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Namatovu A, Belsham GJ, Ayebazibwe C, Dhikusooka MT, Wekesa SN, Siegismund HR, Muwanika VB, Tjørnehøj K. Challenges for Serology-Based Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Endemic Areas; Identification of Two Separate Lineages of Serotype O FMDV in Uganda in 2011. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:522-34. [PMID: 24118785 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Uganda by ring vaccination largely depends on costly trivalent vaccines, and use of monovalent vaccines could improve the cost effectiveness. This, however, requires application of highly specific diagnostic tests. This study investigated outbreaks of FMD in seven Ugandan districts, during 2011, using the PrioCHECK® FMDV NS ELISA, solid-phase blocking ELISAs (SPBEs) and virus neutralization tests (VNTs), together with virological analyses for characterization of the responsible viruses. Two hundred and eighteen (218) cattle and 23 goat sera as well as 82 oropharyngeal fluid/epithelial tissue samples were collected. Some 50% of the cattle and 17% of the goat sera were positive by the PrioCHECK® FMDV NS ELISA, while SPBEs identified titres ≥80 for antibodies against serotype O FMD virus (FMDV) in 51% of the anti-NSP positive cattle sera. However, 35% of the anti-NSP positive cattle sera had SPBE titres ≥80 against multiple serotypes, primarily against serotypes O, SAT 1 and SAT 3. Comparison of SPBEs and VNTs for the detection of antibodies against serotypes O, SAT 1 and SAT 3 in 72 NSP positive cattle sera showed comparable results against serotype O (P = 0.181), while VNTs detected significantly fewer samples positive for antibodies against SAT 1 and SAT 3 than the SPBEs (P < 0.001). Detection of antibodies against serotype O was consistent with the isolation of serotype O FMDVs from 13 samples. Four of these viruses were sequenced and belonged to two distinct lineages within the East Africa-2 (EA-2) topotype, each differing from the currently used vaccine strain (EA-1 topotype). The relationships of these lineages to other serotype O viruses in the Eastern Africa region are discussed. To enhance the control of FMD in Uganda, there is need to improve the specificity of the SAT-SPBEs, perform vaccine matching and implement improved regional FMD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Namatovu
- National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - G J Belsham
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kalvehave, Denmark
| | - C Ayebazibwe
- National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - M T Dhikusooka
- National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - S N Wekesa
- Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory, Ministry of Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - H R Siegismund
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V B Muwanika
- Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - K Tjørnehøj
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kalvehave, Denmark
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Wekesa SN, Muwanika VB, Siegismund HR, Sangula AK, Namatovu A, Dhikusooka MT, Tjørnehøj K, Balinda SN, Wadsworth J, Knowles NJ, Belsham GJ. Analysis of Recent Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses from Livestock in Kenya: Evidence of Four Independently Evolving Lineages. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:305-14. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Wekesa
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory; Ministry of Livestock Development; Embakasi Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Environmental Management; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | - V. B. Muwanika
- Department of Environmental Management; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | - H. R. Siegismund
- Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - A. K. Sangula
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory; Ministry of Livestock Development; Embakasi Nairobi Kenya
| | - A. Namatovu
- National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries; Entebbe Uganda
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | - M. T. Dhikusooka
- Department of Environmental Management; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
- National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries; Entebbe Uganda
| | - K. Tjørnehøj
- National Veterinary Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Lindholm Kalvehave Denmark
| | - S. N. Balinda
- Department of Environmental Management; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | | | | | - G. J. Belsham
- National Veterinary Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Lindholm Kalvehave Denmark
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Abstract
Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing, capsid protein and non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) regions of Sagiyama virus and eight Getah virus strains were analysed. The viruses were isolated from Malaysia and various areas of Japan over a period of 30 years. Based on the available published sequence data, oligonucleotide primers were designed for RT-PCR and the sequences were determined. Our findings showed that though there were differences in the nucleotide sequences in the nsP1 region, there was 100% amino acid homology. On the other hand, in the capsid region, the nucleotide differences caused a major difference in the amino acid sequence. Therefore, the difference in the capsid region is one of the useful markers in the genetic classification between Sagiyama virus and strains of Getah virus, and might be responsible for the serological difference in complement fixation test. The genomic differences among the Getah virus strains are due to time factor rather than geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wekesa
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan
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