Occurrence of hyperventilation-induced high amplitude rhythmic slowing with altered awareness after successful treatment of typical absence seizures and a network hypothesis.
Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2021;
6:185-188. [PMID:
34258479 PMCID:
PMC8255168 DOI:
10.1016/j.cnp.2021.03.009]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that typical absence seizures (AS) and hyperventilation-induced high amplitude rhythmic slowing (HIHARS) or HIHARS with Altered Awareness (HIHARSAA) can coexist in the same patient, but never at the same time.
We found that alkalosis and dysfunction of the same neural network are involved in both AS and HIHARS.
AS and HIHARS should be better recognized to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
AS and HIHARS can coexist in the same patient, but never at the same time.
Background
Typical absence seizures (AS) are epileptic phenomena typically appearing in children 4–15 years of age and can be elicited by hyperventilation (HV). Hyperventilation-induced high-amplitude rhythmic slowing (HIHARS) represents a paraphysiological response during HV and may manifest with alteration of awareness (HIHARSAA). To date, HIHARSAA has mostly been described in patients without epilepsy.
Aim
To describe five patients with treatment-responsive typical AS who, after becoming seizure free, presented with HIHARSAA.
Methods
By using video-electroencephalographic recording (Video-EEG), we describe differential clinical characteristics and ictal electrophysiological patterns of both typical AS and HIHARSAA.
Results
We demonstrate that when HIHARSAA occurs in patients with typical AS there is a temporal window between the two phenomena. This suggests that the presence of typical AS precludes the appearance of HIHARSAA.
Conclusions
We hypothesize that alkalosis and dysfunction of the same neural network are involved in both typical AS and HIHARSAA and that their distinct electroclinic manifestations are due to the involvement of different ion channels.
Significance
A better understanding of the characteristics of typical AS and HIHARSAA and of the role of alkalosis in both, can help avoiding misdiagnosis and identifying more suitable therapies for typical AS.
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