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Azizan NZ, Ambrose D, Sabeera B, Mohsin SS, Pf W, Mohd Affandi A, Cc C, Gopinathan LP, Taib T, Tan WC, Khor YH, Heah SS, Wl L, Zainuri Z, Ainol Haniza KH, Yusof M, Tukimin S. Management of Atopic Eczema in primary care. Malays Fam Physician 2020; 15:39-43. [PMID: 32284803 PMCID: PMC7136679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction : Atopic eczema (AE) is a common inflammatory skin dermatosis that is increasing in prevalence. However, it can present in various clinical presentations, which leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, especially in a primary care setting. The Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atopic Eczema was developed by a multidisciplinary development group and approved by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in 2018. It covers the aspects of diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Azizan
- MB BCh (NUI), MRCP (UK), AdvMDerm (UKM) Jabatan Dermatologi, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D Ambrose
- MD (UKM), MRCP (Ire), Fellowship in Derm (MOH, M'sia) Jabatan Dermatologi Hospital Ampang
| | - Bki Sabeera
- MBBS (Bangalore), Master of Paediatrics (UM), Fellowship in Paeds Derm (MOH, M'sia) Institut Pediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Mohsin
- MBBS (MAHE), M. Med Family Medicine (UKM) Klinik Kesihatan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wong Pf
- MBBS (IMU), Dr Fam Med (UKM), MAFP (Mal), FRACGP (Aus) Klinik Kesihatan Cheras Baru Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Mohd Affandi
- MBChB (UK), MRCP (UK), AdvMDerm (UKM) Jabatan Dermatologi Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ch'ng Cc
- MBBS (UM), MRCP (UK), AdvMDerm (UKM) Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L P Gopinathan
- MD (Ind), Master of Paediatrics (UM), MRCPCH (UK) Jabatan Pediatrik, Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Malaysia
| | - T Taib
- MD (UKM), MMed (UKM), AdvMDerm (UKM) Jabatan Perubatan, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Selayang, Selangor
| | - W C Tan
- MD (USM), Dip STD/HIV (COTTISA) Dip Derm Glasgow), MRCP (Ire), Fellowship in Dermatology (Singapore), AdvMDerm (UKM) FAAD (US), AM (Malaysia) Jabatan Dermatologi, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Geogetown, Malaysia
| | - Y H Khor
- MD (UKM), MRCP (UK), AdvMDerm (UKM) Jabatan Dermatologi, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Geogetown Malaysia
| | - S S Heah
- MBBS (UM), MRCPCH (UK), Fellowship in Paediatric Dermatology (MOH, M'sia) Institut Pediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leow Wl
- BPharm (USM) Jabatan Farmasi, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z Zainuri
- BSc in Dietetic (UKM), MMedSci in Human Nutrition (Sheffield) Institut Paediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K H Ainol Haniza
- DDS (UGM) Cawangan Penilaian Teknologi Kesihatan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Putrajaya Malaysia
| | - Mam Yusof
- MD (UKM), MPH (Epid) (UM) Cawangan Penilaian Teknologi Kesihatan, Bahagian Perkembangan Perubatan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Smt Tukimin
- BSc Hons in Dietetic (UKM) Institut Paediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Majima M, Katori M, Hanazuka M, Mizogami S, Nakano T, Nakao Y, Mikami R, Uryu H, Okamura R, Mohsin SS. Suppression of rat deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension by kallikrein-kinin system. Hypertension 1991; 17:806-13. [PMID: 1710605 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.17.6.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brown Norway kininogen-deficient rats had very low levels of plasma kininogens and lower levels of plasma prekallikrein, compared with those of normal rats of the same strain. Systolic blood pressure, determined by the tail-cuff method, of 5-week-old kininogen-deficient rats (106 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, n = 7) and the rate of systolic blood pressure increase with age were not different from those in normal rats. Weekly injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate (5 mg/kg s.c.) with 1% sodium chloride solution in drinking water after uninephrectomy at 7 weeks of age caused a gradual increase in the blood pressure of normal rats, reaching a plateau at 18 weeks of age, whereas that of deficient rats rose rapidly to 158 +/- 6 mm Hg 2 weeks after the start of treatment and continued to increase slightly, becoming significantly higher than normal rats at 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 weeks of age (p less than 0.05 or 0.01). The levels of urinary prokallikrein and active kallikrein were slightly higher in deficient rats before deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment but were not significantly increased after this treatment, whereas these levels in normal rats were increased 3.6- and 4.7-fold by this treatment. Urinary free kinin, collected from the ureter in untreated deficient rats, was below the detection limit. The plasma level of low molecular weight kininogen, the substrate of glandular kallikrein, was decreased in normal rats during the treatment. Continuous subcutaneous injection of aprotinin by an osmotic pump to normal rats induced significant increase in blood pressure. These results indicate that glandular kallikrein may play a suppressive role in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
In recent years, numerous agents have been recognized as inflammatory mediators. In this review, however, we discuss only those having direct relevance to human inflammatory diseases These mediators are clinically important due to their proinflammatory properties such as vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, pain and chemotaxis. They may lead to the fifth cardinal sign, loss of function in inflammatory diseases. Agonists and non-specific antagonists are used as pharmacological tools to investigate the inflammatory role of PGs, LTs, PAF, IL-1, histamine, complement, SP, PMN-leukocytes, and kallikrein-kininogen-kinin systems. Unfortunately, no compound is known which concurrently abolishes all actions and interactions of inflammatory mediators. Therefore it would be highly useful to promote efforts in developing selective and competitive antagonists against proinflammatory actions of these chemical mediators. This may help to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions, and it may also be useful for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang
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