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Marciniak H, Hristova S, Deneva V, Kamounah FS, Hansen PE, Lochbrunner S, Antonov L. Dynamics of excited state proton transfer in nitro substituted 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:26621-26629. [PMID: 28953273 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04476c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ground state tautomerism and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ) and its nitro derivatives, 7-nitrobenzo[h]quinolin-10-ol (2) and 7,9-dinitrobenzo[h]quinolin-10-ol (3), have been studied in acetonitrile using steady state as well as time dependent spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. In addition to the enol form absorbance in the range 360-390 nm, the absorption spectra of 2 and 3 exhibit a red shifted band at ∼450 nm. Chemometric data processing, based on individual band decomposition, allowed us to estimate the position of the ground state enol-keto tautomeric equilibrium (ΔG values of 1.03 and 0.62 kcal mol-1 respectively for 2 and 3). The fluorescence stems from the keto form even if the enol form is optically excited as proven by the shape of the excitation spectra indicating that ESIPT takes place. The Stokes shift of the substituted compounds is substantially lower compared to HBQ, which follows from the fact that the substitution occurs in the formal cyclohexa-2,4-dienone moiety and leads to a decrease of the HOMO level of the keto tautomer. The pump-probe experiments show that in the nitro substituted HBQs 2 and 3 ESIPT occurs with a time constant of 0.89 ps and 0.68 ps, respectively. In both cases a mixture of the enol and proton transfer forms is optically excited. The enol form exhibits then the ESIPT and subsequently both fractions take the same relaxation path. We propose that in 2 and 3 the ESIPT path exhibits a potential energy barrier resulting in an incoherent rate governed process while in HBQ the ESIPT proceeds as a ballistic wavepacket motion along a path without significant barriers. The theoretical calculations (M06-2X/TZVP) confirm the existence of a barrier in the ground and excited states as result of the substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marciniak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Manolova Y, Marciniak H, Tschierlei S, Fennel F, Kamounah FS, Lochbrunner S, Antonov L. Solvent control of intramolecular proton transfer: is 4-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1-naphthaldehyde a proton crane? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:7316-7325. [PMID: 28239718 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent dependent excited state dynamics of 4-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1-naphthaldehyde (compound 2), a candidate for a molecular switch based on intramolecular proton transfer, was investigated by ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. In acetonitrile a mixture of molecules in the enol and zwitterionic proton transfer (PT) form exists in the ground state. However, the zwitterion is the energetically favored one in the electronically excited state. Optical excitation of the enol form results in intramolecular proton transfer and formation of the PT form within 1.4 ps. In addition we observe the appearance of a long living species with a rate of 1/(330 ps) which returns to the original ground state on time scales beyond 2 ns and which is attributed to the triplet state. In toluene the enol form is the only observed ground state tautomer, but no light induced proton transfer occurs. Again the long living triplet state is formed, even with a faster rate of 1/(11 ps). In methanol hydrogen bonds between 2 and solvent molecules stabilize strongly the PT form in the ground as well as in the excited state. Also in this case no light induced intramolecular proton transfer was observed but the formation of a long living species was. However, its absorption spectrum is distinctly different from the triplet state seen in acetonitrile and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Manolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.Bonchev str., bldg. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - H Marciniak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Tschierlei
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F S Kamounah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - S Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Antonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.Bonchev str., bldg. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Plötz PA, Polyutov SP, Ivanov SD, Fennel F, Wolter S, Niehaus T, Xie Z, Lochbrunner S, Würthner F, Kühn O. Biphasic aggregation of a perylene bisimide dye identified by exciton-vibrational spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25110-25119. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The quantum efficiency of light emission supramolecular aggregates strongly depends on the intermolecular coupling. We present a molecule which demonstrates two different aggregated structures with high and low quantum efficiency. The spectral signatures can be understood by simulating the aggregated structures and the corresponding exciton-vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-A. Plötz
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. P. Polyutov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy
| | - S. D. Ivanov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Fennel
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. Wolter
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - T. Niehaus
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Institut Lumière Matière
- F-69622
- France
| | - Z. Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - S. Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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4
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Manolova Y, Kurteva V, Antonov L, Marciniak H, Lochbrunner S, Crochet A, Fromm KM, Kamounah FS, Hansen PE. 4-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydes: proton transfer or deprotonation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10238-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton captured/proton lost: in 4-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde concentration dependent deprotonation is observed, while when a piperidine unit is attached the proton is captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Manolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia 1113
- Bulgaria
| | - V. Kurteva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia 1113
- Bulgaria
| | - L. Antonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia 1113
- Bulgaria
| | - H. Marciniak
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18051 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18051 Rostock
- Germany
| | - A. Crochet
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - K. M. Fromm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - F. S. Kamounah
- Department of Science, Systems and Models
- Roskilde University
- DK-4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - P. E. Hansen
- Department of Science, Systems and Models
- Roskilde University
- DK-4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
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5
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Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Lochbrunner S, Vehse M, Seitz H, Klinkenberg ED, Meiwes-Broer KH. Machining of Biocompatible Ceramics with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4093/bmt-2013-4093.xml. [PMID: 24042670 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Meiwes-Broer KH, Vehse M, Seitz H, Senz V, Sternberg K, Lochbrunner S. Machining of Biocompatible Polymers with Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4085/bmt-2013-4085.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Lütgens M, Chatzipapadopoulos S, Lochbrunner S. Ultrafast CARS with Improved Spectral Resolution. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Wolter S, Seidel M, Würthner F, Lochbrunner S. Observation of Two-Exciton States in Perylene Bisimide Aggregates. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Vehse M, Gieseke M, Fiedler S, Petersen S, Irsig R, Senz V, Löbler M, Hustedt M, Kaierle S, Haferkamp H, Sternberg K, Schmitz KP, Lochbrunner S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Seitz H. Loading method for discrete drug depots on implant surfaces. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Schuster C, Rothe N, Svanidze AV, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Senz V, Vehse M, Seitz H, Lochbrunner S. Material processing with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Wenda S, Neubauer A, Hellmuth F, Lochbrunner S, Kragl U. Einfluss ultrakurzer Laserpulse auf die Hydrolyseaktivität saurer Phosphatasen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Schriever C, Lochbrunner S, Riedle E, Nesbitt DJ. Ultrasensitive ultraviolet-visible 20 fs absorption spectroscopy of low vapor pressure molecules in the gas phase. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:013107. [PMID: 18248022 DOI: 10.1063/1.2834877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe an ultrasensitive pump-probe spectrometer for transient absorption measurements in the gas phase and in solution. The tunable UV pump and the visible (450-740 nm) probe pulses are generated by two independently tunable noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers, providing a temporal resolution of 20 fs. A homebuilt low gain photodetector is used to accommodate strong probe pulses with a shot noise significantly lower than the overall measurement noise. A matched digitizing scheme for single shot analysis of the light pulses at kilohertz repetition rates that minimizes the electronic noise contributions to the transient absorption signal is developed. The data processing scheme is optimized to yield best suppression of the laser excess noise and thereby transient absorbance changes down to 1.1 x 10(-6) can be resolved. A collinear focusing geometry optimized for a 50 mm interaction length combined with a heatable gas cell allows us to perform measurements on substances with low vapor pressures, e.g., on medium sized molecules which are crystalline at room temperature. As an application example highlighting the capability of this instrument, we present the direct time-domain observation of the ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2(')-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole in the gas phase. We are able to compare the resulting dynamics in the gas phase and in solution with a temporal precision of better than 5 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schriever
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
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13
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Marciniak H, Fiebig M, Huth M, Schiefer S, Nickel B, Selmaier F, Lochbrunner S. Ultrafast exciton relaxation in microcrystalline pentacene films. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:176402. [PMID: 17995352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.176402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The exciton dynamics in microcrystalline pentacene films is investigated by transient absorption measurements with 30 fs time resolution. It is found that the emission from photoexcited Frenkel excitons decays within 70 fs due to the ultrafast formation of an excitonic species with a strongly reduced transition dipole to the ground state and an absorption dipole in the plane of the film. We propose that an excimer exciton is formed and stabilized by changes of the local crystal structure. The subsequent dynamics is dominated by diffusion controlled annihilation and trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marciniak
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
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14
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Abstract
We report the generation of shaped tunable ultrashort ultraviolet pulses with full control over the spectral phase and amplitude. The output of a noncollinearly phase-matched optical parametric amplifier is shaped in phase and amplitude by a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. The resulting structured visible pulses are transferred into the ultraviolet by sum-frequency mixing with strongly chirped 775 nm pulses. Single, double, and triple pulses at 344 nm with subpulses as short as 19 fs are explicitly demonstrated. The method can easily be adapted to arbitrarily shaped pulses throughout the 295-370 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schriever
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
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15
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Lochbrunner S, Szeghalmi A, Stock K, Schmitt M. Ultrafast proton transfer of 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone: Reaction path from resonance Raman and transient absorption studies. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:244315. [PMID: 16035765 DOI: 10.1063/1.1914764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular degrees of freedom contributing to the ultrafast excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone are determined. Thereto, resonance Raman studies are combined with transient absorption measurements with 30-fs time resolution. Enhanced Raman intensity is found in coordinates that are dominantly associated with deformations and bond length changes in the naphthalene chromophore. This indicates that the primary changes after the optical excitation are a geometric relaxation of the chromophore. A ringing of the molecule after the ultrafast proton transfer is observed by the transient absorption measurements. It reveals the nuclear coordinates contributing to the reaction path beyond the Franck-Condon region. There, planar H-chelate ring deformations changing the donor-acceptor distance are found to dominate. The difference in the observed vibrational signatures indicates a significant turn in the reaction path.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lochbrunner
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
The photo-Fries rearrangement of 4-tert-butylphenyl acetate dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated by two-color femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy. The spectral transmission changes are characterized in the visible and ultraviolet spectral region and allow for the first time to temporally resolve the primary reaction steps. We find that the photoinduced homolytic cleavage of the CO bond occurs within 2 ps and that the geminate recombination of the generated radical pair to the intermediate substituted cyclohexadienone takes 13 ps. The experimental results support a model in which the initial reaction proceeds from the originally excited pipi(*) state via a barrier to a dissociative pisigma(*) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lochbrunner
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
Stable interference between the outputs of two noncollinearly phase-matched optical parametric amplifiers seeded by separate white-light continua has been observed. This means that the tunable visible pulses have a well-defined relative phase and that the temporal jitter between them is less than 1 fs. The residual phase variations are due to fluctuations of the pump power.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baum
- Sektion Physik, Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 Munich, Germany
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Fiebig T, Stock K, Lochbrunner S, Riedle E. Femtosecond charge transfer dynamics in artificial donor/acceptor systems: switching from adiabatic to nonadiabatic regimes by small structural changes. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Lochbrunner S, Schultz T, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Dynamics of excited-state proton transfer systems via time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1345876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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21
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Schmitt M, Lochbrunner S, Shaffer JP, Larsen JJ, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Electronic continua in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. II. Corresponding ionization correlations. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Blanchet V, Lochbrunner S, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Larsen JJ, Zgierski MZ, Seideman T, Stolow A. Towards disentangling coupled electronic-vibrational dynamics in ultrafast non-adiabatic processes. Faraday Discuss 2000:33-48; discussion 79-102. [PMID: 11040499 DOI: 10.1039/b001138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is emerging as a new technique for investigating polyatomic excited state dynamics. Due to the sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy to both electronic configurations and vibrational dynamics, it is well suited to the study of non-adiabatic processes such as internal conversion, which often occur on sub-picosecond time scales. We discuss the technical requirements for such experiments, including lasers systems, energy- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometers and new detectors for coincidence experiments. We present a few examples of these methods applied to problems in diatomic wavepacket dynamics and ultrafast non-adiabatic processes in polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanchet
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lochbrunner S, Wurzer AJ, Riedle E. Ultrafast excited-state proton transfer and subsequent coherent skeletal motion of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Fuß W, Lochbrunner S, Müller A, Schikarski T, Schmid W, Trushin S. Pathway approach to ultrafast photochemistry: potential surfaces, conical intersections and isomerizations of small polyenes. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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