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Vieujean S, Moens A, Hassid D, Rothfuss K, Savarino E, Vavricka SR, Reenaers C, Jacobsen B, Allez M, Ferrante M, Rahier JF. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease - A case series. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 17:472-479. [PMID: 36223253 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a very rare, potentially life-threatening pulmonary fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our aim was to describe immunosuppressive treatment exposure as well as the outcome in IBD patients with PJP. METHODS PJP cases were retrospectively collected through the COllaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization. Clinical data were provided through a case report form. RESULTS 18 PJP episodes were reported in 17 IBD patients (10 ulcerative colitis and 7 Crohn's disease). The median age on PJP diagnosis was 55 years (IQR, 40-68 years). Two PJP (11.1%) occurred in patients on triple immunosuppression, 10 patients (55.6%) had double immunosuppressive treatment, 4 patients (22.2%) had monotherapy and 2 PJP occurred in absence of immunosuppressive treatment (one in a human immunodeficiency virus patient and one in a patient with a history of autologous stem cell transplantation). Immunosuppressive therapies included steroids (n=12), thiopurines (n=10), infliximab (n=4), ciclosporin (n=2), methotrexate (n=1) and tacrolimus (n=1). None of the patients diagnosed with PJP had received prophylaxis. All patients were treated by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or atovaquone and an ICU stay was required in 7 cases. Two patients (aged 71 and 32 years) died, and one patient had a recurrent episode 16 months after initial treatment. Evolution was favourable for the others. CONCLUSION This case series reporting potentially fatal PJP highlights the need for adjusted prophylactic therapy in patients with IBD on immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vieujean
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Moens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Hassid
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Paris, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - K Rothfuss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Reenaers
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - B Jacobsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Paris, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - M Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J F Rahier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
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2
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Hedin CRH, Vavricka SR, Stagg AJ, Schoepfer A, Raine T, Puig L, Pleyer U, Navarini A, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Maul J, Katsanos K, Kagramanova A, Greuter T, González-Lama Y, van Gaalen F, Ellul P, Burisch J, Bettenworth D, Becker MD, Bamias G, Rieder F. The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:541-554. [PMID: 30445584 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the sixth scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] on the pathogenesis of extraintestinal manifestations [EIMs] in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. This paper has been drafted by 15 ECCO members and 6 external experts [in rheumatology, dermatology, ophthalmology, and immunology] from 10 European countries and the USA. Within the workshop, contributors formed subgroups to address specific areas. Following a comprehensive literature search, the supporting text was finalized under the leadership of the heads of the working groups before being integrated by the group consensus leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology unit, Patient Area Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A J Stagg
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bart's and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A Schoepfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - U Pleyer
- University Eye Clinic, Uveitis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - J Maul
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina School of Medical Sciences, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Kagramanova
- IBD Department, The Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Greuter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y González-Lama
- IBD Unit, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - F van Gaalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center [LUMC], Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P Ellul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - J Burisch
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Abdominal Center K, Medical Section, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M D Becker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland & Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Bamias
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - F Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Lang BM, Biedermann L, van Haaften WT, de Vallière C, Schuurmans M, Begré S, Zeitz J, Scharl M, Turina M, Greuter T, Schreiner P, Heinrich H, Kuntzen T, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, Beerenwinkel N, Misselwitz B. Genetic polymorphisms associated with smoking behaviour predict the risk of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:55-66. [PMID: 29052254 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a strong environmental factor leading to adverse outcomes in Crohn's disease, but a more benign course in ulcerative colitis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with smoking quantity and behaviour. AIM To assess whether smoking-associated SNPs interact with smoking to influence the clinical course of inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS Genetic and prospectively obtained clinical data from 1434 Swiss inflammatory bowel disease cohort patients (821 Crohn's disease and 613 ulcerative colitis) were analysed. Six SNPs associated with smoking quantity and behaviour (rs588765, rs1051730, rs1329650, rs4105144, rs6474412 and rs3733829) were combined to form a risk score (range: 0-12) by adding the number of risk alleles. We calculated multivariate models for smoking, risk of surgery, fistula, Crohn's disease location and ulcerative colitis disease extent. RESULTS In Crohn's disease patients who smoke, the number of surgeries was associated with the genetic risk score. This translates to a predicted 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.4- to 5.7-fold, P<.0001) higher number of surgical procedures in smokers with 12 risk alleles than individuals with the lowest risk. Patients with a risk score >7 had a significantly shorter time to first intestinal surgery. The genetic risk score did not predict surgery in ulcerative colitis or occurrence of fistulae in Crohn's disease. SNP rs6265 was associated with ileal disease in Crohn's disease (P<.05) and proctitis in ulcerative colitis (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS SNPs associated with smoking quantity is associated with an increased risk for surgery in Crohn's disease patients who smoke. Our data provide an example of genetics interacting with the environment to influence the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W T van Haaften
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Schuurmans
- Division of Pneumology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Begré
- Hohenegg Hospital, Meilen, Switzerland
| | - J Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Turina
- Division of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Greuter
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Schreiner
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Heinrich
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Kuntzen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Misselwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Safroneeva E, Vavricka SR, Fournier N, Pittet V, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Straumann A, Rogler G, Schoepfer AM. Impact of the early use of immunomodulators or TNF antagonists on bowel damage and surgery in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:977-89. [PMID: 26271358 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of early treatment with immunomodulators (IM) and/or TNF antagonists on bowel damage in Crohn's disease (CD) patients is unknown. AIM To assess whether 'early treatment' with IM and/or TNF antagonists, defined as treatment within a 2-year period from the date of CD diagnosis, was associated with development of lesser number of disease complications when compared to 'late treatment', which was defined as treatment initiation after >2 years from the time of CD diagnosis. METHODS Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study were analysed. The following outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazard modelling: bowel strictures, perianal fistulas, internal fistulas, intestinal surgery, perianal surgery and any of the aforementioned complications. RESULTS The 'early treatment' group of 292 CD patients was compared to the 'late treatment' group of 248 CD patients. We found that 'early treatment' with IM or TNF antagonists alone was associated with reduced risk of bowel strictures [hazard ratio (HR) 0.496, P = 0.004 for IM; HR 0.276, P = 0.018 for TNF antagonists]. Furthermore, 'early treatment' with IM was associated with reduced risk of undergoing intestinal surgery (HR 0.322, P = 0.005), and perianal surgery (HR 0.361, P = 0.042), as well as developing any complication (HR 0.567, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with immunomodulators or TNF antagonists within the first 2 years of CD diagnosis was associated with reduced risk of developing bowel strictures, when compared to initiating these drugs >2 years after diagnosis. Furthermore, early immunomodulators treatment was associated with reduced risk of intestinal surgery, perianal surgery and any complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Safroneeva
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Fournier
- Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Pittet
- Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - A Straumann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A M Schoepfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Wildi SM, Schoepfer AM, Vavricka SR, Fruehauf H, Safroneeva E, Wiegand N, Bauerfeind P, Fried M. Colorectal polypectomy during insertion and withdrawal or only during withdrawal? A randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 2012; 44:1019-23. [PMID: 22930173 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1310237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Removal of colorectal polyps is routinely performed during withdrawal of the endoscope. However, polyps detected during insertion of the colonoscope may be missed at withdrawal. We aimed to evaluate whether polypectomy during both insertion and withdrawal increases polyp detection and removal rates compared with polypectomy at withdrawal only, and to assess the duration of both approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were included into the study when the first polyp was detected, and randomized into two groups; in group A, polyps ≤ 10 mm in diameter were removed during insertion and withdrawal of the colonoscope, while in group B, these polyps were removed at withdrawal only. Main outcome measures were duration of colonoscopy, number of polyps detected during insertion but not recovered during withdrawal, technical ease, patient discomfort, and complications. RESULTS 150 patients were randomized to group A and 151 to group B. Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) duration of colonoscopy did not differ between the groups (30.8 ± 15.6 min [A] vs. 28.5 ± 13.8 min [B], P = 0.176). In group A 387 polyps (mean 2.58 per colonoscopy) were detected and removed compared with 389 polyps detected (mean 2.58 per colonoscopy) in group B of which 376 were removed (13 polyps were missed, mean size [SD] 3.2 [1.3] mm; 7.3 % of patients). Patient tolerance was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Removal of polyps ≤ 10 mm during withdrawal only is associated with a considerable polyp miss rate. We therefore recommend that these polyps are removed during both insertion and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wildi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Vavricka SR, Tutuian R, Imhof A, Wildi S, Gubler C, Fruehauf H, Ruef C, Schoepfer AM, Fried M. Air suctioning during colon biopsy forceps removal reduces bacterial air contamination in the endoscopy suite. Endoscopy 2010; 42:736-41. [PMID: 20806157 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Bacterial contamination of endoscopy suites is of concern; however studies evaluating bacterial aerosols are lacking. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of air suctioning during removal of biopsy forceps in reducing bacterial air contamination. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective single-blinded trial involving 50 patients who were undergoing elective nontherapeutic colonoscopy. During colonoscopy, endoscopists removed the biopsy forceps first without and then with suctioning following contact with the sigmoid mucosa. A total of 50 L of air was collected continuously for 30 seconds at 30-cm distance from the biopsy channel valve of the colonoscope, with time starting at forceps removal. Airborne bacteria were collected by an impactor air sampler (MAS-100). Standard Petri dishes with CNA blood agar were used to culture Gram-positive bacteria. Main outcome measure was the bacterial load in endoscopy room air. RESULTS At the beginning and end of the daily colonoscopy program, the median (and interquartile [IQR] range) bioaerosol burden was 4 colony forming units (CFU)/m (3) (IQR 3 - 6) and 16 CFU/m (3) (IQR 13 - 18), respectively. Air suctioning during removal of the biopsy forceps reduced the bioaerosol burden from a median of 14 CFU/m (3) (IQR 11 - 29) to a median of 7 CFU/m (3) (IQR 4 - 16) ( P = 0.0001). Predominantly enterococci were identified on the agar plates. CONCLUSION The bacterial aerosol burden during handling of biopsy forceps can be reduced by applying air suction while removing the forceps. This simple method may reduce transmission of infectious agents during gastrointestinal endoscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Vavricka SR, Rogler G. Recent advances in the etiology and treatment of Crohn's disease. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2010; 56:203-211. [PMID: 20485257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). A number of susceptibility genes have been detected by large genome wide screening-approaches. We do not completely understand the function of most of these genetic variants, however, there is good evidence that most of them are associated with the recognition and detection of luminal bacteria as well as defence against this microbiota. The important role of intestinal bacteria for the onset of CD is now clear. The intestinal bacteria and other "environmental" factors certainly contribute to CD pathogenesis: the respective genetic variations now termed as "susceptibility factors" exist since ten thousands of years. However, the incidence of CD is largely dependent on factors such as childhood hygiene or socioeconomic status; factors that are determined by living conditions and environment. New therapeutic concepts emerge from these insights. The most important progress in recent years certainly is the introduction of biologics in the therapy of CD. TNF blockers have been shown to be very effective for the control of complicated disease courses. However, more time will be needed until the concepts on pathogenesis evolve into new therapeutics that are introduced into clinical routine and guidelines. The hygiene hypothesis has led to the administration of helminths to CD patients to modulate the intestinal immune system. Another new approach is to improve the mucosal barrier function, which has been shown to be impaired in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Schwitzerland
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8
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Oliver R, Vavricka SR. [Assessment of chronic abdominal pain]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2010; 99:399-408. [PMID: 20358513 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Oliver
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich
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10
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Burri E, Nüesch R, Lugli A, Noll P, Vavricka SR. [Early gastric cancer--or not]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2008; 97:1351-1355. [PMID: 19085848 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157.97.25.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 46-year old female patient presented with non-specific epigastric discomfort that had been present for 6 months. Endoscopic work-up showed a small gastric polyp and biopsy samples revealed adenocarcinoma. There was no evidence of metastatic disease or penetration of the muscle layer on endosonography, rating the tumor as early gastric cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was unsuccessful due to bleeding complications and the patient was treated with subtotal gastrectomy. Surprisingly, the final histological diagnosis revealed a highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and the initial diagnosis had to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Burri
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel.
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11
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Gubler C, Bauerfeind P, Vavricka SR, Mullhaupt B, Fried M, Wildi SM. Bedside sonographic control for positioning enteral feeding tubes: a controlled study in intensive care unit patients. Endoscopy 2006; 38:1256-60. [PMID: 17163329 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM The correct placement of an enteral feeding tube in the duodenum in critically ill patients is usually controlled radiographically. However, a direct bedside method that obviates the need for exposure to radiation would be preferable. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of bedside sonographic position control for placing enteral feeding tubes in critically ill patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS After placement of the enteral feeding tube, the position of the tip was determined using bedside transabdominal ultrasound. Native ultrasound was enhanced by injection of air bubbles into the feeding tube. The tube was regarded as being correctly positioned when the tube was visualized within the second or third parts of the duodenum. Plain abdominal radiographs with contrast served as the gold standard test. RESULTS A total of 76 consecutive examinations were analyzed. In 12 patients, access to the upper abdominal wall was not possible because of open wounds; in another 13 patients who had undergone extensive abdominal surgery, the duodenum could not be identified and so no conclusion could be reached regarding the position of the tube. In 51/76 patients (67 %) ultrasound identified the duodenum and it was possible to determine the position of the tube (46 true positives and 2 true negatives); the position was incorrectly diagnosed in three patients. The sensitivity was 96 % (95 %CI 87 % - 98 %) and the specificity was 50 % (95 %CI 36 % - 65 %), with a positive predictive value of 94 %. CONCLUSIONS Bedside sonographic control of the positioning of enteral feeding tubes is very sensitive and can be a valuable alternative to radiological control, especially in patients without open abdominal wounds, external installations, or extensive abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gubler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who have not been treated with fludarabin are rare, although clinically relevant CD4 T-cell depletion can occur in longstanding CLL without prior treatment with purine analogues. A 52 year old woman is reported who was on long term treatment with chlorambucil and taking a short course of prednisone for familial CLL before she developed progressive dyspnoea, and P carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Despite treatment with high dose co-trimoxazole the patient died.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifunctional laser devices can be used to treat tattoos successfully. OBJECTIVES To report the efficacy of laser treatment in professional, amateur, accidental and permanent make-up tattoos from our own experience and to compare it with the literature. METHODS We retrospectively studied 74 consecutive patients with professional, amateur, make-up and accidental tattoos between June 1998 and November 2000. Patients were treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm), a Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) and a variable pulse Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). RESULTS Fourteen patients (19%) achieved a complete response (>95% lightening of treated tattoos), 23 (31%) an excellent response (76-95% lightening) and 21 (28%) a good response (51-75% lightening). Sixteen patients (22%) showed only a slight improvement (< or =50% lightening). Make-up tattoos and blue-black professional tattoos were most successfully treated. Multicoloured professional tattoos needed more treatments (mean +/- SD 5.7 +/- 5.4) in comparison with single-colour tattoos (3.5 +/- 2.0). The amateur tattoos needed fewer treatments (2.8 +/- 1.1) in comparison with professional tattoos. With accidental tattoos the results depended on the particles which had penetrated the skin. In contrast to literature reports, newer tattoos showed a trend to better treatment results than older tattoos. CONCLUSIONS Using modern Q-switched lasers, tattoos are removed successfully with minimal risk of scarring and permanent pigmentary alterations. Even multicoloured tattoos can be treated successfully and with a low rate of side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Prinz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonists are an established therapeutic option in Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In recently published studies these agents have been used with great success, but little is known about any side effects or long term consequences. They increase the frequency of infections with mycobacteria, where TNFalpha is thought to be an important host defence factor. We describe one patient who was treated with TNFalpha antagonists and later developed pulmonary granulomas with caseating necrosis without detection of mycobacteria or any other pathogens. Possible mechanisms involved in this newly recognised side effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vavricka SR, Walter RB, Brändle M, Ballmer PE, Haller A. [Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. 24 consecutive cases]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002; 127:2441-6. [PMID: 12432484 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia (HH) remain life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus. Herein, we evaluated a standardized protocol for the therapy of acute hyperglycemic crises. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study of patients treated in a medical intensive care unit for acute and severe hyperglycemia. Therapy was standardized according to internal guidelines effective for all treating physicians. RESULTS 24 diabetic patients (11 men, 13 women, age 54 +/- 16 years, 11 DKA, 13 HH) were included into this study. All except one patient in the DKA-group had diabetes mellitus type 1. All patients with HH had diabetes mellitus type 2. Patients with DKA were significantly younger and complained more often about nausea and vomiting compared to the HH-group. Infections were the major cause for acute hyperglycemia followed by non-compliance. The arterial pH-value in the DKA-group was lower than in the HH-group (7,07 +/- 0,12 vs. 7,36 +/- 0,05). The length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1,8 +/- 1,2 days in patients with DKA and 2,2 +/- 1,2 days in patients with HH. The length of stay in the hospital was 11,5 +/- 5,9 days in patients with DKA and 18,3 +/- 10,9 days in patients with HH. No patient died during hospitalization. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the relevance of standardized written guidelines for the therapy of acute hyperglycemic crises in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital, Winterthur, Schweiz, Germany.
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Vavricka SR, Halter J, Furrer K, Wolfensberger U, Schanz U. Contrast media triggering cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 29:899-901. [PMID: 12080354 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2001] [Accepted: 02/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media are varied and known to develop in patients with asthma and a history of allergy. We describe three successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients, who all developed dermal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after receiving contrast media. Cutaneous GVHD triggered by contrast media has not been reported to date and has implications for the assessment, monitoring and treatment of patients during the post-transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vavricka
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich Switzerland
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