Enhanced epigenetic profiling of classical human monocytes reveals a specific signature of healthy aging in the DNA methylome

The impact of healthy aging on molecular programming of immune cells is poorly understood. Here, we report comprehensive characterization of healthy aging in human classical monocytes, with a focus on epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic alterations, as well as the corresponding proteomic and metabolomic data for plasma, using healthy cohorts of 20 young and 20 older males (~27 and ~64 years old on average). For each individual, we performed eRRBS-based DNA methylation profiling, which allowed us to identify a set of age-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) – a novel, cell-type specific signature of aging in DNA methylome. Hypermethylation events were associated with H3K27me3 in the CpG islands near promoters of lowly-expressed genes, while hypomethylated DMRs were enriched in H3K4me1 marked regions and associated with age-related increase of expression of the corresponding genes, providing a link between DNA methylation and age-associated transcriptional changes in primary human cells.

A complex of breakthrough grain production technology

The massive introduction of foreign machinery, seeds, and technologies not adapted to Russian conditions over the past quarter-century have led agricultural production in Russia to reduce yield and quality of manufactured products. The reasons leading to the loss-making of Russian production are manifold, namely, over-compaction of fields with heavy equipment and small processing, excluding moisture absorption and moisture accumulation, destroying floods, artificial “drought, ” forced late sowing and ultra-expensive western equipment. This article is devoted to the description of a breakthrough proposal, which includes the creation of technology with a complex of domestic technology, which is costeffective and import-leading in all environmental, energy, and economic indicators. The research work is approved by many official scientific and technical councils and is a significant legitimate contribution to the development of agricultural machinery in Russia, increasing labor productivity in agricultural production and restoring the health of the nation. On the basis of domestic tractors of traction classes of 1.5-5.0 ts, a full range of functional agricultural equipment has been created that provides an increase in productivity, yield and its quality, profitability up to 2 times with a decrease in specific metal consumption, power, fuel consumption and cost growth from 2 to 4 time.

The bacterial toxin RelE induces specific mRNA cleavage in the A site of the eukaryote ribosome

RelE/RelB is a well-characterized toxin-anti-toxin pair involved in nutritional stress responses in Bacteria and Archae. RelE lacks any eukaryote homolog, but we demonstrate here that it efficiently and specifically cleaves mRNA in the A site of the eukaryote ribosome. The cleavage mechanism is similar to that in bacteria, showing the feasibility of A-site cleavage of mRNA for regulatory purposes also in eukaryotes. RelE cleavage in the A-site codon of a stalled eukaryote ribosome is precise and easily monitored, making "RelE printing" a useful complement to toeprinting to determine the exact mRNA location on the eukaryote ribosome and to probe the occupancy of its A site.