1
|
Alamri FF, Karamyan ST, Karamyan VT. A Low-Budget Photothrombotic Rodent Stroke Model. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:21-28. [PMID: 36715924 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A number of animal stroke models have been developed and used over the years to study the pathological mechanisms of this disorder and develop new therapies. Among them, the photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke has been central in various studies focusing on understanding of the basic biology of neural repair, identification and validation of key molecular targets involved in post-stroke recovery, and preclinical testing of various therapeutic approaches. To facilitate uniformity among various experimental groups using this expert-recommended mouse model of choice for stroke recovery studies, in this chapter we describe in detail a low-budget technique to induce photothrombosis in the mouse primary motor cortex. Additionally, we provide tips for conducting this procedure in other cerebral cortical regions of the mouse brain and in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Alamri
- College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Syeara N, Bagchi S, Al Shoyaib A, Karamyan ST, Alamri FF, Karamyan VT. The Finer Aspects of Grid-Walking and Cylinder Tests for Experimental Stroke Recovery Studies in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:345-353. [PMID: 36715944 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The choice of behavioral tests and their proper execution is critically important for experimental and preclinical therapeutic stroke recovery studies, where improvement of impaired neurological function(s) is the main outcome measure. Two tests that focus on spontaneous motor behaviors of the forelimb during gait and exploratory rearing and are expert recommended for stroke recovery studies in mice are grid-walking and cylinder tasks. Both tests have been widely used in various experimental stroke studies to evaluate acute and chronic motor impairment. To facilitate adoption of these tests and consistency of use between different research laboratories, this chapter describes a simple and rigorous protocol and our schemes to successfully perform both tasks in mice and evaluate motor dysfunction and recovery after stroke. In addition, we provide practical tips to minimize experimental bias and acquire data for analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Syeara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sounak Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Faisal F Alamri
- College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA. .,Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Shoyaib A, Alamri FF, Syeara N, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. The Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat or Entinostat on Motor Recovery in Mice After Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:471-484. [PMID: 33590407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using rigorous and clinically relevant experimental design and analysis standards, in this study, we investigated the potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors panobinostat and entinostat to enhance recovery of motor function after photothrombotic stroke in male mice. Panobinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is a FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor in late stage of clinical investigation. The drugs were administered every other day (panobinostat-3 or 10 mg/kg; entinostat-1.7 or 5 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to 15 after stroke. To imitate the current standard of care in stroke survivors, i.e., physical rehabilitation, the animals run on wheels (2 h daily) from post-stroke day 9 to 41. The predetermined primary end point was motor recovery measured in two tasks of spontaneous motor behaviors in grid-walking and cylinder tests. In addition, we evaluated the running distance and speed throughout the study, and the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons in medial agranular cortex (AGm) and infarct volumes at the end of the study. Both sensorimotor tests revealed that combination of physical exercise with either drug did not substantially affect motor recovery in mice after stroke. This was accompanied by negligible changes of parvalbumin-positive neurons recorded in AGm and comparable infarct volumes among experimental groups, while dose-dependent increase in acetylated histone 3 was observed in peri-infarct cortex of drug-treated animals. Our observations suggest that add-on panobinostat or entinostat therapy coupled with limited physical rehabilitation is unlikely to offer therapeutic modality for stroke survivors who have motor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Faisal F Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nausheen Syeara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alamri FF, Al Shoyaib A, Syeara N, Paul A, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. Delayed atomoxetine or fluoxetine treatment coupled with limited voluntary running promotes motor recovery in mice after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1244-1251. [PMID: 33318401 PMCID: PMC8284259 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an unmet need for treatments promoting post-stroke functional recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the dose-dependent effect of delayed atomoxetine or fluoxetine therapy (starting on post-stroke day 5), coupled with limited physical exercise (2 hours daily voluntary wheel running; post-stroke days 9 to 42), on motor recovery of adult male mice after photothrombotic stroke. These drugs are selective norepinephrine or serotonin reuptake inhibitors indicated for disorders unrelated to stroke. The predetermined primary end-point for this study was motor function measured in two tasks of spontaneous motor behaviors in grid-walking and cylinder tests. Additionally, we quantified the running distance and speed throughout the study, the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons in the medial agranular cortex and infarct volumes. Both sensorimotor tests revealed that neither limited physical exercise nor a drug treatment alone significantly facilitated motor recovery in mice after stroke. However, combination of physical exercise with either of the drugs promoted restoration of motor function by day 42 post-stroke, with atomoxetine being a more potent drug. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in the ipsilateral medial agranular cortex of mice with recovering motor function, while infarct volumes were comparable among experimental groups. If further validated in larger studies, our observations suggest that add-on atomoxetine or fluoxetine therapy coupled with limited, structured physical rehabilitation could offer therapeutic modality for stroke survivors who have difficulty to engage in early, high-intensity physiotherapy. Furthermore, in light of the recently completed Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) and Efficacy oF Fluoxetine-a randomisEd Controlled Trial in Stroke (EFFECTS) trials, our observations call for newly designed studies where fluoxetine or atomoxetine pharmacotherapy is evaluated in combination with structured physical rehabilitation rather than alone. This study was approved by the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 16019).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Current address: College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical, Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Nausheen Syeara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Anisha Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|