1
|
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common and highly morbid disease for which there is no cure. Treatment primarily involves exogenous insulin administration, and, under specific circumstances, islet or pancreas transplantation. However, insulin replacement alone fails to replicate the endocrine function of the pancreas and does not provide durable euglycemia. In addition, transplantation requires lifelong use of immunosuppressive medications, which has deleterious side effects, is expensive, and is inappropriate for use in adolescents. A bioartificial pancreas that provides total endocrine pancreatic function without immunosuppression is a potential therapy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Numerous models are in development and take different approaches to cell source, encapsulation method, and device implantation location. We review current therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus, the requirements for a bioartificial pancreas, and quantitatively compare device function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Photiadis
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rebecca C. Gologorsky
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Deepika Sarode
- From the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takeshita T, Asaoka M, Katsuta E, Photiadis SJ, Narayanan S, Yan L, Takabe K. High expression of polo-like kinase 1 is associated with TP53 inactivation, DNA repair deficiency, and worse prognosis in ER positive Her2 negative breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6507-6521. [PMID: 31737202 PMCID: PMC6834504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), the most investigated member of the PLK family, plays a pivotal role both in the p53-mediated regulation of DNA damage repair and in mitosis, especially in the G2/M phase. However, the evidence on the clinical and prognostic relevance of PLK1 is limited to triple negative subtype among breast cancer (BC). We hypothesized that high expression of PLK1 is associated with TP53 inactivation, DNA repair deficiency, and worse prognosis in ER positive in BC in a large-scale cohort should clarify its clinical relevance for each BC subtype. Total of 3173 BC cases; 1025 from TCGA cohort, 1904 from METABRIC, and 244 from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cohort from Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, GSE32603, were analyzed. PLK1 expressions were significantly higher in high Nottingham Grade and triple negative BC. High expression of PLK1 was significantly associated with TP53 mutation, high expression of TP53 mRNA as well as protein, and it significantly correlated with the homologous recombination deficiency score. High PLK1 expression significantly enriched cell cycle related gene sets (G2/M check point, E2F targets), MTORC1 signaling, and MYC target gene sets in the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. High expression of PLK1 was significantly associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor associated macrophages (high levels of CD8+ T cells, M0 and M1 macrophage, and low levels of M2 macrophage), and high immune cytolytic activity. While high expression of PLK1 did not associate with pathological complete response after NAC, it was associated with poor prognosis in the whole cohort and in the ER-positive/HER2-negative subtype of TCGA. High expression of PLK1 is significantly associated with TP53 mutations, DNA repair deficiency and worse prognosis in BC particularly in HR+HER2- subtype. Using bioinformatics methods with large cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeshita
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sara J Photiadis
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sumana Narayanan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fears KP, Photiadis SJ, Kulp JL, Clark TD. Synthesis and characterization of cyclic peptides that are β
-helical in trifluoroethanol. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:366-74. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan P. Fears
- Division of Chemistry; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington DC 20375-5342 USA
| | - Sara J. Photiadis
- Division of Chemistry; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington DC 20375-5342 USA
| | - John L. Kulp
- Division of Chemistry; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington DC 20375-5342 USA
| | - Thomas D. Clark
- Division of Chemistry; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington DC 20375-5342 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fears KP, Petrovykh DY, Photiadis SJ, Clark TD. Circular dichroism analysis of cyclic β-helical peptides adsorbed on planar fused quartz. Langmuir 2013; 29:10095-10101. [PMID: 23845110 DOI: 10.1021/la401544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conformational changes of three cyclic β-helical peptides upon adsorption onto planar fused-quartz substrates were detected and analyzed by far-ultraviolet (UV) circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In trifluoroethanol (TFE), hydrophobic peptides, Leu β and Val β, form left- and right-handed helices, respectively, and water-soluble peptide WS β forms a left-handed helix. Upon adsorption, CD spectra showed a mixture of folded and unfolded conformations for Leu β and Val β and predominantly unfolded conformations for WS β. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided insight about the molecular mechanisms governing the conformational changes, revealing that ca. 40% of backbone amides in Leu β and Val β were interacting with the hydrophilic substrate, while only ca. 15% of the amines/amides in WS β showed similar interactions. In their folded β-helical conformations, Leu β and Val β present only hydrophobic groups to their surroundings; hydrophilic surface groups can only interact with backbone amides if the peptides change their conformation. Conversely, as a β helix, WS β presents hydrophilic side chains to its surroundings that could, in principle, interact with hydrophilic surface groups, with the peptide retaining its folded structure. Instead, the observed unfolded surface conformation for WS β and the relatively small percentage of surface-bound amides (15 versus 40% for Leu β and Val β) suggest that hydrophilic surface groups induce unfolding. Upon this surface-induced unfolding, WS β interacts with the surface preferentially via hydrophilic side chains rather than backbone amides. In contrast, the unfolded β-hairpin-like form of WS β does not irreversibly adsorb on fused quartz from water, highlighting that solvation effects can be more important than initial conformation in governing peptide adsorption. Both label-free methods demonstrated in this work are, in general, applicable to structural analysis of a broad range of biomolecules adsorbed on transparent planar substrates, the surface properties of which could be customized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan P Fears
- Division of Chemistry, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|