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Shukla D, Suryavanshi A, Bharti SK, Asati V, Mahapatra DK. Recent Advances in the Treatment and Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Perspective. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:CTMC-EPUB-139484. [PMID: 38566385 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266299847240328045737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
About 60% to 70% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neuro-degenerative illness. One reason for this disorder is the misfolding of naturally occurring proteins in the human brain, specifically β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau. Certain diagnostic imaging techniques, such as amyloid PET imaging, tau PET imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Comput-erized Tomography (CT), and others, can detect biomarkers in blood, plasma, and cerebral spinal fluids, like an increased level of β-amyloid, plaques, and tangles. In order to create new pharma-cotherapeutics for Alzheimer's disease, researchers must have a thorough and detailed knowledge of amyloid beta misfolding and other related aspects. Dolopezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are among the medications now used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Another medication that can temporarily alleviate dementia symptoms is memantine, which blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. However, it is not able to halt or re-verse the progression of the disease. Medication now on the market can only halt its advance-ment, not reverse it. Interventions to alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms, exhibit an-ti-neuroinflammation and anti-tau effects, induce neurotransmitter alteration and cognitive en-hancement, and provide other targets have recently been developed. For some Alzheimer's pa-tients, the FDA-approved monoclonal antibody, aducanumab, is an option; for others, phase 3 clinical studies are underway for drugs, like lecanemab and donanemab, which have demonstrat-ed potential in eliminating amyloid protein. However, additional study is required to identify and address these limitations in order to reduce the likelihood of side effects and maximize the thera-peutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anjali Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Kumar R, Goswami M, Pathak V, Bharti SK, Verma AK, Rajkumar V, Patel P. Utilization of poultry slaughter byproducts to develop cost effective dried pet food. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2023. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2023.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ojha S, Pathak V, Goswami M, Bharti SK, Singh T. Quality evaluation and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from Mathura city. Buffalo Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.56825/bufbu.2022.4133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out for quality and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from five different areas of Mathura city viz. Holigate (H), Sadar (S), Aurangabad (A), Chungi (A) and Township (T). The milk samples were collected from dairy shops, vendors and milk producers and evaluated for various organoleptic tests, Physico-chemical properties, proximate estimation and microbiological studies by following the standard procedures. Among organoleptic tests, Chungi (80%) and Township (90%) samples had a more clear appearance than Holigate (30%), Sadar (40%) and Aurangabad (60%) areas. There were 40, 60, 80, 90 and 100% samples which were white in color, in H, S, A, C and T areas respectively. The normal consistency of milk was observed in 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% samples in H, S, A, C, and T area. There were 40, 50, 70, 80 and 90% samples that had a normal odor in H, S, A, C, and T respectively. The COB test was positive in 40, 30, 20, 10 and 0% samples of H, S, A, C and T regions respectively. The temperature, pH and specific gravity were lower though titrable acidity was higher than the normal prescribed limit in all milk samples. All the proximate parameters showed significantly (P<0.05) difference between buffalo milk samples. Among proximate parameters, moisture content were comparatively higher; however other parameters (protein, ash, total solids) showed lower values than the normal prescribed range. The formalin adulteration was detected in 50, 30, 10, 10 and 0% milk samples from H, S, A, C, and T areas. All buffalo milk samples were negative for other preservatives, neutralizers, and adulterants. The microbial load of all milk samples were higher than normal prescribed limit in terms of SPC, DMC, Coliform count as well as Staphylococcus count.
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Bharti SK, Pathak V, Arya A, Alam T, Singh VK, Verma AK, Rajkumar V. Characterization of composite active edible film functionalized through reinforced
Pimpinella anisum
essential oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - Vikas Pathak
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - Anita Arya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences GBPUAT Pantnagar‐263 145 Uttarakhand India
| | - Tanweer Alam
- Indian Institute of Packaging Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India, Delhi ‐ 110 092 India
| | - Vinod Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - Arun Kumar Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Uttar Pradesh Makhdoom Farah‐281 122 Mathura India
| | - Vincentraju Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Uttar Pradesh Makhdoom Farah‐281 122 Mathura India
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Asati V, Anant A, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. Recent Advances of PI3 Kinase Inhibitors: Structure Anticancer Activity Relationship Studies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:MRMC-EPUB-120629. [PMID: 36471584 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220202154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The dysregulation of PI3K has been associated with many human malignancies such as breast, colon, endometrial, brain, and prostate cancers. The PI3K kinases in their different isoforms namely α, β, δ, and γ, encode PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, and PIK3CG genes. Specific gene mutation or overexpression of the protein is responsible for therapeutic failure of current therapeutics. Recently, various PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors have been identified which showed promising therapeutic results by acting on specific isoforms of the kinase too. Several inhibitors containing medicinally privileged scaffolds like oxadiazole, pyrrolotriazine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, quinazoline-chalcone hybrids, quinazoline-sulfonamide, pyrazolochalcone, quinolone hydroxamic acid, benzofuropyridinone, imidazopyridine, benzoxazines, dibenzoxanthene, indoloderivatives, benzimidazole, and benzothiazine derivatives have been developed to target PI3K pathway and/or a specific isoform. The PI3K inhibitors which are under clinical trial studies include GDC-0032, INK1117 for PI3K-α, and AZD8186 for PI3K-β. This review primarily focuses on the structural insights and structure anticancer activity relationship studies of recent PI3K inhibitors including their clinical stages of development and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arjun Anant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Butler TJ, Estep KN, Sommers JA, Maul RW, Moore AZ, Bandinelli S, Cucca F, Tuke MA, Wood AR, Bharti SK, Bogenhagen DF, Yakubovskaya E, Garcia-Diaz M, Guilliam TA, Byrd AK, Raney KD, Doherty AJ, Ferrucci L, Schlessinger D, Ding J, Brosh RM. Mitochondrial genetic variation is enriched in G-quadruplex regions that stall DNA synthesis in vitro. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1292-1309. [PMID: 32191790 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the powerhouses of the eukaryotic cell, mitochondria must maintain their genomes which encode proteins essential for energy production. Mitochondria are characterized by guanine-rich DNA sequences that spontaneously form unusual three-dimensional structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4). G4 structures can be problematic for the essential processes of DNA replication and transcription because they deter normal progression of the enzymatic-driven processes. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that mitochondrial G4 is a source of mutagenesis leading to base-pair substitutions. Our computational analysis of 2757 individual genomes from two Italian population cohorts (SardiNIA and InCHIANTI) revealed a statistically significant enrichment of mitochondrial mutations within sequences corresponding to stable G4 DNA structures. Guided by the computational analysis results, we designed biochemical reconstitution experiments and demonstrated that DNA synthesis by two known mitochondrial DNA polymerases (Pol γ, PrimPol) in vitro was strongly blocked by representative stable G4 mitochondrial DNA structures, which could be overcome in a specific manner by the ATP-dependent G4-resolving helicase Pif1. However, error-prone DNA synthesis by PrimPol using the G4 template sequence persisted even in the presence of Pif1. Altogether, our results suggest that genetic variation is enriched in G-quadruplex regions that impede mitochondrial DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Butler
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniel F Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Elena Yakubovskaya
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Thomas A Guilliam
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Alicia K Byrd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Kevin D Raney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Aidan J Doherty
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Bharti SK, Pathak V, Arya A, Alam T, Rajkumar V, Verma AK. Packaging potential of
Ipomoea batatas
and κ‐carrageenan biobased composite edible film: Its rheological, physicomechanical, barrier and optical characterization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura India
| | - Vikas Pathak
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura India
| | - Anita Arya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences GBPUAT Pantnagar India
| | - Tanweer Alam
- Indian Institute of Packaging, an autonomous body under aegis of Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India Delhi India
| | - Vincentraju Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura India
| | - Arun Kumar Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura India
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Ojha S, Pathak V, Goswami M, Bharti SK, anuja T. Quality and safety assessment of goat milk collected from different regions of Mathura city. IJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Bharti SK, Pathak V, Alam T, Arya A, Singh VK, Verma AK, Rajkumar V. Materialization of novel composite bio‐based active edible film functionalized with essential oils on antimicrobial and antioxidative aspect of chicken nuggets during extended storage. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2857-2865. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vikas Pathak
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tanweer Alam
- Indian Institute of Packaging, an autonomous body under Aegis of Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India Delhi India
| | - Anita Arya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences GBPUAT Pantnagar Uttarakhand India
| | - Vinod Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arun Kumar Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vincentraju Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
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10
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Bharti SK, Sommers JA, Awate S, Bellani MA, Khan I, Bradley L, King GA, Seol Y, Vidhyasagar V, Wu Y, Abe T, Kobayashi K, Shin-Ya K, Kitao H, Wold MS, Branzei D, Neuman KC, Brosh RM. A minimal threshold of FANCJ helicase activity is required for its response to replication stress or double-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6238-6256. [PMID: 29788478 PMCID: PMC6159516 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and cancer. Of over 20 FA-linked genes, FANCJ uniquely encodes a DNA helicase and mutations are also associated with breast and ovarian cancer. fancj−/− cells are sensitive to DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) and replication fork stalling drugs. We delineated the molecular defects of two FA patient-derived FANCJ helicase domain mutations. FANCJ-R707C was compromised in dimerization and helicase processivity, whereas DNA unwinding by FANCJ-H396D was barely detectable. DNA binding and ATP hydrolysis was defective for both FANCJ-R707C and FANCJ-H396D, the latter showing greater reduction. Expression of FANCJ-R707C or FANCJ-H396D in fancj−/− cells failed to rescue cisplatin or mitomycin sensitivity. Live-cell imaging demonstrated a significantly compromised recruitment of FANCJ-R707C to laser-induced DNA damage. However, FANCJ-R707C expressed in fancj-/- cells conferred resistance to the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin, G-quadruplex ligand telomestatin, or DNA strand-breaker bleomycin, whereas FANCJ-H396D failed. Thus, a minimal threshold of FANCJ catalytic activity is required to overcome replication stress induced by aphidicolin or telomestatin, or to repair bleomycin-induced DNA breakage. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies relying on DNA cross-link sensitivity or heightened replication stress characteristic of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sanket Awate
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lynda Bradley
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Graeme A King
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yeonee Seol
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Venkatasubramanian Vidhyasagar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Takuye Abe
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Kazuo Shin-Ya
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Marc S Wold
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dana Branzei
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chalcone or benzylideneacetophenone or 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one is a natural product comprising of two aromatic rings connected together by a three-carbon α, β unsaturated carbonyl bridge. It is one of the most privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry that can be synthesized in the laboratory and can be converted into several therapeutically active heterocyclic scaffolds. It exhibits multifarious pharmacological activities and also plays a key role in several non-pharmacological scientific applications. AREAS COVERED The present article comprehensively focuses on the approved patents during the time duration 2014-2018 on various chalcone molecules with diverse pharmacological activities. EXPERT OPINION The study puts forward the latest updated therapeutic applications of chalcone-based compounds as antiproliferative, antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. The type, position, and the number of substituents present on the chalcone scaffold have been perceived to play an imperative function in interacting with molecular targets (receptor, enzyme, and/or channel) to express the biological responses. In the majority of the studies, the overall activity of the ligand administered as pharmaceutically acceptable salt is found to be better than that of standard marketed drug preparation. The article will certainly attract (medicinal)-chemists actively involved in the development of therapeutically active scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- a Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy , Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University , Nagpur , India
| | - Vivek Asati
- b Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- b Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
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12
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Alkhunaizi E, Shaheen R, Bharti SK, Joseph-George AM, Chong K, Abdel-Salam GMH, Alowain M, Blaser SI, Papsin BC, Butt M, Hashem M, Martin N, Godoy R, Brosh RM, Alkuraya FS, Chitayat D. Warsaw breakage syndrome: Further clinical and genetic delineation. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2404-2418. [PMID: 30216658 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Warsaw breakage syndrome (WBS) is a recently recognized DDX11-related rare cohesinopathy, characterized by severe prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, developmental delay, cochlear anomalies, and sensorineural hearing loss. Only seven cases have been reported in the English literature, and thus the information on the phenotype and genotype of this interesting condition is limited. We provide clinical and molecular information on five additional unrelated patients carrying novel bi-allelic variants in the DDX11 gene, identified via whole exome sequencing. One of the variants was found to be a novel Saudi founder variant. All identified variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic except for one that was initially classified as a variant of unknown significance (VOUS) (p.Arg378Pro). Functional characterization of this VOUS using heterologous expression of wild type and mutant DDX11 revealed a marked effect on protein stability, thus confirming pathogenicity of this variant. The phenotypic data of the seven WBS reported patients were compared to our patients for further phenotypic delineation. Although all the reported patients had cochlear hypoplasia, one patient also had posterior labyrinthine anomaly. We conclude that while the cardinal clinical features in WBS (microcephaly, growth retardation, and cochlear anomalies) are almost universally present, the breakage phenotype is highly variable and can be absent in some cases. This report further expands the knowledge of the phenotypic and molecular features of WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Alkhunaizi
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann M Joseph-George
- Cytogenomics Laboratory, Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Chong
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alowain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan I Blaser
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake C Papsin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Butt
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicole Martin
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Godoy
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Asati V, Bharti SK. Design, synthesis and molecular modeling studies of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK, Asati V. Chalcone Derivatives: Anti-inflammatory Potential and Molecular Targets Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:3146-3169. [PMID: 28914193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170914160446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone or (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one scaffold has gained considerable scientific interest in medicinal chemistry owing to its simple chemistry, ease in synthesizing a variety of derivatives and exhibiting a broad range of promising pharmacological activities by modulating several molecular targets. A number of natural and (semi-) synthetic chalcone derivatives have demonstrated admirable anti-inflammatory activity due to their inhibitory potential against various therapeutic targets like Cyclooxygenase (COX), Lipooxygenase (LOX), Interleukins (IL), Prostaglandins (PGs), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF- κB), Intracellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and TLR4/MD-2, etc. The chalcone scaffold with hydroxyl, methoxyl, carboxyl, prenyl group and/or heterocyclic ring substitution like thiophene/furan/indole showed promising anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, a comprehensive study (from the year 1991 to 2016) on multi-targets of inflammatory interest, related inflammation reactions and their treatment by chalcone-based inhibitors acting on various molecular targets entailed in inflammation, Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs), Mechanism of Actions (MOAs), and patents are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur - 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur - 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur - 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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15
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Arya A, Mendiratta SK, Singh TP, Agarwal R, Bharti SK. Development of sweet and sour chicken meat spread based on sensory attributes: process optimization using response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:4220-4228. [PMID: 29184228 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Now a day's meat and meat products are not only generating convenience trends; they have been recognized as core of meat industry. Meat spread is a convenience cooked spreadable product prepared with meat and non-meat additives. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of three different levels of honey (10, 15, 20 g), vinegar (2.0, 6.0, 10.0 ml) and tomato powder (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g) on response variables viz. color/appearance, flavor, spreadability, texture, after taste, adhesiveability, overall acceptability, while standardizing the process of development of sweet and sour chicken meat spread box-behnken experimental design was used in which 17 different runs with 5 trials of three similar centre point. A second order polynomial was fitted to all the response variables and surface plots as well as equations were conducted. All the processing variables significantly affected the response variables either linearly or quadratically whereas the "Lack of Fit" was non-significant relative to the pure error. For optimization, target values were set in the form of ranges of all the processing and response variables. While applying multiple regression analysis, a total of 43 workable solutions was found, out of which the product with 14.28% honey, 5.38% vinegar and 1.39% tomato powder was selected. The responses for color/appearance, flavor, spreadability, texture, after taste, adhesiveability, overall acceptability, were predicted at 7.11, 6.72, 7.00, 6.99, 6.61, 6.94 and 6.79 respectively, with a desirability value of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Arya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Tarun Pal Singh
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Ravikant Agarwal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001 India
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, India
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17
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Asati V, Bharti SK, Budhwani AK. 3D-QSAR and virtual screening studies of thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogs: Validation of experimental inhibitory potencies towards PIM-1 kinase. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Asati V, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. K-Ras and its inhibitors towards personalized cancer treatment: Pharmacological and structural perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:299-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Marchese FP, Grossi E, Marín-Béjar O, Bharti SK, Raimondi I, González J, Martínez-Herrera DJ, Athie A, Amadoz A, Brosh RM, Huarte M. A Long Noncoding RNA Regulates Sister Chromatid Cohesion. Mol Cell 2016; 63:397-407. [PMID: 27477908 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse cellular processes through multiple mechanisms. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized human lncRNA, CONCR (cohesion regulator noncoding RNA), that is transcriptionally activated by MYC and is upregulated in multiple cancer types. The expression of CONCR is cell cycle regulated, and it is required for cell-cycle progression and DNA replication. Moreover, cells depleted of CONCR show severe defects in sister chromatid cohesion, suggesting an essential role for CONCR in cohesion establishment during cell division. CONCR interacts with and regulates the activity of DDX11, a DNA-dependent ATPase and helicase involved in DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion. These findings unveil a direct role for an lncRNA in the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion by modulating DDX11 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Marchese
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Grossi
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oskar Marín-Béjar
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ivan Raimondi
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jovanna González
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dannys Jorge Martínez-Herrera
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Athie
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Amadoz
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maite Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- a Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology , National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center , Baltimore , MD, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- a Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology , National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center , Baltimore , MD, USA
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21
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Khan I, Crouch JD, Bharti SK, Sommers JA, Carney SM, Yakubovskaya E, Garcia-Diaz M, Trakselis MA, Brosh RM. Biochemical Characterization of the Human Mitochondrial Replicative Twinkle Helicase: SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY, DNA BRANCH MIGRATION, AND ABILITY TO OVERCOME BLOCKADES TO DNA UNWINDING. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14324-14339. [PMID: 27226550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the c10orf2 gene encoding the human mitochondrial DNA replicative helicase Twinkle are linked to several rare genetic diseases characterized by mitochondrial defects. In this study, we have examined the catalytic activity of Twinkle helicase on model replication fork and DNA repair structures. Although Twinkle behaves as a traditional 5' to 3' helicase on conventional forked duplex substrates, the enzyme efficiently dissociates D-loop DNA substrates irrespective of whether it possesses a 5' or 3' single-stranded tailed invading strand. In contrast, we report for the first time that Twinkle branch-migrates an open-ended mobile three-stranded DNA structure with a strong 5' to 3' directionality preference. To determine how well Twinkle handles potential roadblocks to mtDNA replication, we tested the ability of the helicase to unwind substrates with site-specific oxidative DNA lesions or bound by the mitochondrial transcription factor A. Twinkle helicase is inhibited by DNA damage in a unique manner that is dependent on the type of oxidative lesion and the strand in which it resides. Novel single molecule FRET binding and unwinding assays show an interaction of the excluded strand with Twinkle as well as events corresponding to stepwise unwinding and annealing. TFAM inhibits Twinkle unwinding, suggesting other replisome proteins may be required for efficient removal. These studies shed new insight on the catalytic functions of Twinkle on the key DNA structures it would encounter during replication or possibly repair of the mitochondrial genome and how well it tolerates potential roadblocks to DNA unwinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jack D Crouch
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Sean M Carney
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Elena Yakubovskaya
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651
| | - Michael A Trakselis
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224,.
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22
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Asati V, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. ChemInform Abstract: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathways Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: Structural and Pharmacological Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.201613265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Asati V, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways inhibitors as anticancer agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:314-41. [PMID: 26807863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinases regulate cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth and survival by the process of phosphorylation. Over activation of signaling pathways play a major role in oncogenesis. The PI3K signaling pathway is dysregulated almost in all cancers due to the amplification, genetic mutation of PI3K gene and the components of the PI3K pathway themselves. Stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways enhances growth, survival, and metabolism of cancer cells. Recently, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. The kinase inhibitors with enhanced specificity and improved pharmacokinetics have been considered for design and development of anticancer agents. This review focuses primarily on the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways as therapeutic targets of anticancer drugs, their specific and dual inhibitors, structure activity relationships (SARs) and inhibitors under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
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24
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Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A. Phytotherapy for diabetes mellitus: back to nature. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2015:R07Y9999N00A150036. [PMID: 26563962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Bharti
- Department of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India -
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25
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Calì F, Bharti SK, Di Perna R, Brosh RM, Pisani FM. Tim/Timeless, a member of the replication fork protection complex, operates with the Warsaw breakage syndrome DNA helicase DDX11 in the same fork recovery pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:705-17. [PMID: 26503245 PMCID: PMC4737141 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present evidence that Tim establishes a physical and functional interaction with DDX11, a super-family 2 iron-sulfur cluster DNA helicase genetically linked to the chromosomal instability disorder Warsaw breakage syndrome. Tim stimulates DDX11 unwinding activity on forked DNA substrates up to 10-fold and on bimolecular anti-parallel G-quadruplex DNA structures and three-stranded D-loop approximately 4–5-fold. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that Tim enhances DDX11 binding to DNA, suggesting that the observed stimulation derives from an improved ability of DDX11 to interact with the nucleic acid substrate. Surface plasmon resonance measurements indicate that DDX11 directly interacts with Tim. DNA fiber track assays with HeLa cells exposed to hydroxyurea demonstrated that Tim or DDX11 depletion significantly reduced replication fork progression compared to control cells; whereas no additive effect was observed by co-depletion of both proteins. Moreover, Tim and DDX11 are epistatic in promoting efficient resumption of stalled DNA replication forks in hydroxyurea-treated cells. This is consistent with the finding that association of the two endogenous proteins in the cell extract chromatin fraction is considerably increased following hydroxyurea exposure. Overall, our studies provide evidence that Tim and DDX11 physically and functionally interact and act in concert to preserve replication fork progression in perturbed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Calì
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino, 111. 80131 - Napoli, Italy
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Roberta Di Perna
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino, 111. 80131 - Napoli, Italy
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Francesca M Pisani
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino, 111. 80131 - Napoli, Italy
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26
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Asati V, Bajaj S, Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK. Molecular modeling studies of some thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as 15-PGDH inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Choudhary OP, Singh I, Bharti SK, Mohd KI, Sathapathy S, Mrigesh M. Gross and Morphometrical Studies on Mandible of Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra). INT J MORPHOL 2015. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022015000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Mahapatra DK, Bharti SK, Asati V. Anti-cancer chalcones: Structural and molecular target perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:69-114. [PMID: 26005917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone or (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one scaffold remained a fascination among researchers in the 21st century due to its simple chemistry, ease of synthesis and a wide variety of promising biological activities. Several natural and (semi) synthetic chalcones have shown anti-cancer activity due to their inhibitory potential against various targets namely ABCG2/P-gp/BCRP, 5α-reductase, aromatase, 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, HDAC/Situin-1, proteasome, VEGF, VEGFR-2 kinase, MMP-2/9, JAK/STAT signaling pathways, CDC25B, tubulin, cathepsin-K, topoisomerase-II, Wnt, NF-κB, B-Raf and mTOR etc. In this review, a comprehensive study on molecular targets/pathways involved in carcinogenesis, mechanism of actions (MOAs), structure activity relationships (SARs) and patents granted have been highlighted. With the knowledge of molecular targets, structural insights and SARs, this review may be helpful for (medicinal) chemists to design more potent, safe, selective and cost effective anti-cancer chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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29
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Mahapatra DK, Asati V, Bharti SK. Chalcones and their therapeutic targets for the management of diabetes: structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:839-65. [PMID: 25638569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the fastest growing metabolic disorder affecting about 387 million people across the globe and is estimated to affect 592 million people by year 2030. The search for newer anti-diabetic agents is the foremost need to control the accelerating diabetic population. Several natural and (semi) synthetic chalcones deserve the credit of being potential candidates that act by modulating the therapeutic targets PPAR-γ, DPP-4, α-glucosidase, PTP1B, aldose reductase, and stimulate insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity. In this review, a comprehensive study (from January 1977 to October 2014) of anti-diabetic chalcones, their molecular targets, structure activity relationships (SARs), mechanism of actions (MOAs) and patents have been described. The compounds which showed promising activity and have a well-defined MOAs, SARs must be considered as prototype for the design and development of potential anti-diabetic agents. They should be evaluated critically at all clinical stages to ensure their therapeutic and toxicological profile to meet the demand of diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
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30
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Bharti SK, Sommers JA, Zhou J, Kaplan DL, Spelbrink JN, Mergny JL, Brosh RM. DNA sequences proximal to human mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplexes, a class of DNA structures inefficiently unwound by the mitochondrial replicative Twinkle helicase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29975-93. [PMID: 25193669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA deletions are prominent in human genetic disorders, cancer, and aging. It is thought that stalling of the mitochondrial replication machinery during DNA synthesis is a prominent source of mitochondrial genome instability; however, the precise molecular determinants of defective mitochondrial replication are not well understood. In this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the "Pattern Finder" G-quadruplex (G4) predictor algorithm to assess whether G4-forming sequences reside in close proximity (within 20 base pairs) to known mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints. We then used this information to map G4P sequences with deletions characteristic of representative mitochondrial genetic disorders and also those identified in various cancers and aging. Circular dichroism and UV spectral analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial G-rich sequences near deletion breakpoints prevalent in human disease form G-quadruplex DNA structures. A biochemical analysis of purified recombinant human Twinkle protein (gene product of c10orf2) showed that the mitochondrial replicative helicase inefficiently unwinds well characterized intermolecular and intramolecular G-quadruplex DNA substrates, as well as a unimolecular G4 substrate derived from a mitochondrial sequence that nests a deletion breakpoint described in human renal cell carcinoma. Although G4 has been implicated in the initiation of mitochondrial DNA replication, our current findings suggest that mitochondrial G-quadruplexes are also likely to be a source of instability for the mitochondrial genome by perturbing the normal progression of the mitochondrial replication machinery, including DNA unwinding by Twinkle helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jun Zhou
- the ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France, INSERM U869, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daniel L Kaplan
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida 32312
| | - Johannes N Spelbrink
- the FinMIT Centre of Excellence, BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegan Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- the ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France, INSERM U869, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Robert M Brosh
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224,
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Bharti SK, Khan I, Banerjee T, Sommers JA, Wu Y, Brosh RM. Molecular functions and cellular roles of the ChlR1 (DDX11) helicase defective in the rare cohesinopathy Warsaw breakage syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2625-39. [PMID: 24487782 PMCID: PMC4537069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, a new recessive cohesinopathy disorder, designated Warsaw breakage syndrome (WABS), was described. The individual with WABS displayed microcephaly, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and abnormal skin pigmentation. Cytogenetic analysis revealed mitomycin C (MMC)-induced chromosomal breakage; however, an additional sister chromatid cohesion defect was also observed. WABS is genetically linked to bi-allelic mutations in the ChlR1/DDX11 gene which encodes a protein of the conserved family of Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) cluster DNA helicases. Mutations in the budding yeast ortholog of ChlR1, known as Chl1, were known to cause sister chromatid cohesion defects, indicating a conserved function of the gene. In 2012, three affected siblings were identified with similar symptoms to the original WABS case, and found to have a homozygous mutation in the conserved Fe-S domain of ChlR1, confirming the genetic linkage. Significantly, the clinically relevant mutations perturbed ChlR1 DNA unwinding activity. In addition to its genetic importance in human disease, ChlR1 is implicated in papillomavirus genome maintenance and cancer. Although its precise functions in genome homeostasis are still not well understood, ongoing molecular studies of ChlR1 suggest the helicase plays a critically important role in cellular replication and/or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Taraswi Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Joshua A. Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Robert M. Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Rex K, Bharti SK, Sah S, Varshney U. A genetic analysis of the functional interactions within Mycobacterium tuberculosis single-stranded DNA binding protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94669. [PMID: 24722671 PMCID: PMC3983218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are vital in all organisms. SSBs of Escherichia coli (EcoSSB) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtuSSB) are homotetrameric. The N-terminal domains (NTD) of these SSBs (responsible for their tetramerization and DNA binding) are structurally well defined. However, their C-terminal domains (CTD) possess undefined structures. EcoSSB NTD consists of β1-β1′-β2-β3-α-β4-β451-β452-β5 secondary structure elements. MtuSSB NTD includes an additional β-strand (β6) forming a novel hook-like structure. Recently, we observed that MtuSSB complemented an E. coli Δssb strain. However, a chimeric SSB (mβ4-β5), wherein only the terminal part of NTD (β4-β5 region possessing L45 loop) of EcoSSB was substituted with that from MtuSSB, failed to function in E. coli in spite of its normal DNA binding and oligomerization properties. Here, we designed new chimeras by transplanting selected regions of MtuSSB into EcoSSB to understand the functional significance of the various secondary structure elements within SSB. All chimeric SSBs formed homotetramers and showed normal DNA binding. The mβ4-β6 construct obtained by substitution of the region downstream of β5 in mβ4-β5 SSB with the corresponding region (β6) of MtuSSB complemented the E. coli strain indicating a functional interaction between the L45 loop and the β6 strand of MtuSSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kervin Rex
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivjee Sah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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Kaushik P, , A, Kumari S, Bharti SK, Dayal S. Isolation and prevalence of Salmonella from chicken meat and cattle milk collected from local markets of Patna, India. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.62-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bharti SK, Sommers JA, George F, Kuper J, Hamon F, Shin-ya K, Teulade-Fichou MP, Kisker C, Brosh RM. Specialization among iron-sulfur cluster helicases to resolve G-quadruplex DNA structures that threaten genomic stability. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28217-29. [PMID: 23935105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, an alternate structure formed by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds between guanines in G-rich sequences, threatens genomic stability by perturbing normal DNA transactions including replication, repair, and transcription. A variety of G4 topologies (intra- and intermolecular) can form in vitro, but the molecular architecture and cellular factors influencing G4 landscape in vivo are not clear. Helicases that unwind structured DNA molecules are emerging as an important class of G4-resolving enzymes. The BRCA1-associated FANCJ helicase is among those helicases able to unwind G4 DNA in vitro, and FANCJ mutations are associated with breast cancer and linked to Fanconi anemia. FANCJ belongs to a conserved iron-sulfur (Fe S) cluster family of helicases important for genomic stability including XPD (nucleotide excision repair), DDX11 (sister chromatid cohesion), and RTEL (telomere metabolism), genetically linked to xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne syndrome, Warsaw breakage syndrome, and dyskeratosis congenita, respectively. To elucidate the role of FANCJ in genomic stability, its molecular functions in G4 metabolism were examined. FANCJ efficiently unwound in a kinetic and ATPase-dependent manner entropically favored unimolecular G4 DNA, whereas other Fe-S helicases tested did not. The G4-specific ligands Phen-DC3 or Phen-DC6 inhibited FANCJ helicase on unimolecular G4 ∼1000-fold better than bi- or tetramolecular G4 DNA. The G4 ligand telomestatin induced DNA damage in human cells deficient in FANCJ but not DDX11 or XPD. These findings suggest FANCJ is a specialized Fe-S cluster helicase that preserves chromosomal stability by unwinding unimolecular G4 DNA likely to form in transiently unwound single-stranded genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Capo-Chichi JM, Bharti SK, Sommers JA, Yammine T, Chouery E, Patry L, Rouleau GA, Samuels ME, Hamdan FF, Michaud JL, Brosh RM, Mégarbane A, Kibar Z. Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel mutation in DDX11 causing Warsaw breakage syndrome. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:103-7. [PMID: 23033317 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the iron-sulfur-containing DNA helicase DDX11 (ChlR1) were recently identified as a cause of a new recessive cohesinopathy, Warsaw breakage syndrome (WABS), in a single patient with severe microcephaly, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and abnormal skin pigmentation. Here, using homozygosity mapping in a Lebanese consanguineous family followed by exome sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous mutation (c.788G>A [p.R263Q]) in DDX11 in three affected siblings with severe intellectual disability and many of the congenital abnormalities reported in the WABS original case. Cultured lymphocytes from the patients showed increased mitomycin C-induced chromosomal breakage, as found in WABS. Biochemical studies of purified recombinant DDX11 indicated that the p.R263Q mutation impaired DDX11 helicase activity by perturbing its DNA binding and DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis. Our findings thus confirm the involvement of DDX11 in WABS, describe its phenotypical spectrum, and provide novel insight into the structural requirement for DDX11 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Mario Capo-Chichi
- Center of Excellence in Neuroscience of Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
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Abstract
Comment on: Rudra S, et al. Cell Cycle 2012; 2114-21
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; NIH Biomedical Research Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Taraswi Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; NIH Biomedical Research Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert M. Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; NIH Biomedical Research Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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Bharti SK, Rex K, Sreedhar P, Krishnan N, Varshney U. Chimeras of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis single-stranded DNA binding proteins: characterization and function in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27216. [PMID: 22174737 PMCID: PMC3236198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are vital for the survival of organisms. Studies on SSBs from the prototype, Escherichia coli (EcoSSB) and, an important human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtuSSB) had shown that despite significant variations in their quaternary structures, the DNA binding and oligomerization properties of the two are similar. Here, we used the X-ray crystal structure data of the two SSBs to design a series of chimeric proteins (mβ1, mβ1′β2, mβ1–β5, mβ1–β6 and mβ4–β5) by transplanting β1, β1′β2, β1–β5, β1–β6 and β4–β5 regions, respectively of the N-terminal (DNA binding) domain of MtuSSB for the corresponding sequences in EcoSSB. In addition, mβ1′β2ESWR SSB was generated by mutating the MtuSSB specific ‘PRIY’ sequence in the β2 strand of mβ1′β2 SSB to EcoSSB specific ‘ESWR’ sequence. Biochemical characterization revealed that except for mβ1 SSB, all chimeras and a control construct lacking the C-terminal domain (ΔC SSB) bound DNA in modes corresponding to limited and unlimited modes of binding. However, the DNA on MtuSSB may follow a different path than the EcoSSB. Structural probing by protease digestion revealed that unlike other SSBs used, mβ1 SSB was also hypersensitive to chymotrypsin treatment. Further, to check for their biological activities, we developed a sensitive assay, and observed that mβ1–β6, MtuSSB, mβ1′β2 and mβ1–β5 SSBs complemented E. coli Δssb in a dose dependent manner. Complementation by the mβ1–β5 SSB was poor. In contrast, mβ1′β2ESWR SSB complemented E. coli as well as EcoSSB. The inefficiently functioning SSBs resulted in an elongated cell/filamentation phenotype of E. coli. Taken together, our observations suggest that specific interactions within the DNA binding domain of the homotetrameric SSBs are crucial for their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kervin Rex
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pujari Sreedhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Neeraja Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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Bharti SK, Bhatia A, Tewari SK, Sidhu OP, Roy R. Application of HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy for studying chemotype variations of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Magn Reson Chem 2011; 49:659-67. [PMID: 21915899 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly known as Ashwagandha, is one of the most valued Indian medicinal plants with a number of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Metabolic profiling has been performed by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy on fresh leaf and root tissue specimens from four chemotypes of W. somnifera. The HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy of lyophilized defatted leaf tissue specimens clearly distinguishes resonances of medicinally important secondary metabolites (withaferin A and withanone) and its distinctive quantitative variability among the chemotypes. A total of 41 metabolites were identified from both the leaf and root tissues of the chemotypes. The presence of methanol in leaf and root tissues of W. somnifera was detected by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) on HR-MAS (1) H NMR spectra of leaves revealed clear variations in primary metabolites among the chemotypes. The results of the present study demonstrated an efficient method, which can be utilized for metabolite profiling of primary and secondary metabolites in medicinally important plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bharti
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS (Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences) Campus, Lucknow, UP, India
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Kumar P, Bharti SK, Varshney U. Uracil excision repair in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free extracts. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91:212-8. [PMID: 21371942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uracil excision repair is ubiquitous in all domains of life and initiated by uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs) which excise the promutagenic base, uracil, from DNA to leave behind an abasic site (AP-site). Repair of the resulting AP-sites requires an AP-endonuclease, a DNA polymerase, and a DNA ligase whose combined activities result in either short-patch or long-patch repair. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has an increased risk of accumulating uracils because of its G + C-rich genome, and its niche inside host macrophages where it is exposed to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, two major causes of cytosine deamination (to uracil) in DNA. In vitro assays to study DNA repair in this important human pathogen are limited. To study uracil excision repair in mycobacteria, we have established assay conditions using cell-free extracts of M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis (a fast-growing mycobacterium) and oligomer or plasmid DNA substrates. We show that in mycobacteria, uracil excision repair is completed primarily via long-patch repair. In addition, we show that M. tuberculosis UdgB, a newly characterized family 5 UDG, substitutes for the highly conserved family 1 UDG, Ung, thereby suggesting that UdgB might function as backup enzyme for uracil excision repair in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Bharti SK, Varshney U. Analysis of the impact of a uracil DNA glycosylase attenuated in AP-DNA binding in maintenance of the genomic integrity in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:2291-301. [PMID: 20056657 PMCID: PMC2853124 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uracil DNA glycosylase (Ung) initiates the uracil excision repair pathway. We have earlier characterized the Y66W and Y66H mutants of Ung and shown that they are compromised by ∼7- and ∼170-fold, respectively in their uracil excision activities. In this study, fluorescence anisotropy measurements show that compared with the wild-type, the Y66W protein is moderately compromised and attenuated in binding to AP-DNA. Allelic exchange of ung in Escherichia coli with ung::kan, ungY66H:amp or ungY66W:amp alleles showed ∼5-, ∼3.0- and ∼2.0-fold, respectively increase in mutation frequencies. Analysis of mutations in the rifampicin resistance determining region of rpoB revealed that the Y66W allele resulted in an increase in A to G (or T to C) mutations. However, the increase in A to G mutations was mitigated upon expression of wild-type Ung from a plasmid borne gene. Biochemical and computational analyses showed that the Y66W mutant maintains strict specificity for uracil excision from DNA. Interestingly, a strain deficient in AP-endonucleases also showed an increase in A to G mutations. We discuss these findings in the context of a proposal that the residency of DNA glycosylase(s) onto the AP-sites they generate shields them until recruitment of AP-endonucleases for further repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bharti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +91 80 2293 2686; Fax: +91 80 2360 2697; ;
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Bharti SK, Nath G, Tilak R, Singh SK. Synthesis, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of some novel Schiff bases containing 2,4-disubstituted thiazole ring. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:651-60. [PMID: 19932927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of arylidene-2-(4-(4-methoxy/bromophenyl) thiazol-2-yl) hydrazines (4a-z) and 1-(4-(4-methoxy/bromophenyl) thiazol-2-yl)-2-cyclohexylidene/cyclopentylidene hydrazines (5a-b/6a-b) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their antimicrobial activities. The structures of synthesized compounds were established by spectroscopic (FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass) and elemental analyses. Both the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities with MIC values of compounds were evaluated. The results of anti-bacterial screening reveal that among all the compounds screened eight compounds showed moderate to good anti-bacterial activity while ten of the newly synthesized compounds displayed good to excellent anti-fungal activity. Among the tested compounds, the most effective compounds with MIC value in the range of 6.25-25 microg/ml are 4a, 4n, 4z, 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b against three fungal strains viz. Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Srinath T, Bharti SK, Varshney U. Substrate specificities and functional characterization of a thermo-tolerant uracil DNA glycosylase (UdgB) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2007; 6:1517-28. [PMID: 17588829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs) excise uracil from DNA and initiate the base (uracil) excision repair pathway. Ung, a highly conserved protein, is the only UDG characterized so far in mycobacteria. Here, we show that Rv1259 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis codes for a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) specific UDG (MtuUdgB). MtuUdgB is thermo-tolerant, contains Fe-S cluster and, in addition to uracil, it excises ethenocytosine and hypoxanthine from dsDNA. MtuUdgB is product inhibited by AP-site containing dsDNA but not by uracil. While MtuUdgB excises uracil present as a single-nucleotide bulge in dsDNA, it is insensitive to inhibition by dsDNA containing AP-site in the bulge. Interestingly, in the presence of cellular factors, the uracil excision activity of MtuUdgB is enhanced, and when introduced into E. coli (ung(-)), it rescues its mutator phenotype and prevents C to T mutations in DNA. Novel features of the mechanism of action of MtuUdgB and the physiological significance of the family 5 UDG in mycobacteria have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruneelakantan Srinath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Tiwari TP, Bharti SK, Kaur HD, Dikshit RP, Hoondal GS. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea & antibiotics. Indian J Med Res 2005; 122:80-4. [PMID: 16106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea leaves are known for its antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. In this study we attempted to describe the synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea and antibiotics against enteropathogens. Antimicrobial activity of boiled water tea extract and organic solvent extract were studied against Salmonella typhimurium 1402/84, S. typhi, S. typhi Ty2a, Shigella dysenteriae, Yersinia enterocolitica C770, and Escherichia coli (EPEC P2 1265) determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and death rate kinetics at MBC of tea extract in presence of subinhibitory concentration of antibiotic. Both green tea or black tea extracts effectively inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium 1402/84, S. typhi, S. typhi Ty2a, S. dysenteriae, Y. enterocolitica C770, and E.coli (EPEC P2 1265). However, the growth inhibitory concentration of tea extract was lower for green tea as compared to black tea extract. Antimicrobial activity of green tea tea methanol: water extract tea was better as compared to boiled water tea extract of green tea. Based on death rate kinetics results, S.typhi Ty2a appeared to be highly sensitive and Y. enterocolitica C770 the most resistant. Chloramphenicol and tea extract in combination inhibited the growth of S.dysenteriae at 2.5 microg/ml chloramphenicol (MIC 5 microg/ml) and 5.094 mg/ml black tea extract (MIC 9.089 mg/ml). Tea extract showed synergistic activity with chloramphenicol and other antibiotics like gentamycin, methicillin and nalidixic acid against test strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwari P Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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