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Thota SM, Chan KL, Pradhan SS, Nagabushana B, Priyanka GB, Sunil HV, Kanneganti V, Vasoya P, Vinnakote KM, Viswamitra S, Thambisetty M, Kumar D, Tiwari V, Joshy EV, Sivaramakrishnan V. Multimodal Imaging and Visual Evoked Potentials Reveal Key Structural and Functional Features That Distinguish Symptomatic From Presymptomatic Huntington's Disease Brain. Neurol India 2021; 69:1247-1258. [PMID: 34747792 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.329528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric abnormalities. Currently, matched analyses of structural and functional differences in the brain from the same study cohort and, specifically, in HD patients from an ethnically diverse Indian population are lacking. Such findings aid in identifying noninvasive and sensitive imaging biomarkers. Objective The aim of the study was to understand the structural and functional differences between HD and control brain, and presymptomatic and symptomatic HD brain in the Indian population. Materials and Methods Seventeen HD (11 symptomatic HD [S-HD] and six presymptomatic HD [P-HD], with comparable CAG repeats), and 12 healthy controls were examined. Macrostructural (volume), microstructural (diffusivity), and functional (neurochemical levels and glucose metabolism) imaging of the brain was done along with the determination of visual latencies. Results HD brain showed increased intercaudate distance; significant subcortical volumetric loss; reduced fractional anisotropy; increased mean, axial, and radial diffusivity; lower levels of total N-acetyl aspartate; elevated total choline levels; and reduced glucose metabolism compared with control brain. Interestingly, compared with P-HD, S-HD patients demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between age at onset and CAG repeat length, and prolonged P100 latency. In addition, caudate and putamen in S-HD brain showed significant volumetric loss and increased diffusivity compared with P-HD brain. Conclusions HD brain showed distinct macrostructural, microstructural, and functional differences compared with control brain in the Indian population. Interestingly, patients with S-HD had a significant volumetric loss, increased diffusivity, altered neurochemical profile, and delayed P100 latency compared with P-HD patients. Examining these alterations clinically could aid in monitoring the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Nagabushana
- Department of Radiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G B Priyanka
- FDI + Care, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CT, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Sunil
- FDI + Care, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CT, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidyasagar Kanneganti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan Vasoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Murthy Vinnakote
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjaya Viswamitra
- Department of Radiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Siemens Healthcare Private Limited, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - E V Joshy
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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Thota SP, Thota SM, Srimadh Bhagavatham S, Sai Manoj K, Sai Muthukumar VS, Venketesh S, Vadlani PV, Belliraj SK. Facile one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of stable and biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots from lemon grass herb. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 12:127-132. [PMCID: PMC8676458 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescent carbon‐based nanomaterials hold great promise due to their stable photo‐physical behaviour, biocompatibility and lower toxicity. This work involves economic and facile one‐pot green synthesis of water‐soluble nanostructures from lemon grass (LGNS) [Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf ] as carbon source. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of LGNS with lattice spacing of 0.23 nm matching low‐dimensional graphitic structures. The strong absorption exhibited at 278 nm could be attributed to л‐states of sp2 /sp3 hybridisation in carbon nanostructures. Fluorescence spectroscopy of LGNS exhibited strong excitation‐dependent emission properties over a broad range of wavelengths from 300 to 600 nm. Quantitatively, these LGNS were estimated to have quantum yield of 23.3%. Biomass derived LGNS could be potentially exploited for wide variety of applications like bioimaging, up‐conversion, drug delivery and optoelectronic devices. To this extent, synthesised LGNS were used to image yeast cells via multicolour/multi‐excitation fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Praneeth Thota
- Research in Molecular Modelling LabDepartment of ChemistrySri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
| | - Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of BiosciencesSri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
| | | | - Kaja Sai Manoj
- Research in Molecular Modelling LabDepartment of ChemistrySri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
- Department of PhysicsSri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
| | | | - Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh
- Department of BiosciencesSri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
| | - Praveen V. Vadlani
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy LaboratoryDepartments of Grain Science and Industry & Chemical EngineeringKansas State UniversityManhattanKS66506USA
| | - Siva Kumar Belliraj
- Research in Molecular Modelling LabDepartment of ChemistrySri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi NilayamAndhra Pradesh515134India
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