nelson AD, Richardson RS. Altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype in COPD: disease vs. disuse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1045-1053. [PMID: 29357496 PMCID: PMC5972462 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00788.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit an altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype, which often includes reduced mitochondrial density, altered respiratory function, and elevated oxidative stress. As this phenotype may be explained by the sedentary lifestyle that commonly accompanies this disease, the aim of this study was to determine whether such alterations are still evident when patients with COPD are compared to control subjects matched for objectively measured physical activity (PA; accelerometry). Indexes of mitochondrial density [citrate synthase (CS) activity], respiratory function (respirometry in permeabilized fibers), and muscle oxidative stress [4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) content] were assessed in muscle fibers biopsied from the vastus lateralis of nine patients with COPD and nine PA-matched control subjects (CON). Despite performing similar levels of PA (CON: 18 ± 3, COPD: 20 ± 7 daily minutes moderate-to-vigorous PA; CON: 4,596 ± 683, COPD: 4,219 ± 763 steps per day, P > 0.70), patients with COPD still exhibited several alterations in their mitochondrial phenotype, including attenuated skeletal muscle mitochondrial density (CS activity; CON 70.6 ± 3.8, COPD 52.7 ± 6.5 U/mg, P < 0.05), altered mitochondrial respiration [e.g., ratio of complex I-driven state 3 to complex II-driven state 3 (CI/CII); CON: 1.20 ± 0.11, COPD: 0.90 ± 0.05, P < 0.05), and oxidative stress (4-HNE; CON: 1.35 ± 0.19, COPD: 2.26 ± 0.25 relative to β-actin, P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS activity ( r = 0.55), CI/CII ( r = 0.60), and 4-HNE ( r = 0.49) were all correlated with pulmonary function, assessed as forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( P < 0.05), but not PA ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, the altered mitochondrial phenotype in COPD is present even in the absence of differing levels of PA and appears to be related to the disease itself. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with debilitating alterations in the function of skeletal muscle mitochondria. By comparing the mitochondrial phenotype of patients with COPD to that of healthy control subjects who perform the same amount of physical activity each day, this study provides evidence that many aspects of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype observed in COPD are not merely due to reduced physical activity but are likely related to the disease itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oh-Sung Kwon
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Exercise Science, Health, and Movement Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Department of Veterans Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Groot HJ, Rossman MJ, Garten RS, Wang E, Hoff J, Helgerud J, Richardson RS. The Effect of Physical Activity on Passive Leg Movement-Induced Vasodilation with Age. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1548-57. [PMID: 27031748 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability with age, passive leg movement (PLM)-induced vasodilation is attenuated in older sedentary subjects and, unlike the young subjects, cannot be augmented by posture-induced elevations in femoral perfusion pressure. However, whether vasodilator function assessed with PLM, and therefore NO bioavailability, is preserved in older individuals with greater physical activity and fitness is unknown. METHODS PLM was performed on four subject groups: young sedentary (Y, 23 ± 1 yr, n = 12), old sedentary (OS, 73 ± 2 yr, n = 12), old active (OA, 71 ± 2 yr, n = 10), and old endurance trained (OT, 72 ± 1 yr, n = 10) in the supine and upright-seated posture. Hemodynamics were measured using ultrasound Doppler and finger photoplethysmography. RESULTS In the supine posture, PLM-induced peak change in leg vascular conductance was significantly attenuated in the OS compared with the young subjects (OS = 4.9 ± 0.5, Y = 6.9 ± 0.7 mL·min·mm Hg) but was not different from the young in the OA and OT (OA = 5.9 ± 1.0, OT = 5.4 ± 0.4 mL·min·mm Hg). The upright-seated posture significantly augmented peak change in leg vascular conductance in all but the OS (OS = 4.9 ± 0.5, Y = 11.8 ± 1.3, OA = 7.3 ± 0.8, OT = 8.1 ± 0.8 mL·min·mm Hg), revealing a significant vasodilatory reserve capacity in the other groups (Y = 4.92 ± 1.18, OA = 1.37 ± 0.55, OT = 2.76 ± 0.95 mL·min·mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS As PLM predominantly reflects NO-mediated vasodilation, these findings support the idea that augmenting physical activity and fitness can protect NO bioavailability, attenuating the deleterious effects of advancing age on vascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jonathan Groot
- 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Salt Lake City VAMC, UT; 2Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 3Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; 4Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 5Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, NORWAY; 7Hokksund Medical Rehabilitation Center, Hokksund, NORWAY; and 8Department of Sports and Outdoor Life Studies, Telemark University College, Bø, NORWAY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Groot HJ, Broxterman RM, Garten RS, Rossman MJ, Gifford JR, Kwon OS, Hydren JR, Richardson RS. Reliability of the Passive Leg Movement Assessment of Vascular Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519181.00065.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Rossman MJ, Jonathan Groot H, Garten RS, Wang E, Helgerud J, Hoff J, Richardson RS. Physical Fitness Protects Against Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction in the Lower Limb. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519169.39075.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Machin DR, Clifton HL, Garten RS, Gifford JR, Richardson RS, Wray DW, Frech TM, Donato AJ. Exercise-induced brachial artery blood flow and vascular function is impaired in systemic sclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1375-H1381. [PMID: 27694218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00547.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by debilitating fibrosis and vascular dysfunction; however, little is known about the circulatory response to exercise in this population. Therefore, we examined the peripheral hemodynamic and vasodilatory responses to handgrip exercise in 10 patients with SSc (61 ± 4 yr) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (56 ± 5 yr). Brachial artery diameter, blood flow, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined at rest and during progressive static-intermittent handgrip exercise. Patients with SSc and controls were similar in body stature, handgrip strength, and MAP; however, brachial artery blood flow at rest was nearly twofold lower in patients with SSc compared with controls (22 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 5 ml/min, respectively; P < 0.05). Additionally, SSc patients had an ∼18% smaller brachial artery lumen diameter with an ∼28% thicker arterial wall at rest (P < 0.05). Although, during handgrip exercise, there were no differences in MAP between the groups, exercise-induced hyperemia and therefore vascular conductance were ∼35% lower at all exercise workloads in patients with SSc (P < 0.05). Brachial artery vasodilation, as assessed by the relationship between Δbrachial artery diameter and Δshear rate, was significantly attenuated in the patients with SSc (P < 0.05). Finally, vascular dysfunction in the patients with SSc was accompanied by elevated blood markers of oxidative stress and attenuated endogenous antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). Together, these findings reveal attenuated exercise-induced brachial artery blood flow and conduit arterial vasodilatory dysfunction during handgrip exercise in SSc and suggest that elevated oxidative stress may play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Machin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather L Clifton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Tracy M Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rossman MJ, Groot HJ, Garten RS, Witman MAH, Richardson RS. Vascular function assessed by passive leg movement and flow-mediated dilation: initial evidence of construct validity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1277-H1286. [PMID: 27638879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00421.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatory response to passive leg movement (PLM) appears to provide a novel, noninvasive assessment of vascular function. However, PLM has yet to be compared with the established noninvasive assessment of vascular health, flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Therefore, as an initial evaluation of the construct validity of PLM and upright seated and supine PLM as well as brachial (BA) and superficial femoral (SFA) artery FMDs were performed in 10 young (22 ± 1) and 30 old (73 ± 2) subjects. During upright seated PLM, the peak change in leg blood flow (ΔLBF) and leg vascular conductance (ΔLVC) was significantly correlated with BA (r = 0.57 and r = 0.66) and SFA (r = 0.44 and r = 0.41, ΔLBF and ΔLVC, respectively) FMD. Furthermore, although the relationships were not as strong, the supine PLM response was also significantly correlated with BA (r = 0.38 and r = 0.35) and SFA (r = 0.39 and r = 0.35, ΔLBF and ΔLVC, respectively) FMD. Examination of the young and old separately, however, revealed that significant relationships persisted in both groups only for the upright seated PLM response and BA FMD (young: r = 0.73 and r = 0.77; old: r = 0.35 and r = 0.45, ΔLBF and ΔLVC, respectively). Normalizing FMD for shear rate during PLM abrogated all significant relationships between the PLM and FMD response, suggesting a role for nitric oxide (NO) in these associations. Collectively, these data indicate that PLM, particularly upright seated PLM, likely provides an index of vascular health analogous to the traditional FMD test. Given the relative ease of PLM implementation, these data have important positive implications for PLM as a clinical vascular health assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Layec G, Gifford JR, Trinity JD, Hart CR, Garten RS, Park SY, Le Fur Y, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Accuracy and precision of quantitative 31P-MRS measurements of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E358-66. [PMID: 27302751 PMCID: PMC5005269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00028.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although theoretically sound, the accuracy and precision of (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) approaches to quantitatively estimate mitochondrial capacity are not well documented. Therefore, employing four differing models of respiratory control [linear, kinetic, and multipoint adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphorylation potential], this study sought to determine the accuracy and precision of (31)P-MRS assessments of peak mitochondrial adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rate utilizing directly measured peak respiration (State 3) in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. In 23 subjects of different fitness levels, (31)P-MRS during a 24-s maximal isometric knee extension and high-resolution respirometry in muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis was performed. Although significantly correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.72), both the linear (45 ± 13 mM/min) and phosphorylation potential (47 ± 16 mM/min) models grossly overestimated the calculated in vitro peak ATP synthesis rate (P < 0.05). Of the ADP models, the kinetic model was well correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.72, P < 0.05), but moderately overestimated ATP synthesis rate (P < 0.05), while the multipoint model, although being somewhat less well correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.55, P < 0.05), most accurately reflected peak ATP synthesis rate. Of note, the PCr recovery time constant (τ), a qualitative index of mitochondrial capacity, exhibited the strongest correlation with State 3 respiration (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). Therefore, this study reveals that each of the (31)P-MRS data analyses, including PCr τ, exhibit precision in terms of mitochondrial capacity. As only the multipoint ADP model did not overstimate the peak skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis, the multipoint ADP model is the only quantitative approach to exhibit both accuracy and precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Song Y Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Witman MA, Garten RS, Gifford JR, Jonathan Groot H, Trinity JD, Stehlik J, Nativi JN, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Richardson RS. Peripheral Vascular Dysfunction Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485569.90939.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Lee JF, Barrett-O'Keefe Z, Nelson AD, Garten RS, Ryan JJ, Nativi-Nicolau JN, Richardson RS, Wray DW. Impaired skeletal muscle vasodilation during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2016; 211:14-21. [PMID: 26970959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is a hallmark symptom of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which may be related to an impaired ability to appropriately increase blood flow to the exercising muscle. METHODS We evaluated leg blood flow (LBF, ultrasound Doppler), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, photoplethysmography) during dynamic, single leg knee-extensor (KE) exercise in HFpEF patients (n=21; 68 ± 2 yrs) and healthy controls (n=20; 71 ± 2 yrs). RESULTS HFpEF patients exhibited a marked attrition during KE exercise, with only 60% able to complete the exercise protocol. In participants who completed all exercise intensities (0-5-10-15 W; HFpEF, n=13; Controls, n=16), LBF was not different at 0 W and 5 W, but was 15-25% lower in HFpEF compared to controls at 10 W and 15 W (P<0.001). Likewise, leg vascular conductance (LVC), an index of vasodilation, was not different at 0 W and 5 W, but was 15-20% lower in HFpEF compared to controls at 10 W and 15 W (P<0.05). In contrast to these peripheral deficits, exercise-induced changes in central variables (HR, SV, CO), as well as MAP, were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a marked reduction in LBF and LVC in HFpEF patients during exercise that cannot be attributed to a disease-related alteration in central hemodynamics, suggesting that impaired vasodilation in the exercising skeletal muscle vasculature may play a key role in the exercise intolerance associated with this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John J Ryan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jose N Nativi-Nicolau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - D Walter Wray
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nelson AD, Rossman MJ, Witman MA, Barrett-O'Keefe Z, Groot HJ, Garten RS, Richardson RS. Nitric oxide-mediated vascular function in sepsis using passive leg movement as a novel assessment: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:991-9. [PMID: 26869709 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00961.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-cuff occlusion flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a proposed indicator of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular function. FMD is reduced in patients with sepsis and may be a marker of end organ damage and mortality. However, FMD likely does not solely reflect NO-mediated vasodilation, is technically challenging, and often demonstrates poor reproducibility. In contrast, passive leg movement (PLM), a novel methodology to assess vascular function, yields a hyperemic response that is predominately NO-dependent, reproducible, and easily measured. This study evaluated PLM as an approach to assess NO-mediated vascular function in patients with sepsis. We hypothesized that PLM-induced hyperemia, quantified by the increase in leg blood flow (LBF), would be attenuated in sepsis. In a cross-sectional study, 17 subjects in severe sepsis or septic shock were compared with 16 matched healthy controls. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess brachial artery FMD and the hyperemic response to PLM in the femoral artery. FMD was attenuated in septic compared with control subjects (1.1 ± 1.7% vs. 6.8 ± 1.3%; values are means ± SD). In terms of PLM, baseline LBF (196 ± 33 ml/min vs. 328 ± 20 ml/min), peak change in LBF from baseline (133 ± 28 ml/min vs. 483 ± 86 ml/min), and the LBF area under the curve (16 ± 8.3 vs. 143 ± 33) were all significantly attenuated in septic subjects. Vascular function, as assessed by both FMD and PLM, is attenuated in septic subjects compared with controls. These data support the concept that NO bioavailability is attenuated in septic subjects, and PLM appears to be a novel and feasible approach to assess NO-mediated vascular function in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Melissa A Witman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gifford JR, Garten RS, Nelson AD, Trinity JD, Layec G, Witman MAH, Weavil JC, Mangum T, Hart C, Etheredge C, Jessop J, Bledsoe A, Morgan DE, Wray DW, Rossman MJ, Richardson RS. Symmorphosis and skeletal muscle V̇O2 max : in vivo and in vitro measures reveal differing constraints in the exercise-trained and untrained human. J Physiol 2016; 594:1741-51. [PMID: 26614395 DOI: 10.1113/jp271229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of symmorphosis postulates a matching of structural capacity to functional demand within a defined physiological system, regardless of endurance exercise training status. Whether this concept applies to oxygen (O2 ) supply and demand during maximal skeletal muscle O2 consumption (V̇O2 max ) in humans is unclear. Therefore, in vitro skeletal muscle mitochondrial V̇O2 max (Mito V̇O2 max , mitochondrial respiration of fibres biopsied from vastus lateralis) was compared with in vivo skeletal muscle V̇O2 max during single leg knee extensor exercise (KE V̇O2 max , direct Fick by femoral arterial and venous blood samples and Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements) and whole-body V̇O2 max during cycling (Body V̇O2 max , indirect calorimetry) in 10 endurance exercise-trained and 10 untrained young males. In untrained subjects, during KE exercise, maximal O2 supply (KE Q̇O2max ) exceeded (462 ± 37 ml kg(-1) min(-1) , P < 0.05) and KE V̇O2 max matched (340 ± 22 ml kg(-1) min(-1) , P > 0.05) Mito V̇O2 max (364 ± 16 ml kg(-1) min(-1) ). Conversely, in trained subjects, both KE Q̇O2max (557 ± 35 ml kg(-1) min(-1) ) and KE V̇O2 max (458 ± 24 ml kg(-1) min(-1) ) fell far short of Mito V̇O2 max (743 ± 35 ml kg(-1) min(-1) , P < 0.05). Although Mito V̇O2 max was related to KE V̇O2 max (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) and Body V̇O2 max (r = 0.91, P < 0.05) in untrained subjects, these variables were entirely unrelated in trained subjects. Therefore, in untrained subjects, V̇O2 max is limited by mitochondrial O2 demand, with evidence of adequate O2 supply, whereas, in trained subjects, an exercise training-induced mitochondrial reserve results in skeletal muscle V̇O2 max being markedly limited by O2 supply. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro measures reveal clearly differing limitations and excesses at V̇O2 max in untrained and trained humans and challenge the concept of symmorphosis as it applies to O2 supply and demand in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyler Mangum
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Corey Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cory Etheredge
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jake Jessop
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amber Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David E Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee JF, Barrett-O'Keefe Z, Garten RS, Nelson AD, Ryan JJ, Nativi JN, Richardson RS, Wray DW. Evidence of microvascular dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart 2015; 102:278-84. [PMID: 26567228 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While vascular dysfunction is well defined in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), disease-related alterations in the peripheral vasculature of patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are not well characterised. Thus, we sought to test the hypothesis that patients with HFpEF would demonstrate reduced vascular function, at the conduit artery and microvascular levels, compared with controls. METHODS We examined conduit artery function via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and microvascular function via reactive hyperaemia (RH) following 5 min of ischaemia in 24 patients with Class II-IV HFpEF and 24 healthy controls matched for age, sex and brachial artery diameter. RESULTS FMD was reduced in patients with HFpEF compared with controls (HFpEF: 3.1±0.7%; CONTROLS 5.1±0.5%, p=0.03). However, shear rate at time of peak brachial artery dilation was lower in patients with HFpEF compared with controls (HFpEF: 42 070±4018/s; CONTROLS 69 018±9509/s, p=0.01), and when brachial artery FMD was normalised for the shear stimulus, cumulative area-under-the-curve (AUC) at peak dilation, the between-group differences were eliminated (HFpEF: 0.11±0.03%/AUC; CONTROLS 0.09±0.01%/AUC, p=0.58). RH, assessed as AUC, was lower in patients with HFpEF (HFpEF: 454±35 mL; CONTROLS 660±63 mL, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that maladaptations at the microvascular level contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF, while conduit artery vascular function is not diminished beyond that which occurs with healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ashley D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jose N Nativi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gifford JR, Trinity JD, Layec G, Garten RS, Park SY, Rossman MJ, Larsen S, Dela F, Richardson RS. Quadriceps exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the potential role of altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:882-8. [PMID: 26272320 PMCID: PMC4610006 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00460.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine if qualitative alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, associated with decreased mitochondrial efficiency, contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using permeabilized muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis of 13 patients with COPD and 12 healthy controls, complex I (CI) and complex II (CII)-driven State 3 mitochondrial respiration were measured separately (State 3:CI and State 3:CII) and in combination (State 3:CI+CII). State 2 respiration was also measured. Exercise tolerance was assessed by knee extensor exercise (KE) time to fatigue. Per milligram of muscle, State 3:CI+CII and State 3:CI were reduced in COPD (P < 0.05), while State 3:CII and State 2 were not different between groups. To determine if this altered pattern of respiration represented qualitative changes in mitochondrial function, respiration states were examined as percentages of peak respiration (State 3:CI+CII), which revealed altered contributions from State 3:CI (Con 83.7 ± 3.4, COPD 72.1 ± 2.4%Peak, P < 0.05) and State 3:CII (Con 64.9 ± 3.2, COPD 79.5 ± 3.0%Peak, P < 0.05) respiration, but not State 2 respiration in COPD. Importantly, a diminished contribution of CI-driven respiration relative to the metabolically less-efficient CII-driven respiration (CI/CII) was also observed in COPD (Con 1.28 ± 0.09, COPD 0.81 ± 0.05, P < 0.05), which was related to exercise tolerance of the patients (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). Overall, this study indicates that COPD is associated with qualitative alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondria that affect the contribution of CI and CII-driven respiration, which potentially contributes to the exercise intolerance associated with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Song-Young Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Witman MAH, Garten RS, Gifford JR, Groot HJ, Trinity JD, Stehlik J, Nativi JN, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Richardson RS. Further Peripheral Vascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure Patients With a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device: The Role of Pulsatility. JACC Heart Fail 2015; 3:703-11. [PMID: 26277768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia (RH), this study aimed to provide greater insight into left ventricular assist device (LVAD)-induced changes in peripheral vascular function. BACKGROUND Peripheral endothelial function is recognized to be impaired in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but the peripheral vascular effects of continuous-flow LVAD implantation, now used as either a bridge to transplantation or as a destination therapy, remain unclear. METHODS Sixty-eight subjects (13 New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class II HFrEF patients, 19 NYHA functional class III/IV HFrEF patients, 20 NYHA functional class III/IV HFrEF patients post-LVAD implantation, and 16 healthy age-matched control subjects) underwent FMD and RH testing in the brachial artery with blood flow velocity, artery diameters, and pulsatility index (PI) assessed by ultrasound Doppler. RESULTS PI was significantly lower in the LVAD group (2.0 ± 0.4) compared with both the HFrEF II (8.6 ± 0.8) and HFrEF III/IV (8.1 ± 0.9) patients, who, in turn, had significantly lower PI than the control subjects (12.8 ± 0.9). Likewise, LVAD %FMD/shear rate (0.09 ± 0.01 %Δ/s(-1)) was significantly reduced compared with all other groups (control subjects, 0.24 ± 0.03; HFrEF II, 0.17 ± 0.02; and HFrEF III/IV, 0.13 ± 0.02 %Δ/s(-1)), and %FMD/shear rate significantly correlated with PI (r = 0.45). RH was unremarkable across groups. CONCLUSIONS Although central hemodynamics are improved in patients with HFrEF by a continuous-flow LVAD, peripheral vascular function is further compromised, which is likely due, at least in part, to the reduction in pulsatility that is a characteristic of such a mechanical assist device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Josef Stehlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jose N Nativi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center and University of Utah Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rossman MJ, Trinity JD, Garten RS, Ives SJ, Conklin JD, Barrett-O'Keefe Z, Witman MAH, Bledsoe AD, Morgan DE, Runnels S, Reese VR, Zhao J, Amann M, Wray DW, Richardson RS. Oral antioxidants improve leg blood flow during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H977-85. [PMID: 26188020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00184.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The consequence of elevated oxidative stress on exercising skeletal muscle blood flow as well as the transport and utilization of O2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well understood. The present study examined the impact of an oral antioxidant cocktail (AOC) on leg blood flow (LBF) and O2 consumption during dynamic exercise in 16 patients with COPD and 16 healthy subjects. Subjects performed submaximal (3, 6, and 9 W) single-leg knee extensor exercise while LBF (Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure, leg vascular conductance, arterial O2 saturation, leg arterial-venous O2 difference, and leg O2 consumption (direct Fick) were evaluated under control conditions and after AOC administration. AOC administration increased LBF (3 W: 1,604 ± 100 vs. 1,798 ± 128 ml/min, 6 W: 1,832 ± 109 vs. 1,992 ± 120 ml/min, and 9W: 2,035 ± 114 vs. 2,187 ± 136 ml/min, P < 0.05, control vs. AOC, respectively), leg vascular conductance, and leg O2 consumption (3 W: 173 ± 12 vs. 210 ± 15 ml O2/min, 6 W: 217 ± 14 vs. 237 ± 15 ml O2/min, and 9 W: 244 ± 16 vs 260 ± 18 ml O2/min, P < 0.05, control vs. AOC, respectively) during exercise in COPD, whereas no effect was observed in healthy subjects. In addition, the AOC afforded a small, but significant, improvement in arterial O2 saturation only in patients with COPD. Thus, these data demonstrate a novel beneficial role of AOC administration on exercising LBF, O2 consumption, and arterial O2 saturation in patients with COPD, implicating oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target for impaired exercise capacity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rossman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Jamie D Conklin
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Melissa A H Witman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amber D Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David E Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sean Runnels
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van R Reese
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Markus Amann
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rossman MJ, Trinity JD, Garten RS, Ives SJ, Conklin JD, Barrett-O’Keefe Z, Witman MAH, Bledsoe AD, Reese VR, Zhao J, Amann M, Wray DW, Richardson RS. Limb Blood Flow During Exercise in Patients with COPD. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478582.25636.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Gifford JR, Garten RS, Mangum T, Weavil J, Nelson A, Trinity J, Witman M, Layec G, Hart C, Rossman M, Etheredge C, Groot J, Richardson R. Oxygen Delivery Limitations And Muscle Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption At VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477419.57234.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Groot HJ, Rossman MJ, Garten RS, Wang E, Helgerud J, Hoff J, Richardson RS. Physical Activity And Passive Leg Movement-Induced Vasodilation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479040.38732.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Garten RS, Groot HJ, Rossman MJ, Gifford JR, Richardson RS. Aerobic Capacity Augments Passive Limb Movement-induced Hyperemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478760.98476.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|