Genetic and molecular analysis reveals that two major loci and their interaction confer clubroot resistance in canola introgressed from rutabaga

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the serious threats to canola (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) production. The evolution of new pathotypes rendering available resistances ineffective compel the introgression of new resistance into canola and extend our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the resistance. In this paper, we report the genetic and molecular basis of clubroot resistance in canola, introgressed from a rutabaga (B. napus L. subsp. rapifera Metzg. 'Polycross'), by using a doubled-haploid (DH) mapping population. Whole-genome resequencing (WGRS)-based bulked segregant analysis followed by genetic mapping and expression analysis of the genes in resistant and susceptible DH lines at 7 and 14 d after inoculation were carried out. Following this approach, two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) located at 14.41-15.44 Mb of A03 and at 9.96-11.09 Mb of A08 chromosomes and their interaction was observed to confer resistance to pathotypes 3H, 3A, and 3D. Analysis of the genes from the two QTL regions suggested that decreased expression of sugar transporter genes (BnaA03g29290D and BnaA03g29310D) may play an important role in resistance conferred by the A03 QTL, while increased expression of the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-nucleotide binding (NB)-leucine rich repeat (LRR) (TNL) genes (BnaA08g10100D, BnaA08g09220D, and BnaA08g10540D) could be the major determinant of the resistance conferred by the A08 QTL. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers, which could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, were also developed from the two QTL regions for use in breeding including pyramiding of multiple clubroot resistance genes.

Glycerol mediated solution combustion synthesis of nano magnesia and its application in the adsorptive removal of anionic dyes

This study reports solution combustion synthesis of magnesia nanoparticles (nMgO) using magnesium nitrate as oxidiser and glycerol as fuel. Size, morphology, crystal structure and surface properties of synthesised nMgO were analysed by PXRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR and Point of Zero Charge. The XRD pattern of nMgO confirmed prepared samples were single cubic-phase without any impurities. TEM analysis proved nMgO was in nano regime with an average particle diameter of 20–40 nm. FTIR spectra show the presence of characteristic peaks of nMgO and support the XRD results. The prepared nMgO was employed as an adsorbent for the removal of two anionic dyes viz. Indigo Carmine (IC) and Orange G (OG). Furthermore, various adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were performed to understand the kinetics and mechanism of the adsorption process. Experimental results demonstrated that the adsorption equilibrium data fit well to Sips isotherm (R2 > 0.98) and the saturated adsorption capacities of nMgO were found to be 262 mg g−1 for IC and 126 mg g−1 for OG. Adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that the adsorption followed pseudo-first-order model, with both film and pore diffusion governing the rate of adsorption. Excellent adsorption capacity combined with efficient regeneration proved the potential of the prepared nMgO as an adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes from industrial effluent.