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Wong AK, Asatiani K, Chávez-Manzanera E, Elmer DJ, Heymsfield SB, Hong S, Ilesanmi-Oyelere L, Kagawa M, Klobucar S, Obeid OA, Plotnikoff RC, Sardinha LB, Sloughter JM, Silva AM, Shultz SP. Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12637. [PMID: 38169103 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSFsegment = (FMsegment/(BMCsegment + LMsegment + FMsegment)) × 100. A total of 30 587 adults (N = 16 490 females) from 13 datasets were included. A regression model was used to examine differences in regional fat mass and PSF. All populations followed the same segmental fat mass accumulation in the ascending order with statistical significance (arms < legs < trunk), except for Hispanic/Latinx males (arms < [legs = trunk]). Relative fat accumulation patterns differed between those with greater PSF in the appendages (Arab, Mexican, Asian, Black, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian females; Black males) and those with greater PSF in the trunk (Mexican, Asian, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian males). Greater absolute and relative fat accumulation in the trunk could place males of most ethnicities in this study at a higher risk of visceral fat deposition and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden K Wong
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ketevan Asatiani
- Georgian Association for the Study of Obesity, European Association for the Study of Obesity, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
| | - Emma Chávez-Manzanera
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David J Elmer
- Department of Kinesiology, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Body Composition-Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sangmo Hong
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Masaharu Kagawa
- Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanja Klobucar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah P Shultz
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Arts & Sciences, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
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