Enhancement of Antibiotic Activity by 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives against Multi-Resistant Bacterial Strains

The search for new antibacterial agents has become urgent due to the exponential growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives have been shown to have excellent antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives against multi-resistant bacterial strains. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the following compounds: 7-acetamido-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one and 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide. The antibiotic-modulating activity was analyzed using subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/8) of these compounds in combination with norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin. Multi-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were used in both tests. Although the compounds had no direct antibacterial activity (MIC ≥ 1.024 µg/mL), they could decrease the MIC of these fluoroquinolones, indicating synergism was obtained from the association of the compounds. These results suggest the existence of a structure-activity relationship in this group of compounds with regard to the modulation of antibiotic activity. Therefore, we conclude that 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives potentiate the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against multi-resistant bacterial strains, and thereby interesting candidates for the development of drugs against bacterial infections caused by multidrug resistant strains.

Potentiation of Antibiotic Activity by a Meldrum's Acid Arylamino Methylene Derivative against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains

This study aimed to evaluate the intrinsic antibacterial activity and antibiotic-enhancing effect of an arylamino methylene derivative (MAD) in association with fluoroquinolones. The antibacterial activity against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was analyzed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth micro dilution method. A reduction in the MIC of the fluoroquinolones against strains treated simultaneously with the MAD was interpreted as an enhanced antibiotic activity. While the MAD exhibited no clinically effective action (MIC ≥ 1.024 µg/mL), it was found to significantly potentiate the activity of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin against all the strains, which may be related to structural similarities between the MAD and quinolones. Our findings suggest that Meldrum's acid arylamino derivatives may represent promising molecules in the elaboration of new drugs to reverse resistance to fluoroquinolones.

[(1R*,2S*)-N-Benzyl-2-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine]-dichloridozinc(II)

In the mononuclear zinc title complex, [ZnCl(2)(C(26)H(26)N(4))], the Zn(II) ion is surrounded by three N atoms from a (1R*,2S*)-N(1)-benzyl-2-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N(2)-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine (BPPPEN) ligand and two terminal chloride ligands, resulting in a highly distorted environment around the metal atom. The calculated τ parameter of 0.42 indicates that the coordination geometry is approximately square-pyramidal. Hydrogen bonds involving centrosymmetric N-H⋯Cl inter-actions form dimeric structures. The mol-ecules are stacked along the a and b axes.